ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS,

AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

NOTES

T h e following pages explain t h e abbreviations that are used in the more technical parts (see

above,

xiv.

i.

[a])

of the

T h e list does not claim to be exhaustive, and, for t h e

most part, it takes n o account of well-established abbreviations, or such as have seemed to be fairly
obvious.

T h e Canonical a n d Apocryphal books of t h e Bible are usually referred

to as

Gen., Ex., Lev.,

Nu., D t . , Josh.,

Ruth,

Ezra, Neh., Esth., Job,

Ps.,

Pr., Eccles.,

Is.,

Jer., Lam., Ezek., Dan., Hos., Joel, Am., Ob., Jon., Mi., Nah., Hab., Zeph., Hag.,

Zech., Mal.

I

Esd.,

4

E s d .

2

E s d . of E V ) , Tob., Judith, Wisd., Ecclus., Baruch, Epistle

of

Jeremy

Bar. ch.

6),

S o n g of the T h r e e Children (Dan.

Susanna, Bel a n d t h e Dragon,

Prayer of Manasses,

Mt., Mk., Lk., Jn., Acts,

Cor., Gal., E p h . , Phil., Col., Thess.,

Tim., Tit., Philem., Heb.,

Pet.,

Jn.,

Jude, Rev. [or Apoc.].

An explanation of some of t h e symbols (A,

etc.), now generally used to denote certain

Greek MSS of the Old or New Testaments, will b e found above, at p. xvi. I t may be added that

t h e bracketed index numerals denote the edition of the work to which they are a t t a c h e d : thus

i n

Jewish Church,

edition (exceptions

see

below).

T h e unbracketed numerals above the line refer to footnotes for those

the line see

below under

Jz,

W h e n a foreign book is cited by a n English name the reference is

to

the English translation.

I t is suggested that this work be referred

to

as the Encyclopedia Biblica, a n d that the

name may be abbreviated t h u s :

Bib.

or

I t will be observed

all t h e larger

articles can be referred t o by t h e numbered sections

or

passage can readily be cited

by column a n d paragraph or line.

T h e columns will be numbered continuously to the e n d

T h e bibliographical notes will, it is hoped, be welcome t o t h e student.

of the work.

Abulw.

. .

Abulwalid, the Jewish grammarian

(b. circa

author of

Book

Roots,

etc.

Acad.

. .

The Academy:

A

Review

Literature, Science, and Art.

London,

. .

AHT.

. .

Ancient Hebrew Tradition.

See

Hommel.

.

See Winckler.

Amer.

American

Semitic Lan-

guages

(continu-

ing

Hebraica

'95

Am. Tab.

. .

Letters(

Ant.

. . .

Josephus,

A OF

. .

See

Winckler.

Anecd.

.

Anecdota,

and 2nd

series, published

under the

general title Texts and Studies

'

at the

University

Press.

Aq.

.

.

.

Aquila, Jewish proselyte (temp.

revolt against Hadrian), author
of

a

Greek translation of

the

Old

Testament. See T

EXT

.

Ar.

. . .

Arabic.

Aram.

. .

Aramaic. See A

RAMAIC

.

Arch.

.

.

or

See

Ar.

Des.

. .

Doughty,

Arabia

'88.

Ar. Heid., or

Reste

See

Arm.

.

.

Armenian.

Benzinger, Nowack.

Heid.

Wellhausen.

Ass.

.

.

Assyrian.

Ass.

.

See

Delitzsch.

As.

Eur.

.

W.

M. Miiller,

nach

tischen

'93.

A

A

A

T Unters.

.

. .

.

.

Bab..

.

Baed.,

or

Baed.

Pal.

Baethg., or

BAG

.

.

Baraitha

.

BDB

Lex.

Be.

. .

Beitr.

.

Beitr.

z.

Ass.

HA.

Alte Testament,

Old Testament.

Untersuchungen.

See Winckler.

Authorised Version.

ben,

(son, sons, Hebrew).

Baer and Delitzsch's critical edition

of

the Massoretic Text, Leipsic,

'69, and following years.

Babylonian.
Baedeker,

(ed. Socin),

'94;

'98 (Benzinger) based

on 4th German

Baethgen,

'88.

C. P. Tiele,

Geschichte,

pt.

'86;

pt.

'88.

Barth,

Die

in

semitischen

i.,

'89;

ii.,

See

L

AW

L

ITERATURE

.

[Brown, Driver, Briggs,

Lexicon]

A

Hebrew and

Lexicon

of

the

Testament,

based on

the Lexicon of Gesenius, by

F.

Brown, with the co-operation

of

S.

R.

Driver and

C.

A. Briggs,

Oxford, '92, and following years.

Richter

Ruth,

'54;

73; Esra,

Nehemia

Ester,

'62;

by

Ryssel,

'87.

especially Baethgen (as

above).

tischen

f t

;

ed.

Fried. Delitzsch and Paul Haupt,

i.,

iii., '98; iv.

I.

Benzinger,

'94.

'94.

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

NOTES

xix

.

Bertholet,

Bi.

. .

.

Sac.

,

.

.

.

.

Boeckh

.

.

%OR

. .

Bottch.

.

.

in

A. Bertholet,

Die

der

der

den

'96.

Gustav

:

der

Grammatik,

ET,

'77.

'82.

der Hebraer,

der

Prov., 'go.

Sacra,

De

See Josephus.

Lexicon

;

worterbuch

Handgebrauch

fur Geistliche
glieder,

j

vols.,

'69-'75.

S.

Bochart

:

Sacra,

1646

sive de

bus

Sacra, 1663.

Aug. Boeckh,

Corpus

Babylonian a n d

Record,

Friedrich

der hebraischen

'66-'68.

4

Lex.

.

Lexicon

z.

d.

des

BR

.

.

.

Biblical Researches.

See Robinson.

Bu.

.

.

.

Karl Budde:

.

D i e

Fl. Josephus, '79.

'83.

.

Die

Samuel,

und

Sam..
Das Buch

HK, '96.

and

Hohelied

in

Samuel

in

S B O T

(Heb.),

'94.

