Archiwum cotygodniowego kursu języka angielskiego dla
początkujących
Lekcja 40
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GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
Present Perfect
have/has + past participle:
Positive Negative
I have finished my work I haven't finished my work
He/she/it has finished his/her/it's work He hasn't finished his work
They/we have finished their/our work They haven't finished their work
Questions Short answers
Have you finished your work? Yes, I have.
Has he finished his work? No, he hasn't
Have they finished their work? Yes, they have.
We use present perfect tense:
1) To talk about an action which began in
the past and continues now: I have been a butcher for two years.
2) To talk about a past action with present
results or importance: I have broken my arm.
3) To talk about experiences in a lifetime: She has been to Greece twice.
4) To look from the present back to a
completed action in the past: He has written two books.
Present perfect or past simple?
I broke my arm ( = In the past; it's not broken now)
I have broken my arm ( = In the past; it is still broken now)
I have been a butcher for two years ( = I began two years ago and I'm still a butcher)
I was a butcher for two years ( = I am not a butcher now, but I was)
He has seen two films in his life ( = In the past he saw two, but he may see more)
He saw two films in his life ( = Now he is dead; he will not see more films)
I have passed my driving test ! ( = Recently; now I can drive)
I passed my driving test ( = In the past; maybe a long time ago)
Words used with present perfect: for, since, yet, still
Since + a date/month/year
For + a period of time
Still usually goes before have
Yet usually goes at the end of the sentence
I have been a butcher for two years ( = I started two years ago)
She hasn't been to Greece since 1995 ( = 1995 was the last time she was in Greece)
They still haven't telephoned me. ( = from the past until now, they haven't called)
Have you finished your homework yet? ( = from the past until now, have you finished?)
Practice 1
Choose present perfect or past simple to complete the sentences:
0) .............................. (see) the new Tom Cruise film yet?
0) Tom ................................ (see) this film. We should buy it for him.
0) Where ................................... (buy) those beautiful trousers?
0) I ....................... (live) here for ten years. I love this house.
0) Look! It's Hermann. I ..................................... (see) him since our school days.
0) Who ................................. (steal) my pen? It was here 30 seconds ago.
0) Maria ................................ (go) to school in London before she moved to France.
0) If you ...................................... (finish) writing the exam, you may leave the room.
0) .............................. you ever (go) to Romania?
0) Ringo Sherbert (1919-1987).............................. (be) an opera singer for ten years.
Practice 2
Use for, since, yet, or still to fill the gaps:
1) ........................ 1979, he has won ten Olympic gold medals.
1) Bert has lived here ................... seven years.
1) I asked him to help me but he .......................... hasn't done anything.
1) Have you finished reading that book ...............?
1) I have known Maria ..................... February 1971.
1) I have known Hermann ................... years.
Practice 3
Can you form the past simple and past participle of these verbs?
PRESENT PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE
swim
take
teach
tell
think
throw
wear
win
write
Practice 4
Use the correct past participle form of the verb to complete the gaps:
0) Maria has ............................ (burn) the soup.
0) The car has ......................................... (break) down. What will we do?
0) I haven't ............................ (buy) any shoes for many years.
0) Look! My cat has ................................. (draw) a picture!
0) Hermann has been ........................... (give) a new bike for Christmas.
0) Oh dear, my dog has .............................. (fall) into the river.
0) My car has been ............................. (steal)!
0) I have ........................... (throw) all the rubbish away.
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VOCABULARY
ENGLISH EXPRESSIONS
Practice 1
Match the expression to the meaning
0) Thick as two short planks
0) To break the ice
0) Rock the boat
0) A drop in the ocean
0) Catch someone's eye
0) Look on the bright side
0) In the nick of time
0) Light at the end of the tunnel
0) Every cloud has a silver lining
0) Turn over a new leaf.
) To get someone's attention
b) A very small or insignificant amount
c) To be hopeful and optimistic
d) Very stupid
e) Every bad thing has a positive aspect
f) To do something at the last moment
g) To cause trouble or problems
g) To get to know someone
i) To make a positive change in your life
j) A hopeful result in the near future
Vocabulary from the unit:
aspect  aspekt, przejaw
break down  zepsuć się
butcher - rzez
nik
cause - powodować
completed action  zakończone działanie
continue - kontynuować
get someone's attention  zwrócić czyjąś uwagę
importance  ważność, istotność
insignificant  nieistotny, nieważny
lifetime  całe życie
throw - rzucać
trouble - kłopot
A drop in the ocean  przen. Kropla w morzu
Catch someone's eye - przen. Pochwycić czyjeś spojrzenie
Every cloud has a silver lining  przen. Każda nieprzyjemna sytuacja ma jakiś pozytywny aspekt.
In the nick of time  w samą porę
Light at the end of the tunnel - przen. Światło na końcu tunelu
Look on the bright side  przen. Dostrzegać pozytywne aspekty.
Rock the boat - przen. Niepotrzebnie stwarzać zagrożenie dla wspólnego przedsięwzięcia.
Thick as two short planks  pot. Bardzo głupi
To break the ice  przen. Przełamać lody
Turn over a new leaf.  przen. Otworzyć nowy rozdział (w życiu)
LESSON 8  answer key
GRAMMAR
Practice 1
0. Have you seen the new Tom Cruise film yet?
0. Tom hasn t seen this film. We should buy it for him.
0. Where did you buy those beautiful trousers?
0. I have lived here for ten years. I love this house.
0. Look! It's Hermann. I haven t seen him since our school days.
0. Who has stolen my pen? It was here 30 seconds ago.
0. Maria went to school in London before she moved to France.
0. If you have finished writing the exam, you may leave the room.
0. Have you ever gone to Romania?
0. Ringo Sherbert (1919-1987) was an opera singer for ten years.
Practice 2
0. Since 1979, he has won ten Olympic gold medals.
0. Bert has lived here for seven years.
0. I asked him to help me but he still hasn't done anything.
0. Have you finished reading that book yet?
0. I have known Maria since February 1971.
0. I have known Hermann for years.
Practice 3
PRESENT PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
Practice 4
0. Maria has burned/burnt the soup.
0. The car has broken down. What will we do?
0. I haven't bought any shoes for many years.
0. Look! My cat has drawn a picture!
0. Hermann has been given a new bike for Christmas.
0. Oh dear, my dog has fallen into the river.
0. My car has been stolen!
0. I have thrown all the rubbish away.
VOCABULARY
Practice 1
0) Thick as two short planks d) Very stupid
2) To break the ice h) To get to know someone
3) Rock the boat g) To cause trouble or problems
4) A drop in the ocean b) A very small or insignificant amount
5) Catch someone s eye a) To get someone s attention
6) Look on the bright side c) To be hopeful and optimistic
7) In the nick of time f) To do something at the last moment
8) Light at the end of the tunnel j) A hopeful result in the near future
9) Every cloud has a silver lining e) Every bad thing has a positive aspect
10) Turn over a new leaf. i) To make a positive change in your life