COLLECTIVE NOUNS

Choir

Chór

Gang

Gang

Constellation

Konstelacja gwiazd

Archipelago

Archipelag

Staff

Personel, pracownicy

Navy

Marynarka wojenna

Fleet

Flota

Mob

Tłum, tłuszcza ludzka, motłoch

Procession

Procesja

Congregation

Kongregacja

Orchard

Sad

Board

Rada, komisja, zarząd

Brood

Potomstwo, młode, miot, zgraja, gromadka

Team

Drużyna

Jury

Ława sędziowska

Cluster

Grono, kiść, grupka, skupisko, zbitka,

Catalogue

Katalog

Convoy

konwój

Bunch

Pęk, bukiet, pęczek, wiązka

Anthology

antologia

Audience

Widownia

Swarm

Rój owadów, chmara, mrowie

Crew

Załoga, ekipa, głownie obsługa samolotu

suite

Komplet mebli, pokoje w hotelu, suita
muzyczna

Herd

Stado koni, tabun

Grove

Zagajnik, gaj, kępa drzew

Copse

Młodnik zagajnik.

Bench

Ława np. Sedziów

Squadron

Eskadra, szwadron

Bundle

Paczka, plik, pakiet

Pack

Paczka, talia kart, wataha wilków, sfora, banda

Flock

Stado owiec, kóz, klucz ptaków

POSITION OF ADVERB

–

mostly follow verb and object if there is one. (I like coffee very much.)

–

Mustn't put adverb between verb and its object (She sang the song beautifully).

–

If we want to emphasize how an action is performed – adverb of manner, if it is one word, is
put between subject and verb (He quickly shut the door when the teacher came in.)

–

adverbs of manner – mostly with -ly, also: hard late fast.

–

If there are several adverbs in a sentence the usual order is: MANNER (how?) - PLACE
(where?) - TIME (when?) : They have been studying hard at home all day.

–

If there is a verb of movement, we often put the adverb of place straight after the verb: They
walked to the theatre in a hurry last night.

–

We often put the adverb of time right at the beginning of the sentence: Yesterday he flew to
Berlin by the afternoon plane.

–

If there is more than one of the same type adverb, we put more exact before the general: He
was born at 4.45 in the Morning on June 24

th

, 1943.

–

If there are two adverbs of manner, we put shorter first and often joint it to longer with 'and':
Press it firmly and continously.

–

In a passive sentence adverbs of manner are usually put before the past participle: That
house has been badly damaged.

PRE-VERB ADVERBS

–

generally put before the verb

–

still, just, already, yet

–

these are adverbs of frequency: seldom, generally, sometimes, usually, never etc.

–

Also restrictive adverbs: partly, largely, in no way, wholly, scarcely, hardly, little, etc.

–

Correct position below

POSITION AND ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

–

OPSHACOM – opinion, shape, age, colour, origin, material + noun if needed.

–

If two adjectives are exact, we put the shorter first

–

two adjectives are joined by and for greater emphasis.

–

General and subjectives before most specific and objective

–

certain types of adjectives come immediately beofre word they describe

–

colours – a big red book

–

styles – a tall gothic building

–

nationality – a clever French girl

–

nouns used adjectively – a paper bag

–

if adjective is itself qualified by a phrase, we must put it after the noun it describes: The
students, tired of studying, went out of play.

–

In written English we often put two adjectives joined by 'and' after the noun they describe:
The players, tired and muddy, returned from the match.

BOTH and ALL

–

with compund tenses:

–

Both my brothers have passed their exams.

–

My brothers have both passed their exams.

–

with simple tenses

–

All the family enjoyed the picnic.

–

The family all enjoyed the picnic.

–

with the verb 'to be'

–

All my flowers are dead.

–

My flowers are all dead.