Buhl

.

.

See

Buxt.

Johann

Buxtorf

1603,

etc.

Buxt.

Lex.

.

Johann Buxtorf, son

(I

Lexicon Chaldaicum,

cum

et

1639,

folio.

Reprint with additions by B.
Fischer, a vols.,

'69

and

'74.

cir.

.

,

circa.

Bib.

Handwb'rterbuch,

ed.

P.

c.

. .

contra Apionem.

See Josephus.

. .

.

Composition des Hexateuchs.

See

Wellhausen.

Gen.

.

The

Account of

Genesis,

by George Smith. A new edi-
tion, thoroughly revised and cor-
rected by A.

H.

Sayce,

Is.

.

The

Prophecies

of

Isaiah,

2

vols.

revised,

'89).

Job

a n d

Job

or

The Wisdom

of

the

Testament

('87).

.

.

The Book

of

transl.

with comm.

('88);

re-

written (forthcoming).

.

.

The

a n d Religious Con-

tents

of

the

(Barnpton

Lectures,

. .

Aids t o the

Devout

Study

of

Criticism, '92.

Founders

.

Founders

Testament

Criticism, 94.

.

Introduction t o the Book

o f

Isaiah

Zeller,

'89-'93.

Che.

. .

T. K.

Cheyne':

.

.

C I S

.

Class.

Rev.

,

.

co.

.

.

Ezek.

E i n L

Hist.

C O T

.

Rev.

.

D

.

.

. .

Is. SBOT.

Isaiah

in

SBOT

[Eng.],

Jeremiah, his

a n d Times

in Men of the

Jewish

Religious

the

Bible

'

('88).

'98.

.

Corpus

(ed. Dittenberger),

See

also Boeckh.

.

Latinarum,

Berlin,

'63,

and following years,

14

vols., with supplements.

.

Corpus

Semitica-

rum, Paris,

Pt. i.,

cian and

inscriptions; pt.

Aramaic inscriptions; pt.

S.

Arabian inscriptions.

.

The

Classical Review,

.

Clermont-Ganneau

:

.

Recueil

.

Cornill:

Das Buch des

Propheten

Ezechiel, '86.

Einkitung in das

Testa-

ment,

;

@),

'96.

o f the

of

from

the

.

Inscriptions

Testament.

See Schrader.

.

A.

H.

Sayce,

The Higher Criticism

and the

Verdict

o f the

Monu-

ments, '94.

Critical Review

of

a n d

Literature

Salinond],

.

Author of Deuteronomy; also used

Deuteronomistic passages.

.

Later Deuteronomistic editors. See

.

.

H

I

STOR

I

C

AL

L

ITER

A

T

U

RE

.

'94.

Gram.

.

Dalman,

Grammatik des

Worte

Lex.

-

Die

Worte

i.,

'98.

Dav.

.

.

Ezek.

.

de

C.

De Gent.

.

Del.

.

Par.

.

Targum,

Teil i.,

'97.

.

A. B. Davidson

:

Book

in Camb. Bible,

'84.

Book of

Ezekiel

in Cambridge

.

W. Smith, A

of

the

Bible, comprising its
Biography,

a n d Nat-

ural History,

3

vols.,

'63;

and ed. of vol. i., in two parts,

or,

Hastings, A

Dictionary of

the

dealing with its L a n -

guage, Literature, a n d Contents,

the

Theology,

vol. i.,

'98;

vol. ii.,

'99.

or, F.

de

Bible, '95

.

Alph.

Candolle,

des

'96.

ET

in the

Series.

Bible,

'92.

'93.

.

De

See Wellhausen.

.

Delitzsch, Franz

author

of many commentaries on books

of

the

OT,

etc.

or, Delitzsch, Friedrich,

son

of pre-

ceding. author

das

Paradies?

The Hebrew Language viewed

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

NOTES

in

the

o f Assyrian Re-

search,

'83.

A

'86.

'96.

Ass.

D H M

Ep. Denk.

D.

H.

Miiller,

Denk-

Arabien,

Die Propheten

in

Form.

Die

der

tischen

2

Bde.,

Di.

. .

.

Dillmann,

August

in

K G H : Genesis,

3rd ed. of

Knobel, '75;

;

'92 (ET

by Stevenson, '97) Exodus

und

Leviticus,

ed. of Knobel,

3rd ed.

by

Ryssel, '97;

Josh.,

ed. of

'go; (edd.

by Knobel; 4th ed. by

6th ed. by Kittel, '98).

Did.

.

.

See A

POCRYPHA

,

I.

Dozy,

.

Dr.

. .

.

Driver,

S.

R.:

HT.

.

A

Treatise

on the Use

o f

the

Tenses

in Hebrew,

'74;

;

'92.

TBS

.

Notes on the Hebrew Text

of

the Books

of

Samuel,

'90.

.

An

Introduction

t o

the

Litera-

ture

of the Old

'97.

Par.

.

Parallel Psalter,

.

Deuteronomy

in

Inter-

national Critical Commen-
tary,

'95.

Joel and Amos

in the

Cambridge

Bible,

'97.

Lev. SBOT

SBOT

(Eng.),

Leviticus,

as-

sisted by H. A. White, '98.

Hebrew Authority' in

Sacred

and

Profane,

ed.

David

G.

Hogarth, London,

Is.

.

.

His

and

Times,

in

Drus.

. .

Drusius

in

Du.

. . .

Bernhard Duhm:

'99.

Men of the Bible,'

.

Die Theologie

Propheten

der

Religion,

Is.

.

.

Das Buch Jesaia

in

'92.

.

.

Die Psalmen

in

E

.

.

. .

Old Hebrew historical document.

.

. .

Later additions to

E.

See H

IS

-

.

.

Encyclopedia Britannica,

9th

ed.,

Ebers,

Aeg.

Georg Ebers

u.

die Bucher

i., '68.

EinL

.

.

(Introduction).

See

Cornill, etc.

Eng.

Hist.

Rev.

The English Historical Review,

. .

Die

des

See

Ed. Meyer.

ET

.

