C. IVLII CAESARIS

Commentarii

De Bello Gallico

Ex Libris I, IV, V

Discipvlis Legenda

Edidit

Hans H. Ørberg

LATIN-ENGLISH

VOCABULARY

ABBREVIATIONS

abl

ablative

acc

accusative

adj

adjective

adv

adverb

comp

comparative

conj

conjunctive

dat

dative

f

feminine

fut

future

gen

genitive

ger

gerund

indecl

indeclinable

inf

infinitive

m

masculine

n

neuter

pass

passive

perf

perfect

pl

plural

prp

preposition

sg

singular

subj

subjunctive

sup

superlative

Missing words can be found in Latin-English Vocabulary I, the vocabulary for Lingva Latina per
se Illvstrata, Pars I: Familia Romana.

Document typeset with L

A

TEX based on the PDF document available at http://focusbookstore.

com/LLdownloads.aspx, with minor changes.

A
ab/ā (mīlibus passuum…)

at a distance of

ab-dere -didisse -ditum

hide

ab-esse: nōn multum abest

quīn +subj

little is wanting (but) that

abies -etis f

fir

ab-sistere

stop, refrain

abs-tinēre

abstain (from)

ac see atque
ac-cēdere

be added

accēdit (quod/ut)

moreover…

accersere -īvisse -ītum

fetch

āctuārius -a -um (nāvis)

fast-moving (with sails and

oars)

ad (: ferē)

about, approximately

ad-aequāre

come up to, equal

ad-dūcere

bring, lead

in cōnsuētūdinem a.

accustom

adductus +abl

prompted, impelled

ad-eō

so (very), to such an extent

ad-haerēre -sisse -sum

cling, stick

ad-hibēre

bring in, summon

ad-hortārī

encourage, urge on

ad-igere -ēgisse -āctum

drive, hurl

ad-ipīscī -eptum

obtain, win

aditus -ūs m

access, coming

adiūtor -ōris m

helper, supporter

ad-ministrāre

perform, organize

ad-mittere

admit, allow, give rein

equō admissō

at a gallop

ad-modum adv

very much, greatly, quite, no

less than

ad-monēre

advise, urge

ad-orīrī

attack, assault

adventus -ūs m

approach, arrival

adversus -a -um: adversā

nocte

in the face of night

in adversum ōs

straight in the face

ad-vertere: animum a.

notice

ad-volāre

rush

aedificium -ī n

building, farmhouse

aegrē adv, sup aegerrimē

hardly, with difficulty

aequāre

make equal

aequus -a -um

(locus) level, even; fair, just

aes aeris n

copper, bronze

aestus -ūs m

tide, current

af-flīctāre

shatter

af-flīgere -xisse -ctum

strike, shatter

af-fore fut inf = af-futūrum

esse < ad- esse

‘would be present’

Āfricus -ī m

south-west wind

ager agrī m

territory, country

agere (cum, inter sē)

talk, discuss

agger -is m

earthwork, ramp

ag-gredī -ior -gressum

attack

ag-gregāre, sē

join, follow

alacer -cris -cre

eager, keen

alacritās -ātis f

eagerness, zeal

alere -uisse altum

feed, nourish, support

aliēnus -a -um

unfavorable

ali-quam-diū adv

for some time

ali-quī = aliquis

someone

alius aliā ex nāvī

one from one ship and one

from another

altitūdō -inis f

height, depth

ambō -ae -ō

both

ammentum -ī n

thong

amplitūdō -inis f

size, extent

amplius adv

more

amplus -a -um

large, great

anceps -cipitis adj

undecided

ancora -ae f

anchor

angulus -ī m

angle, corner

angustiae -ārum f pl

narrowness, pass, narrow

passage

angustius adv comp

closer together; more scantily

animus: in a.ō est +dat

have in mind, intend

a.um advertere

notice

a.ī causā

for pleasure

annōtinus -a -um

of last year

ānser -eris m

goose

ante adv

previously, beforehand, above

ante-cēdere

go before, precede

ante-currere

run before

antecursōrēs -um m pl

vanguard

ante-ferre

prefer

ante-pōnere

place before/above

apertus -a -um

uncovered, exposed

ap-pellere -pulisse -pulsum

drive to; pass (of ships) put

in, sail (to)

