Strona czynna i bierna

W języku angielskim podobnie jak w języku polskim zdania posiadaja strone czynną i bierną.
na początek przypomnijmy sobie jak wyglada strona czynna i bierna w języku polskim.

strona czynna		strona bierna
Ja czeszę włosy.		Włosy są czesane przeze mnie.

Jak widzimy przy zamianie strony czynnej na bierną, wyraz bedący dopełnieniem w stronie czynnej, będzie podmiotem w stronie biernej.np

Ja(podmiot)czeszę włosy(dopełnienie).
Włosy((podmiot) są czesane przeze mnie(dopełnienie).

Angielską stronę bierną tworzy się na tej samej zasadzie co w języku polskim.Podmiot staje się dopełnieniem.czyli wykonawca czynności zostaje przerzucony na koniec zdania, przez co staje się mniej ważny.natomiast odbiorca czynnosci staje sie podmiotem i gra teraz w zdaniu pierwsze skrzypce.
The professor teaches the students.---> The students are taught by the professor.

strone czynna tworzymy następujaco:
podmiot(wykonawca czynności) + czasownik+ dopełnienie (odbiorca czynności)+reszta zdania(jesli jest)

• Tom cleans the house every week.

Strone bierna tworzymy nastepujaco:
podmiot(który w tym przypadku jest odbiorca czynności)+odpowiednia forma "to be"+forma przeszła czasownika regularnego lub 3 tabelka czasowników nieregularnych+by+dopełnienie czyli wykonawca czynnosci+reszta zdania

• The house is cleaned by Tom every week.

Strony biernej uzywamy ,gdy uważamy ,ze odbiorca czynności jest wazniejszy od wykonawcy czynności i chcemy to podkreslic lub gdy nie znamy wykonawcy czynności czy też nie chcemy go ujawnic.
weźmy za przykład takie zdanie:

• The grass is cut once a month. / Trawa jest koszona raz w miesiącu.

Załózmy, że mieszkamy w bloku i nie wiemy tak naprawde kto ja kosi, wiemy natomiast ,że ktoś to robi raz w miesiącu. uzywamy wtedy strony biernej.
Załóżmy teraz ,ze chcemy komus się pochwalić że w nasz dom jest sprzątany codziennie. w zdaniu natomiast nie chcemy ujawniac kim jest osoba,która go sprzata(nie chcemy lub nie czujemy takiej potrzeby). używamy więc strony biernej.

• My house is cleaned every day.

Tworząc strone bierną musimy pamiętac o tym ,że czas się nie zmienia,a więc jesli strona czynna jest w present continuous to strona bierna bedzie również w present continuous.
teraz popatrzmy jak tworzymy strone bierną w różnych przypadkach czasów angielskich.

Present Simple

John walks his dog every day ---> The dog is walked by Tom every day

Present Continuous

Sarah is writing a book ---> The book is being written by Sarah.

Simple Past

Andrew repaired his bicycle --->The bicycle was repaired by Andrew.

Past Continuous

The teacher was helping the student when they heard the noise. ---> The student was being helped by the teacher when they heard the noise.

Present Perfect

Many people have seen a ghost in the castle. --->A ghost has been seen in the castle by many people.

*Present Perfect Continuous

He has been cleaning the house for many hours. ---> The house has been being cleaned for many hours.

Past Perfect

Ann had caused many accidents before she learned how to drive. --->Many accidents had been caused by Ann before she learned how to drive.

*Past perfect Continuous

Whitney Houston had been doing many concerts before she performed in Poland. ---> Many concerts had been being done by Whitney Houston before she performed in Poland.

Future Simple

Someone will finish the project by tomorrow--->The project will be finished by tomorrow.

Future Simple(be going to)

Emma is going to bake a cake. ---> A cake is going to be baked by Emma

*Future Continuous

At 4pm Mark will be cleaning his room. ---> At 4 pm the room will be being cleaned by Mark.

*Future Continuous(be going to)

John is going to be cleaning the house in the evening. --->The house is going to be being cleaned by John in the evening

Future Perfect

Someone will have completed the article before the deadline. ---> The article will have been completed before the deadline

Future Perfect (be going to)

They are going to have completed the articles before the deadline. ---> The articles are going to have been completed before the deadline

*Future Perfect Continuous

They will have been painting the walls for two weeks before the work is finished. ---> The walls will have been being painted for two weeks before the work is finished

*Future Perfect Continuous(be going to)

They are going to have been panting the walls for two weeks before the job is finished. --->The walls are going to have been being painted before the job is finished.

Used to

Carl used to pay the bills. ---> The bills used to be paid by Carl

Would always

My mother would always clean the house. ---> The house would always be cleaned by my mother.

Future in the Past

I knew Sally would finish her breakfast quickly. --->I knew breakfast would be finished quickly by Sally

Future in the Past(was going to)

I thought Emma an Mark were going to visit us. --->I thought we were going to be visited by Emma and Mark

Formy Active i Passive:

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Present	keeps	is kept
Present Continuous	is keeping	is being kept
Simple Past	kept	was kept
Past Continuous	was keeping	was being kept
Present Perfect	has kept	has been kept
Past Perfect	had kept	had been kept
Future	will keep	will be kept
Conditional	would kept	would be kept
Perfect Conditional	would have kept	would have been kept
Perect participle	having kept	having been kept
Modal verbs	must keep	must be kept
	should keep	should be kept
	must have kept	must have been kept