.

.

English translatibn.

Eth.

. .

Ethiopic.

Eus.

.

.

Eusebius of

half of

3rd to

half of 4th cent.

A.D.)

:

Onomasticon;

'

On the Names

of Places in Holy Scripture.'

TORICAL

L

ITERATURE

.

'75-'88.

Onom. or O S

H E .

E

Chron.

.

. .

.

English version (where authorised

5W.

. .

Heinrich Ewald

:

and revised agree).

.

der

hebraischen

Sprache,

'44;

Gesch.

.

Geschichte des Volkes

'64-'68

;

E T

5

vols. (pre-Christian period),

.

Die

Alten

f

,

Proph.

.

Die Propheten,

E T

'76

Expos.

. .

5th

Times,

.

.

following (verse, or verses, etc.).

.

.

Fauna and

of

Palestine.

See Tristram.

Field,

Hex.

.

F.

Field,

qua

in

Testamentum

('75).

. .

ed. Muller, 5 vols.,

and Hanb.

F. A.

and D. Hanbury,

Pharm.

Floigl,

GA

Founders

.

Fr.

. .

,

.

.

Frankenb.

.

.
.

GA

.

.

.

GBA

.

.

GAT

.

Gei.

Ges.

.

Thes.

Granzm.

Lex.

.

Pharmacographia.

.

Floigl,

Geschichte des

.

Founders

o f

OM

Testament Criti-

cism. See Cheyne.

.

F.

com-

mentaries on boolts of the Apo-
crypha in

KHG.

.

Sigismund

Die

schen

schen.

'86.

.

W.

Die

in

.

J

.

G.

:

('87).

Golden

Bough

('90);

in prep.

Description

of

(translation

notes, 6 vols.,

.

Marquart,

Fundamente

Geschichte,

'96.

.

Greek Version, see above, p.

and

T

EXT A

N

D

V

ERSIONS

.

.

Geschichte d.

(see

Meyer,

.

Geschichte

(see Meyer).

.

Gesch.

(see Wincltler, Hommel).

.

George Adam Smith. See Smith.

.

Renss,

Geschichte

Testa-

.

Geiger,

und

,

der

in

hangigkeit

der

'57.

.

F.

H.

W.

Gesenius

.

Thesaurus

Ling.

et

Veteris Testamenti,

.

;

by

E.

Kautzsch, '96;

ET

ments,

'81

;

' 9 0

.

(Muhlau
(Buhl, with Socin and

mern), '95

(Buhl),

. .

Gesenius Buhl. See'above, Ges.

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS,

AND

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

NOTES

xxi

.

G G A

,

.

G G N

.

G I

.

.

.

GJV

.

Glaser

.

Gr.

.

.

Gra.

. .

Gesch.

.

Gr. Ven.

.

G V I

.

H

.

.

HA or Hebr.

Hal.

.

.

Hamburger

.

Geschichte

(History).

.

.

.

See Winckler.

.

Ginsburg,

Massoretico-critical

Edi-

of

the Hebrew

'94, In-

troduction,

'9

7.

.

Geschichte

des

Volkes.

See Schurer.

.

Eduard Glaser

:

'45

der

Gesch.

.

K. Grimm

Maccabees

('53) and

in

K G N .

.

Heinrich Gratz

:

Geschichte

'74

.

den

.

Versio Veneta. See

T

EXT

.

.

Gesch.

des

Volkes

See

'go.

ET

i.-v.,

Psalmen,

Stade, etc.

Harper,

ABL

.

. .

Heb.

.

.

Hebraica

.

.

Heid.

. .
.

.

Herzog,

RE

.

.

Hex.

.

.

.

.

H G .

. .

.

.

Hilgf.

.

.

Hist.

.

.

Hist. Proph.

Mon.

. .

. .

'The Law of Holiness' (Lev.

See L

EVITICUS

.

See

zinger, Nowack.

Joseph

The inscriptions

in

Rapport

sur

Mission

le

('72)

are cited

:

Hal. 535, etc.

et

Hamburger,

Talmud, i.

ii. '83, suppl. '86,

'97.

R. F.

Harper,

Letters

to the

collection

of the

British

Museum,

Testament,

bearbeitet von

H. J.

Holtzmaun,

R.

A.

P.

W.

Schmiedel,

H.

v.

Hebrew.
Continued as

Reste

See

Wellhausen.

Kosters,

van

in

het

Germ.

transl.

Die

'95

See
See

(see Kuenen, Holzinger,

etc.).

See Field.

Historical Geography of the

Land.

See Smith, G. A.

See Bochart.

A.

Hilgenfeld, N T scholar

(EinL,

and ed. since

of

See

Ewald, Kittel, etc.

J. F.

Prophecy,

a n d the Monuments:

To

the

Downfall

of

Samaria ('94); ii.

To

the Fall of Nineveh ('96).

F.

Hitzig

Hohelied

Die

Propheten

('38;

('35-'36;

'63-'65).

Handkommentar

Alten

Testa-

ment,

ed. Nowack,

Holz.

EinL

.

H.

Holzinger,

in

den

Hexateuch

Genesis

in

Hommel

. .

Fritz Hommel:

AHT

.

Die

ET,

Ancient

'97.

G B A

.

Geschichte Babyloniens

syriens,

.

Lightfoot,

Hebraice, 1684.

HP

. .

Holmes and Parsons,

Testa-

mentum

variis

I

827.

HPN

.

.

G.

Gray,

Studies

in

Hebrew

Proper

'96.

.

,

Henry Preserved Smith.

.

.

.

Die

See Kautzsch.

HWB

. .

des

vols., '84;

'93-'94.

See also Delitzsch

(Friedr.).

. .

.

Geschichte.

See Wellhausen.

.

.

Introduction.

Is.

. .

Introduction

to Isaiah.

See

Samuel

in

International Critical

Cheyne.

It.

.

.

.

Itala. See

T

EXT AND

V

ERSIONS

.

It. Anton.

,

Fortia

ban, '45.

Jastrow,

As.

.

.

.

. .
.

.

J E .

.

.