aptus -a -um (ad)

fitted (for)

aqua -ae f

water, water-clock (to mea-

sure time)

aquārī

fetch water

aquātiō -ōnis f

fetching of water

aquili-fer -ferī m

standard-bearer

arbiter -trī m

assessor, umpire

ārdēre -sisse

burn, be inflamed

argilla -ae f

clay

āridus -a -um

dry; n dry land

armāmenta -ōrum n pl

rigging

armāre

equip, rig

armātī -ōrum m pl

armed men

ar-ripere -iō -uisse -reptum

seize, grab

ascēnsus -ūs m

ascent, way of ascending

a-scīscere -īvisse -ītum

admit

asper -era -erum

hard, severe

as-suē-facere

accustom

atque/ac: (pār) a.

as

(aliter) a.

than

contrā a.

contrary to

at-texere -uisse -xtum

weave on

at-tingere -tigisse -tāctum

adjoin, reach

at-tribuere -uisse -ūtum

assign

auctor -ōris m

one who advocates,

sup-

porter, adviser

a. esse

propose

auctōritās -ātis f

authority, prestige

audācter adv

boldly

3

audītiō -ōnis f

hearsay, report

aurīga -ae m

charioteer

auxiliārī

give help

auxilium: dat auxiliō

(venīre/mittere)

to the assistance (of)

ā-vertere

turn away, divert

āversus

with the back turned

avus -ī m

grandfather

B
balteus -ī m

baldric

bellāre

wage war

bellicōsus -a -um

warlike

benevolēns -entis adj

friendly

benevolentia -ae f

goodwill

bīduum -ī n

two days

biennium -ī n

two years

bi-pertītō adv

in two parts

bonitās -ātis f

good quality

breviārium -ī n

abstract, summary

brevitās -ātis f

shortness

brūma -ae f

winter solstice

C
cadere cecidisse

fall (in battle), be killed

caeruleus -a -um

blue

caespes -itis m

turf

calamitās -ātis f

disaster, defeat

capere (locum)

reach

cōnsilium c.

form a plan, make a decision

captīvus -ī m

prisoner of war

captus -ūs m

capacity, notion

caput (fluviī)

mouth

capita pl

individuals

carrus -ī m

waggon

casa -ae f

cottage, hut

castellum -ī n

fort, stronghold

cāsus -ūs m

chance, accident, fortune

cāsū

accidentally

causa -ae f

situation

celeritās -ātis f

speed, swiftness

cēnsus -ūs m

census

centuria -ae f

century (unit of up to 100 sol-

diers, 1/6 of a cohort)

centuriō -ōnis m

centurion (officer command-

ing a century)

certiōrem facere

inform

pass certior fierī

be informed, learn

cibāria -ōrum n pl

food, provisions

circu(m)-īre

go round

circu-itus -ūs m

circumference

circum-cīdere

cut out

circum-mittere

send round

circum-sistere -stetisse

gather round, surround

circum-spicere

look round (for)

circum-venīre

surround

cis prp +acc

on the near side of

citātus -a -um

moving quickly

citerior -ius

nearer

citus -a -um

quick

adv citō, sup citissimē

fast, quickly

cīvitās -ātis f

state, citizens (of a state)

clādēs -is f

disaster, defeat

clam adv

secretly

clāmitāre

shout

clārus -a -um

famous; (vōx) loud

cliēns -entis m

client

coāctū +gen

under compulsion

co-emere

buy

cōgere coēgisse coāctum

bring together, assemble, collect

cognitus -a -um

known

co-hortārī

exhort, encourage

col-laudāre

praise, commend

col-ligāre

tie up, fix together

col-ligere -lēgisse -lēctum

collect

sē colligere

recover

col-locāre

put, place, station, set up

comb-ūrere -ussisse -ustum

burn

com-meāre

come and go, travel

commeātus -ūs m

supplies, provisions; passage,

convoy

com-mendāre

entrust, commit

commentārius -ī m

record

comminus adv

at close quarters

com-mittere

commit, do

proelium c.

