Źródło:

http://www.biooncology.com/tumor-types/lung-cancer/index.html

Lung Cancer

Disease Information

Genentech BioOncology is dedicated to advancing the science of lung cancer therapy
through comprehensive research and education. Lung cancers typically arise from
epithelial linings of air passages.1 The presence of lung tumors may be confirmed from a
variety of sources, including the sputum, pleural fluid, or other lung samples. Depending
upon the cellular morphology under a microscope, lung cancer is broadly divided into 2
main types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

SCLC: Approximately 13% of lung cancers belong to the SCLC category. This type of lung
cancer is a more aggressive form of the disease and tends to spread quickly.

NSCLC: A vast majority of lung cancers (≈87%) belong to the NSCLC category.2 Based on
histologic features, NSCLC is further divided into 3 main subtypes, namely
adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinomas typically arise from thin, flat squamous cells; in contrast,
adenocarcinomas arise from mucus-secreting cells that line the alveoli.

Demographic Statistics

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men (second only to prostate
cancer) and women (second only to breast cancer), accounting for ≈15% of all new
cancers diagnosed.

Lung cancer mainly afflicts older people, with a reported average age of 71 years at the
time of diagnosis; fewer than 3% of lung cancers are detected in people younger than 45
years.

The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2010, 222,520 new cases of lung cancer
were diagnosed in the United States (116,750 men and 105,770 women).1 Studies indicate
that African American men are ≈40% more likely to develop lung cancer than Caucasian
men.

More people succumb to lung cancer than to colon, breast, and prostate cancers
combined.1 Current estimates indicate that more than 400,000 lung cancer survivors live in
the United States today.

The American Cancer Society estimates 157,300 lung cancer deaths to occur annually
(86,220 men and 71,080 women), accounting for ≈28% of all cancer deaths.

Epidemiology

Several risk factors have been identified that make people more susceptible to lung
cancer:

Źródło:

http://www.biooncology.com/tumor-types/lung-cancer/index.html

Smoking is a leading risk factor for lung cancer, accounting for ≈87% of lung cancer
deaths.

Second-hand smoke also remains a major cause for concern, accounting for ≈3,000 lung
cancer deaths each year.

People who quit smoking before they reach age 50 reduce their risk of dying from lung
cancer by half in the next 15 years, compared with those who continue to smoke.

Additional risk factors for lung cancer include exposure to asbestos fibers, diesel exhaust,
radiation, and high levels of arsenic in the drinking water.

VOCABULARY

Lung cancer – rak płuc
Epithelial – nabłonkowy
Lining - wyściółka
Tumor – guz, nowotwór
Sputum – plwocina1
Pleural fluid – płyn opłucnowy
Cellular – komórkowy
Morphology – morfologia
Cell – komórka
Adenocarcinoma – gruczolakorak, rak gruczołowy
Squamous cell carcinoma – rak płaskokomórkowy
Large cell carcinoma – rak wielkokomórkowy
Squamous – łuskowy, łuskowaty
Mucus - śluz
Mucus-secreting – wydzielający śluz
Alveoli – pęcherzyki
Prostate cancer – rak prostaty
Breast cancer – rak piersi
Afflict – dotknąć (chorobą, cierpieniem)
Soccumb (+to) – ulec (chorobie), umrzeć
Risk factor – czynnik ryzyka, czynnik zwiększający niebezpieczeństwo zapadnięcia na daną chorobę
Susceptible (+to) – podatny, wrażliwy
Arsenic – arsen

1

wykrztuszana wydzielina dróg oddechowych pochodząca z oskrzeli, krtani i nosa; plwocina nie zawiera śliny pochodzącej z

jamy ustnej, zawierająca śluz, komórki i ewentualne składniki patologiczne na przykład krew, bakterie, wydzielinę ropną