Jensen,

.

Jer.

. .

Jon.

.

.

Jos.

. .

Old Hebrew historical document.
Later additions to

Journal

o f

the

American

I

M. Jastrow,

Dictionary of the

the

etc.,

and

Journal

'53

7th

Journal'

of

Literature and

Exegesis,

formerly

o f

the

of

Biblical Lit. and

Jahrbucher

bibl.

Jahrbucher

Theologie,

The Prophetical narrative of the

Hexateuch, composed of

J

and

E.

P.

Jensen, Die

der

'90.

Jerome, or Jeremiah.
Jonathan. See Targum.
Flavius Josephus

37

A.

D

.),

Anti-

De

Bello

Vita, contra Apionem

(ed.

3 vols., '87-'94).

Journal of

i. (Nos.

I

and

ii. (Nos. 3 and 4,

etc.

fur

. .

Jewish Quarter4

. .

o f

Roval Asiatic

(vols.

1-20,

'34

new ser.,

vols.

currentseries,

. .

.

.

Die

d.

Testa-

Kau.

. .

E.

Kautzsch:

ment.

See Schrader.

Gram.

.

des

.

.

Die

des

'84.

Testaments,

'94.

xxii

ABBREVIATIONS,

SYMBOLS,

AND.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

NOTES

Ke.

.

Kenn.

.

K G H

K G K

. .

Gesch.

.

Die

des

Testa-

ments,

.

ass. bab.

in

u.

vols.

(

I

,

2,

3

a,

4, 5), '89-'96.

Edited by Schrader, in collabora-
tion with

L.

Abel,

C.

Bezold,

P.

Jensen,

F. E.

Peiser, and

H.

Winckler.

.

.

B.

Kennicott

cum

variis

2

vols.,

80.

K.

F.

Keil (d.

.

.

u.

See Schrader.

.

See

Di.,

Knob.,

01.

.

den

u.

Neuen

Testaments

den

ed.

H.

and

0.

.

Hand-commentar

Alten Testament,

ed. Marti,

.

Rudolf Kittel

:

Geschichte

der

vols.,

'92; Eng. transl.,

His-

tory of the Hebrews,

'96.

0

The

Chronicles.

Critical

Kim.

.

.

Kl. Proph.

.

.

KO.

.

.

.

Kr.

. .

Kt.

.

.
.

Edition'of the Hebrew text,

(translated by Bacon).

R. David

circa

A

.

D.,

the famous Jewish scholar and
lexicographer, by

exegesis

the AV is mainly guided.

.

Kinship a n d Marriage in

Arabia. See

W. R.

Smith.

.

Propheten

(Minor Prophets).

See Wellhausen, Nonack, etc.

.

Aug. Klostermann,

Die Biicher

('87)

in

K G K .

Geschichte des

Volkes

Israel

unter

Nehemia,

Aug.

Knobel

in

Exodus

by

mann,

Der

Jesaia,

'43,

See Dillmann.

.

F.

E.

KOnig,

der Hebraischen

Sprache,

3

vols., '81-'97.

.

.

.

Aug. Kohler.

.

(lit. to be read

a

marginal

reading which the
intended

that in the

text

see below.

.

(lit. 'written

a reading

in the MT; see above.

.

Abr. Kuenen

:

.

naar

en

v a n de Boeken

des

3 vols.,

'61-'65;

Germ.

transl.,

in

die

des

Testaments,

'92;

The Hexateuch,

translated by Philip
steed, '86.

.

D e

v a n Israel,

'69-'70;

De

en

der

Israel,

'75;

.

German

by Budde, '94.

Eng. transl., 3 vols.,

'77.

L

:

.

.

Lag.

. .

Hag.

.

Syr.

. .

Ges.

.

.

Sym.

.

Prov.

,

.

or

Beitr.

.

.

Sem.

Arm.

.

Or.

. .

Lane

. .

[ a n d ]

B

.

. .

Levy,

WB

Lex.

.

.

Leps.

Denkm.

.

Lightf.

. .

de

Lagarde,

Veteris

Canonicorum, Pars

Prior

'83.

Paul de Lagarde

:

Chaldaice,

'73.

Veteris Testamenti

bha

i.-iv., '84-'89.

ii.,

'63.

die

Arabischen, u n d

Hebraischen
der Nomina,

'89.

Beitrage

z.

'68.

'72.

Semitica,

Armenische

i., '79.

6

I

.

E.

Lane, An

Arabic-English

Lexicon,

'63

W.

M. Thomson,

The L a n d a n d

the Book,

new ed. '94.

Later Biblical Researches.

See

Robinson.

Levy,

'76-'89.

die

See

R. Lepsius,

aus

u.

'49-'60.

John Lightfoot

Hebraice

(1684).

Joseph

Lightfoot

\commentaries

on

Galatians

'74);

Philippians

'73)

a n d Phile-

mon

('75).

Lips.

. .

Die

. . .

Luc.

.

See

L.

LXX

or

.

Septuagint.

See

above,

xv

and

T

EXT

VERSIONS.

Maimonides

.

Moses Maimonides

(

I

131-1204).

Exegete, author of

Torah,

etc.

men,

Mand.

.

.

Mandaean. See A

RAMAIC

,

IO.

Marq.

Fund.

.

J.

Marquart,

Fundamente

scher

Geschichte,

'96.

Marti

. .

K.

Marti:

Gram.

.

Grammatik

a',

Sprache,

'96.

Geschichte

der

'97 (a

revision of A. Kayser,

Die

des A T ) .

.

.

Das

in

K H C ,

D a w n

o f

Egypt

and Chaldea

Melees

des

ET by

Masp.

.

.

G.

Maspero:

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

NOTES

xxiii

. .

M D P V

.

Merx

.

.

. .

.

Meyer

.

.

M G W J

.

M H .

.

M I .

.

.

. .

. .

MT.

. .

Struggle

the

-Egypt,

Histoire Anczenne des

de

der Berliner

u n d

des

Palastina-

A.

Merx,

Archiv

A

T ('69).

Ed.

