COLLECTIVE NOUNS
Choir
Chór
Gang
Gang
Constellation
Konstelacja gwiazd
Archipelago
Archipelag
Staff
Personel, pracownicy
Navy
Marynarka wojenna
Fleet
Flota
Mob
Tłum, tłuszcza ludzka, motłoch
Procession
Procesja
Congregation
Kongregacja
Orchard
Sad
Board
Rada, komisja, zarząd
Brood
Potomstwo, młode, miot, zgraja, gromadka
Team
Drużyna
Jury
Ława sędziowska
Cluster
Grono, kiść, grupka, skupisko, zbitka,
Catalogue
Katalog
Convoy
konwój
Bunch
Pęk, bukiet, pęczek, wiązka
Anthology
antologia
Audience
Widownia
Swarm
Rój owadów, chmara, mrowie
Crew
Załoga, ekipa, głownie obsługa samolotu
suite
Komplet mebli, pokoje w hotelu, suita
muzyczna
Herd
Stado koni, tabun
Grove
Zagajnik, gaj, kępa drzew
Copse
Młodnik zagajnik.
Bench
Ława np. Sedziów
Squadron
Eskadra, szwadron
Bundle
Paczka, plik, pakiet
Pack
Paczka, talia kart, wataha wilków, sfora, banda
Flock
Stado owiec, kóz, klucz ptaków
POSITION OF ADVERB
–
mostly follow verb and object if there is one. (I like coffee very much.)
–
Mustn't put adverb between verb and its object (She sang the song beautifully).
–
If we want to emphasize how an action is performed – adverb of manner, if it is one word, is
put between subject and verb (He quickly shut the door when the teacher came in.)
–
adverbs of manner – mostly with -ly, also: hard late fast.
–
If there are several adverbs in a sentence the usual order is: MANNER (how?) - PLACE
(where?) - TIME (when?) : They have been studying hard at home all day.
–
If there is a verb of movement, we often put the adverb of place straight after the verb: They
walked to the theatre in a hurry last night.
–
We often put the adverb of time right at the beginning of the sentence: Yesterday he flew to
Berlin by the afternoon plane.
–
If there is more than one of the same type adverb, we put more exact before the general: He
was born at 4.45 in the Morning on June 24
th
, 1943.
–
If there are two adverbs of manner, we put shorter first and often joint it to longer with 'and':
Press it firmly and continously.
–
In a passive sentence adverbs of manner are usually put before the past participle: That
house has been badly damaged.
PRE-VERB ADVERBS
–
generally put before the verb
–
still, just, already, yet
–
these are adverbs of frequency: seldom, generally, sometimes, usually, never etc.
–
Also restrictive adverbs: partly, largely, in no way, wholly, scarcely, hardly, little, etc.
–
Correct position below
POSITION AND ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
–
OPSHACOM – opinion, shape, age, colour, origin, material + noun if needed.
–
If two adjectives are exact, we put the shorter first
–
two adjectives are joined by and for greater emphasis.
–
General and subjectives before most specific and objective
–
certain types of adjectives come immediately beofre word they describe
–
colours – a big red book
–
styles – a tall gothic building
–
nationality – a clever French girl
–
nouns used adjectively – a paper bag
–
if adjective is itself qualified by a phrase, we must put it after the noun it describes: The
students, tired of studying, went out of play.
–
In written English we often put two adjectives joined by 'and' after the noun they describe:
The players, tired and muddy, returned from the match.
BOTH and ALL
–
with compund tenses:
–
Both my brothers have passed their exams.
–
My brothers have both passed their exams.
–
with simple tenses
–
All the family enjoyed the picnic.
–
The family all enjoyed the picnic.
–
with the verb 'to be'
–
All my flowers are dead.
–
My flowers are all dead.