I rondón, have been especially helpful over the years in providing a friendly

and scholarly atmosphere for research.

Valions individuals have supplied thoughts, references and encourage-

ment, ( )f those I can recall, I thank Kay Anderson, Tim Barringer, Andrew

I {lake, Chris Breward, Andreas Broeckmann, Kelly Boyd, Don Chapman,
Richard Drayton, Elizabeth Edwards, Patricia Fara, David Gilbert, Peter
I lansen, Sarah Harper, Jens Jager, Phil Kinsman, Avril Maddrell Mander,
I'elcr Marshall, Tim Meldrum, John MacKenzie, Rohan MacWilliam,

Cadierine Nash, Sue Parnell, Daniel Piercey, Andrew Roberts, Sarah

Radcliffe, Jane Sampson, Raphael Samuel, Heather Shore, James Sidaway,
I )onald Simpson, Anthony Stockwell, Nicola Thomas, Adrianne Tooke,

( rearóid O Tuathail and Bill Tunstall.

My extended family and friends have given much support for this project

over several years. My biggest debt of gratitude is to my wife, Deborah, per-
il aps both my kindest and my most critical reader, for her astute comments
and endless encouragement. Finally, it is unlikely that I would ever have
been drawn to the cultural complexities of Empire were it not for the colo-
nial experiences of my grandparents, and I thank in particular Arthur

I [orner for sharing with me his memories and insights.

Photographic Acknowledgements

Royal Commonwealth Society Collection, by permission of the Syndics of

Cambridge University Library: 14,20,36,80,81,83,84,86; By kind permis-
sion of Mrs Daphne Foskett (National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh: 10,

11, 12; The British Library, London: 38, 56, 57; Foreign & Commonwealth

Office collection, London: 26, 39, 54; Courtesy of the Director, National

Army Museum, London: 33; By courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery,
I .ondon: 2, 3; The Natural History Museum, London: 87; By kind permis-

sion of the Royal Anthropological Institute, London: 4; Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, London: 13; By kind permission of the Royal Geographical
Society, London: 7,9,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,27,28,29,30,31,
32, 34, 35, 27, 40, 41, 42, 49, 50 (also used on cover), 51, 52, 59,60,61,62,63,
64,65,66,88,91, and the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford: 4, 5,8,69,
70,73,90 and 92.

Abbreviations

AI Anthropological Institute
BAAS British Association for the Advancement of Science
BJP British Journal of Photography
CO Colonial Office
COVIC Colonial Office Visual Instruction Committee
ESL Ethnological Society of London
FCOL Foreign and Commonwealth Office Library
FO Foreign Office

GJ Geographical Journal
GT Geographical Teacher
IOL India Office Library

JAI Journal of the Anthropological Institute
JES Journal of the Ethnological Society
JUG Journal of Historical Geography
JRGS Journal of the Royal Geographical Society

NAM National Army Museum
NLS National Library of Scotland
PRCI Proceedings of the Royal Colonial Institute
PRGS Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society
RAI Royal Anthropological Institute
RCS Royal Commonwealth Society Collections
RGS Royal Geographical Society
RHLO Rhodes House Library, Oxford

SGO School of Geography, Oxford

TESL Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London
TIBG Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

UCL University College, London
WI Wellcomc Institute