Meyer

:

Geschichte des

;

i.,

Gesch. d. Orients

z u r

('84)

Gesch. des

die

('93).

Die

des

thums,

H.'

A.

W. Meyer

founder of the series

das

Neue

Gesch.

u.

des

' 5

I

Mishnic Hebrew, the language

of

the Mishna, Tosephta,
rashim, and considerable parts of
the Talmud.

Mesha

Inscription,

commonly

known as the 'Moabite Stone.'

See M

ESHA

.

See C

HRONICLES

,

6

(2).

Mishna, the standard collection

(completed, according to tradi-

tion,

Judah the Holy, about

Z

O

O

A.D.)

of sixty-three treatises

(representing the Jewish tradi-

tional or unwritten law as devel-
oped by the second century

A

.D.),

arranged in six groups

or

thus

:

-

( I I

tractates), ii.

iii.

iv.

( I I),

vi.

(

I 2).

iv.

8

v. 5

iii.

4

iv.

3

3

iv.

I

vi.

3

iv.

4

vi.

i.

I

i.

I

O

BE

ii.

vi.

4

i

v.

3

8

4

7

I

'Eriibin ii

6

Gittin,

5

iv.

I

O

4

VI

.

I

iii.

5

v.

7

6

ii.

7

v.

i.

4

vi.

I

O

Kinnim v.

11

v.

6

8

6

7

5

Makhshirin, vi.

8.

Uksin,

VI

.

iv.

5

vi.

IO

I

8

ii. 5

V

.

vi.

v.

IO

v.

I

Massoretic text, the Hebrew text

of

the

substantially as it was in

the early part of the second
century

A

.

D

.

(temp. Mishna).

I t remained unvocalised until

about the end of the seventh
century

A.D.

See

T

EXT

.

Murray

.

.

A New English Dictionary

on

Historical Principles,

ed.

J.

A.

Murray,

'88

also

H.

Bradley,

.

Muss-Arnolt, A

Concise Diction-

a r y

the Assyrian Language,

'94-'99

(

A

-

MAG

)

.

.

der

ischen

.

.

.

note.

Xab.

.

.

See A

RAMAIC

,

4.

. .

.

Barth; see Ba.

Nestle,

.

Die

nach

ihrer

lichen

'76.

Neub.

.

A

Neubauer,

mud,

'68.

.

.

Natural History

Bible.

See

Tristram.

. .

u.

See Levy.

no.

.

.

.

number.

.

.

Th.

Unters.

.

Untersuchungen

z.

K r i t i k a'.

'68.

Proph.

Die

Propheten (in

NT

. . .

New Testament, Neues Testament.

.

.

Olshausen

:

.

Marginalien u.

'93.

Testaments,

'69.

Now.

.

W.

Nowaclc

:

94.

'97:

. .

Die Psalmen,

,

[incomplete].

OLZ (or Or.

Ond.

.

Onk., Onq.

Onom.

.

.

.

OT

. .

OTJC

.

P

.

.

.

.

.

Palm.

.

Pal. Syr.

.

P A O S

.

Par.

.

Pat.

.

.

.

tung,

ed. Peiser,

.

Onderzoek.

See

.

Onqelos.

,

See Targ.

.

See

OS.

.

Psalter.

See Cheyne.

.

Sacra,

containing the

'

name-lists

of

Eusebius and

Jerome (Lagarde,

'87;

the

pagination of

printed

on

the

margin of

is followed).

.

Old Testament.

.

Old Testament

in the

Church. See

W. R.

Smith.

.

Priestly Writer. See

L

IT

.

.

Secondary Priestly Writers.

.

F.

Buhl,

des

'96.

See also Baedeker

and Reland.

.

Palmyrene. See A

RAMAIC

,

4.

.

Palestinian

or Christian

Palestinian. See A

RAMAIC

,

4.

.

Proceedings

Oriental

Society,

ff.

(printed annually

at end of

.

Zag das

Paradies?

See

Delitzsch.

.

Sayce,

Patriarchal Palestine,

'95.

,

See

.

Palestine

Exploration

Fund

[founded

.

Palestine

F u n d Me-

moirs,

3

vols.,

'81-'83.

xxiv ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

NOTES

Per.-Chip.

Pers.

.

Pesh.

.

Ph.,

PRE

,

,

and Chipiez

:

de

-

-

-

Asie

-

-

-

Rome:

ET

:

Ancient

Chaldea a n d Assvria.

a n d

Sardinia,

etc.,

Primitive

.

Persian.

.

Peshitta, the Syriac

3rd

cent.).

Syriace,

ed.

S.

Lee, '23,

OT

and

NT, '24.

W. E.

Barnes,

An Apparatus

to

Chronicles in the Peshitta

Version,

'97.

.

.

Kirche,

ed.

J.

J.

Herzog,

2 2

vols., '54-'68;

ed.

J.

J.

Herzog, G.

L.

Alb. Hauck, 18 vols.,

'88:

ed. Alb.

vol.

[A-Haul,

Jahrbucher,

Prim. Cult.

.

E.

B.

Primitive Culture,

Proph.

.

Prot.

PSBA

.

PS Thes.

.

R

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

I

-5R

.

Rab.

.

Rashi

.

Trav.

.

Rel.

Pal.

.

Rev.

.

Rev.

Ri.

Sa.

.

Rob.

.

.

The

of

Isaiah.

See

.

Prolegomena. See

Wellhausen.

,

fur

das

54-'96); continued

as

Prot.

.

Proceedings of the Society of Bibli-

cal Archeology,

.

Payne Smith,

Syriacus.

.

Punic.

.

Redactor

or

Editor.

.

of

JE.

.

Deuteronomistic

,

Priestly

.

H.

C. Rawlinson,

The

o f Western Asia.

i.-v.

'91).

,

Rabbinical.

.

Rabbenu Shelomoh

the celebrated

Jewish commentator.

de

la

et

et

.

Revue

des

i.,

ii.

and

'81

;

and so on.

.

Reland,

ex

2

vols.,

.

Revue.

.

Revue

.

Die

Bucher Richter

Samuel.

See

Budde.

.

Edward Robinson

:

.

Researches in Pales-

tine. Mt. Sinai. a n d Arabia

.

'

in

the year

1838

'56).

Later Biblical Researches in

tine a n d the

Regions, a

of

travels

in the year

Geography

of

the

or

iv.

or

Land,

'65.

. .

d.

ischen

. .

.

Records of the

being

English

translations of the Ancient

Monu-

ments of Egypt and Western
Asia,

ed.

S.

Birch, vols.

New series

ed.

A.

H.

Sayce, vols.

See

A

S

S

YRIA

,

or

Religion

of

the Semites.

See W.

R. Smith.

. .

.

Revised Version (NT,

OT,

'84; Apocrypha; '95).

.

.

G.B.

vols.,

'47

.

.

Ryssel; cp.

Bertheau.

. .

R. Sa'adya

Ar.

the tenth century Jewish gram-
marian and lexicographer

(b.

892)

;

Explanationsof the

legomena

in the OT, etc.

.

.

Saboan,

less

fittingly

called

Himyaritic; the name given to

a

class

of

S.

Arabian inscrip-

tions.

Denkm.

.

Sabaische

Denkmakr,

edd. Muller

and Mordtmann.

jam.

.

.

Samaritan.

SBA

W

.

.

der

. .

The Sacred Books

of

the East,

der

translated by

scholars

and edited by the

Rt.

Hon.

F.

Max

vols.

[Otherwise known as the

chrome Bible] The Sacred Books

of

the Old Testament, a new

Eng.

transl.,

Explanatory Notes

a n d Pictorial Illustrations

pre-

eminent biblical scholars

of

Europe a n d

of

America, a n d

edited, with the assistance
Horace Howard

by Paul

The Sacred Booksofthe Old

SBOT

.

.

Schr.

.

KAT

C O T

Schiir.

;

a

the Hebrew

text, printed in

with notes, prepared by

a n d America, under the editorial
direction

of Paul Haupt,

u n d Chaos in

u.

'95.

E.

Schrader;

editor

of

:

d. Alte

Testament,

Eng. transl. of

by

0.

C.

Whitehouse,

The

Cuneiform

Inscriptions a n d

the Old Testament,

vols.,

'85, '88

(the pagination

of

the German is retained in

the margin

of

the Eng. ed.).

E.

Schiirer

:

Geschichte des

Volkes

i m

Christi

i.

Politische

schichte, '90;

Die Inneren

Palastinas

des

Jiidischen Volkes

Zeitalter

78.

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES xxv

Hist.

.

Selden

.

Sem.

.

.

Sin.

.

.

Smend,

Listen

.

Smith

GASm.

.

HG

.

WRS.

.

Jesu Christi, '86; new ed. vol.

Die Inneren Zustande, '98,

Das Judenthum in der

Zerstreuung u. die
ratur, '98.

Vols.

I

Div. i. vols.

I

vol.

I

of German; vols.

3-5

Div.

vols.

=

vol.

of German

vols. ii., iii of

Selden,

de

e t

7

1665.

de

1617.

ET

of above ('go

Semitic.
Sinaitic; see A

RAMAIC

, 4.

Smend,

Die Listen

Bucher

u.

Nehemiah,

George Adam Smith

:

The Historical

of

the Holy Land,

in

to the History

of

Israel and

of

l e Early

Church,

(additions to

William Robertson Smith ('46-'94

:

The

Testament in the

enlarged, '92; (Germ. transl. by
Rothstein, '94).

The

o f

and their

i n

to

the close o f

the

eighth century

with introduction and addi-
tional notes by

T. K.

Cheyne,

'95.

Kin.

.

Kinship

and

Marriage in Early

Lectures on the

o f the

Semites:

The

.

.

Spencer

.

ss

. .

Sta.

.

.

Kr.

.

m.

m.

Stud.

sw.

.

.

w

.

and revised edition

)

94;

mental Institutions,

Germ. transl. by Stube, '99.

[The MS notes of the later Burnett

Lectures-on Priesthood, Divina-
tion and Prophecy, and Semitic
Polytheism and Cosmogony

-

remain unpublished,

are

occasionally cited by the editors
in the

as

Burnett

MS'].

A.

P.

Stanley,

Sinai and

in connection with

'56, last ed. '96.

.

De

.

Siegfried and Stade,

Alten Testa-

.

mente,

'53.

.

B. Stade:

Gesch.

.

.

Studien und

.

magni

(Mar-

.

.

Essays in

and Criticism and

kindred

4 vols.,

.

H.

B. Swete,

The

Old

Testament

in

the Septua-

gint;

'95-'99.

.

Sitzungsberichte d. Wiener

d.

den

. .

Symmachus, author of a Greek

version of the Old Testament

(circa

A.D.).

See

T

EXT

.

Syr.

. .

.

Syriac. See A

RAMAIC

,

Tad.

.

Desjardins,

'68.

Talm. Bab. Jer.

. .

.

.

Jon.

.

Onk..

.

.

T B S

. .

temp.

.

.

ceptus]

.

.

Theod.

.

.

.

Thes.

. .

Ti.

or Tisch.

.

Talmud, Babylonian or Jerusalem,

consisting of the text of the
Mishna

up into small

sections, each followed by the dis-
cursive comment called
See

L

AW

L

ITERATURE

.

Targum.
The (fragmentary) Targum

shalmi.

Targum Jonathan, the name borne

by the Babylonian Targum

to

the Prophets.

Targum Onltelos, the Babylonian

Targum to the

Pentateuch

(towards end

of

second century

A.

D

.)

.

The Targ. to the Pentateuch,

by the name of Jonathan.

Der

der Bucher

see Wellhausen; or

Notes o n the

Text of the Books

of

Samuel:

see

Driver.

tempore (in the time

The 'received text' of the

NT.

See

T

EXT

.

Thenius,

die Bucher

in

'42;

'64;

Lohr,

(end of second cen-

tury), author of a Greek version
of the Old Testament

rather a

revision of the LXX than a new

'). See

T

EXT

.

published in connection

with

Th.

(see

D

EUTERONOMY

,

See Gesenius.

R.

Payne Smith,

Thesaurus

Tischendorf,

Testamentum

octava

maior, '69-'72.

. .

Toseohta

.

.

L

AW

LITERATURE.

.

.

S. P.

Tregelles,

The Greek New

Testament;

ancient

authorities,

'5

Tristram

.

.

H.

B. Tristram

:

.

.

The Fauna and

of

NHB

.

The Natural History

of the

.

.

Transactions

of

Bib.

vols.

T u b .

Z.

Theologie,

.

Untersuchungen.

See Noldeke,

. .

Die

See

'89.

' 3 4 8

Wincltler.

Budde.

v.

.

.

.

verse.

,

The Apocrypha ( A V )

edited

with

various renderings,

etc.,

by C.

J.

Ball.

Var.

Bib.

.

The

edited

with

various

by

T. K.

Cheyne,

S. R.

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

Vet. Lat.

.

.

We., Wellh

D e Gent.

TBS

Gesch.

.

Proph.

. .

Weber

.

Wetstein

.

Wetz.

W F .

.

Driver

(OT),

and R.

L.

Clarke,

A.

W. Sanday (NT)

[otherwise known as the Queen's

printers'

Versio Vetus

the old-Latin

version (made from the Greek);
later superseded by the Vulgate.

See

T

EXT AND

V

ERSIONS

.

Vulgate, Jerome's Latin Bible

:

from Heb., N T a revision

of Vet. Lat. (end

of

4th and be-

ginning of 5th cent.). See

T

EXT

.

.

Julius Wellhausen.

De

qua

in

I

2

4

('70).

Der

Die

u.

eine

.

vol. i.

('78).

ed. of

Gesch.,

entitled

Gesch.

' 8 3 ;

ET '85;

4th

Germ. ed. '95.

.

u.

'94;

'97; an

amplification

of

Gesch.

in

Vorarbeiten,'

'84.

The

was sub-

stantially a reproduction of
'Israel' in

re-

published in

ET

of

and separately as

Sketch of

a n d

Reste Arabischen

('in

('74).

('87;

'97).

Die

D i e Composition des

der

Bucher

des

Alten

Testaments

('85; Zweiter Druck, mit

'89; originally

published in

T

21

22

and in

Bleek,

EinL

.

System der

or

Die

des

'80

(edited by Franz

Delitzsch and Georg
mann)

des

Talmud

und

'97 (ed.

Schnedermann).

J.

Wetstein,

Testamen-

tum

etc.. vols. folio

:

.

.

Wetzstein,

in

den

.

Wellhausen-Furness, The

of

('98) in

SBOT (Eng.).

Westcott and Hort,

The

Tes-

tament in

the

Greek,

W H [W

H]

.

Wi.

Winckler

:

Unters.

.

Untersuchungen

G B A

.

ischen

'92.

syriens,

'92.

AOF or

AF

ser.

'93-'97;

ser.

i.,

.

.

Geschichte

i. '95.

.

Die

'84.

.

. .

Winer

Gram.

.

WMM

.

.

Wr.

.

. .

A r . Gram.

Die'

von

A m a r n a (ET

Metcalf).

J.

G. Willtinson,

Manners

Customs of

the

Ancient Egyptians,

by Birch,

3

vols., '78.

G.

B.

Bibl.

see

Grammatik

des

bearheitet von Paul Wilh.

Schmiedel,

ET

of

6th ed.,

W. F.

'70.

See As.

Eur.

W. Wright

:

Lectures

o n

the Comparative

of

the

Semitic

Languages,

'90.

A

Grammar

o f

the Arabic

WRS

.

W Z K M

.

.

.

.

.

.

Z A T W

.

Z D M G

.

ZDPV

.

ZKF

.

.

ZKW

.

.

.

Z W T

.

the

of

a n d

with

numerous

addi-

tions a n d corrections

by

Wright;

2

vols., '74-'75

;

revised by W. Robertson

Smith and M.

J.

Goeje,

vol. i. '96, vol. ii. '98.

.

William Robertson Smith.

See

Smith.

.

Wiener

d.

des

.

The well-known Arabian geo-

graphical writer

( I

Kitab

edited

by

F.

.

(Journal).

.

.

fur

Sprache

.

f u r die

' 8

I

.

der

.

des

Deutschen

.

fur

'84

continued as

Z A .

.

See

W Z K M .

.

fur

(ed.

Luthardt),

.

und

Kirche,

.

fur

Theologie

Kirche,

'9

I

.

(ed. Hilgenfeld),

'78.

CONTRIBUTORS T O

VOLUME I

Arranged according to the

order

of

the signatures appended to their articles.

where

thus:

A

. B.

c.

D.

A.

A.

B.

A. E.

S.

A.

J.

A.

K.

A. R.

S.

K.

c.

c.

C.

F. B.

C.

H.

W.

J.

C. J.

B.

C.

P.

T.

E. M.

F.

B.

G.

A.

S.

G.

A.

Si.

G.

B.

G.

F.

H.

G.

H.

S.

H.

W.

H.

I.

A.

I. B.

J.

A.

R.

J. M.

B.

A

NTHONY

A

SHLEY

, Lord

Almoner’s Professor of Arabic, Cam-
bridge.

S

HIPLEY

, A. E., M.A., F.Z.S., Fellow,

Tutor, and Lecturer at Christ’s College,
Cambridge.

A

DOLF

, Professor of Church

History and New Testament Exegesis,

K

AMPHAUSEN

, A

DOLF

, Professor of Old

Testament Exegesis, Bonn.

K

ENNEDY

, A

RCHIBALD

, R. S., M.A.,

D.D.,

Professor of

Hebrew and

Semitic Languages, Edinburgh.

C

REIGHTON

, C., M.D., 34 Great Ormund

Street, London.

B

URNEY

, Rev, C. F., M.A., Lecturer in

Hebrew, and Fellow of
College, Oxford.

JOHNS,

Rev. C. H. W., M.A., Queen’s

College, Cambridge.

B

ALL

, Rev. C. J., M.A., Chaplain to

the Honourable Society of Lincoln’s
Inn, London.

T

IELE

, C. P., Professor of Comparative

History and Philosophy of Religion,
Leyden.

E

DUARD

,

Professor of Ancient

History,

B

ROWN

, Rev. F

RANCIS

, D.D., Daven-

port Professor of Hebrew and the

cognate Languages in the Union

Theological Seminary, New York.

S

MITH

,

Rev. G

EORGE

A

DAM

, D.D.,

Professor of Hebrew and Old

Testament Exegesis, Free Church
College, Glasgow.

S

IMCOX

,

G. A., M.A., Queen’s College,

Oxford.

G

RAY

, G. B

UCHANAN

, M.A., Lecturer

in Hebrew and Old Testament The-

ology, Mansfield College, Oxford.

M

OORE

, Rev. G

EORGE

F.,

D.D., Pro-

fessor

of

Hebrew in Andover Theo-

logical Seminary, Andover, Mass.

Professor of

Old Testament Exegesis, Leipsic.

B

ARON

VON,

Profes-

sor

of New Testament Exegesis, Berlin.

H

OPE

W.,

4

Winchester

Road, Oxford.

ZIMMERN, HEINRICH,

Professor of

Assyriology, Leipsic.

ISRAEL, London, Editor of

the

Review.

Dr.

IMMANUEL,

Berlin,

R

OBINSON

, Rev. J. A

RMITAGE

, D.D.,

Canon of Westminster.

M

ASSIE

,

M.A., Yates Professor of

New Testament Exegesis in Mansfield
College, Oxford formerly scholar of

John’s College, Cambridge.

B

UDDE

, K

ARL

, Professor

of

Old Testa-

ment Exegesis, Strassburg.

K.

Lu. G.

L.

W.

K.

M.

A.

C.

M.

R.

J.

N.

M.

N.

S.

0.

c.

w.

P.

w.

s.

R.

C.

R.

W.

R.

S.

A. C.

S.

R.

T.

G.

P.

T.

K.

C.

T.

N.

W.

D.

W.

B.

K

ARL

, Professor of Old Testa-

ment Exegesis and the Hebrew Lan-

guage, Berne.

G

AUTIER

, L

UCIEN

. Professor of Old

Testament Exegesis and History,
Lausanne.

K

ING

, L

EONARD

W

ILLIAM

, M.A., F.S.A.,

Assistant to the Keeper of Egyptian

and Assyrian

Antiquities,

British

Mus e m

.

M

AURICE

A., M.A.

Peter’s Rectory,

Hill, Lon-

don, E.C.

JASTROW,

M

ORRIS

,

Pro-

fessor of Semitic Languages in the

University of Pennsylvania.

JAMES,

M

ONTAGUE

R

HODES

,

.

Fellow and Dean of King’s College,

Cambridge.

N

ORMAN

, M.A., Lecturer in

Hebrew, and Fellow of Christ’s College,
Lecturer in Semitic Languages at
College, Cambridge.

S

CHMIDT

, N

ATHANAEL

, Professor of

Semitic Languages and Literatures,

University, Ithaca,

New

York.

W

HITEHOUSE

, Rev. O

WEN

C., M.A.,

Principal and Professor of Biblical
Exegesis and Theology in the Countess

of

Huntingdon’s College,

Herts.

PAUL

Professor of

New Testament Exegesis, Zurich.

C

HARLES

, Rev. R. H., M.A., D.D.,

Professor of Biblical Greek in Trinity
College, Dublin

17

Road,

Oxford.

R

OGERS

, Rev. ROBERT W.,

D.D., Professor of Hebrew, Drew
Theological Seminary, Madison, New
Jersey.

COOK, S

TANLEY

A., M.A. (Cantab.),

Ferndale, Rathcoole Avenue, Hornsey,
London, N.

D

RIVER

. Rev.

SAMUEL

D.D.,

Regius Professor of Hebrew, Canon
of

Christ Church, Oxford.

PINCHES, T

HEOPHILUS

G., M.R.A.S.,

Egyptian and Assyrian Department,
British Museum.

C

HEYNE

, Rev.

T.

K.,

M.A., D.D., Oriel

Professor of the Interpretation of Holy
Scripture at Oxford, Canon of Ro-

chester.

Professor of Se-

mitic Languages, Strassburg.

D

AVIES

, T. W.,

Professor of Old

Testament Literature, North Wales
Baptist College, Bangor; Lecturer in
Semitic Languages,

College.

Bangor.

Testament Exegesis, Gottingen.

W..

Professor of New

xxviii

CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME

I

W.

E.

A.

Rev. W.

E.,

M.A., Lecturer in

Old Testament Criticism, Manchester
College, Oxford.

B

ENNETT

, Rev. W. H., M.A., Professor

of Biblical Languages and Literature,
Hackney College, London, and Pro-
fessor of Old Testament Exegesis, New
College, London.

The late W. H., Professor of

Old Testament Exegesis, Leyden.

W.

J.,

M.A., Lecturer in

Classical Philology, University College

of

North Wales, Bangor.

E. B.

W.

H.

K.

W.

W.

W.

M.

M.

MU

LLER

, W. M

AX

, Professor of Old

Testament Literature, Reformed Epis-
copal Church Seminary, Philadelphia.

W.

R.

R

IDGEWAY

, W

ILLIAM

, Professor of

Archaeology, Cambridge.

W.

R.

S.

S

MITH

,

The late W.

Pro-

fessor

of

Arabic, Cambridge.

w. s.

S

ANDAY

, Rev. W

ILLIAM

, D.D.,

Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity,
Canon of Christ Church, Oxford.

NER, C.M.G.,

F.R.S., Director

Royal Gardens, Kew.

T.-D.

THISELTON-DYER, Sir W

ILLIAM

T

UR

-

MAPS

I N VOLUME

I

SYRIA,

AND BABYLONIA

.

.

between cob.

352

and

353

PLAN

OF

BABYLON

.

and417

DISTRICT

OF

DAMASCUS

.