join battle

+dat

entrust

commodum -ī n

advantage, convenience;

commodō +gen

without inconveniencing

commodus -a -um

convenient, advantageous

adv -ē

readily, easily

com-movēre

trouble, frighten

commūnicāre (cum)

communicate, discuss, consult

com-mūnīre

fortify

com-mūtāre

change

commūtātiō -ōnis f

change

com-parāre

prepare, provide

com-pellere -pulisse -pulsum drive (together)
comperīre -erisse -ertum

find out, learn, be told

com-portāre

carry, bring (together)

com-prehendere

catch hold of, seize, arrest

ignem c.

catch fire

cōnātus -ūs m

effort, attempt

con-cēdere

give in, yield, concede, allow

con-cidere -disse

fall down

con-cīdere -disse -sum

cut down, kill

concilium -ī n

assembly, public meeting

con-citāre

incite, stir up

con-clāmāre

shout, cry out

con-currere

hurry together

concursāre

run to and fro

con-cursus -ūs m

gathering, concourse, running

about; (nāvium) collision

con-dere -didisse -ditum

found

ab urbe conditā

from the founding of the city

condiciō -ōnis f

condition, terms, (legal) po-

sition

con-dūcere

hire

cōn-fectus -a -um +abl

worn out, exhausted

4

cōn-ferre con-tulisse

col-lātum

bring together, collect

sē cōnferre

go, resort

cōnfertus -a -um

close, in close order

cōnfestim adv

at once

cōn-fīdere -fīsum esse

trust, have confidence in

+acc +inf

be sure

cōn-fīnium -ī n

boundary

cōn-fīrmāre

establish, secure, strengthen

+acc +inf

confirm

cōn-flagrāre

be destroyed by fire

cōnflīctāre

strike, harass

cōn-flīgere -xisse -ctum

clash

cōnfluēns -entis m

confluence

cōn-fluere

flow together, meet

con-gredī -ior -gressum

meet

con-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

throw

in fugam c.

put to flight

in vincula c.

put in chains

culpam c. in

lay the blame on

con-iūrātiō -ōnis f

conspiracy, plot

con-quīrere

search out

cōnsanguineus -a -um

related; m relative, kinsman

cōn-scrībere

write; (mīlitēs) enlist, enrol

cōnsectārī

pursue, hunt down

cōn-sentīre

be in agreement, agree

cōn-sequī

follow, reach, acquire, gain,

win

cōn-sīdere

take up a position, encamp,

settle

cōnsilium -ī n

deliberation, decision, inten-

tion, judgement, discre-
tion; council (of war)

cōn-similis -e

similar, like

cōn-sistere -stitisse

halt, stop, take one’s stand

cōnspectus -ūs m: in

cōnspectū +gen

before the eyes of

cōn-spicārī

catch sight of, see

cōnstāre: cōnstat +acc +inf it is apparent, it is plain
cōnstīpāre, sē

crowd together

cōn-stituere

place, locate; appoint

cōn-suēr- = cōn-suēver-, -suēvēr-

cōn-suēss- = cōn-sēviss-

cōn-suēscere -ēvisse

become accustomed, accus-

tom oneself

perf cōn-suēvisse

be accustomed /used (to), be

in the habit of; usually
(do)

cōnsuētūdō -inis f

usage, habit, practice, cus-

tom

cōnsul -is m

consul

cōn-sulere -uisse -sultum

consult, deliberate

+dat

consult the interests of, show

consideration for

cōnsultāre

deliberate, debate

cōnsultō adv

deliberately

cōn-surgere

stand up, rise

contabulāre

cover with boards, equip with

floors

contemptiō -ōnis f

scorn, contempt

con-tendere

make an effort, strive, hasten,

contend, fight

contentiō -ōnis f

conflict, contention

con-testārī

call to witness

continēns -entis adj

uninterrupted

continēns -entis f (abl -ī)

continent

continenter adv

continuously

con-tinēre

keep together, keep, confine,

limit

con-tingere -tigisse -tāctum

touch, be in contact with

continuus -a -um

continuous, successive

cōntiō -ōnis f

assembly, parade

contrā atque

contrary to

con-trahere (nāvēs)

draw together, gather, reduce

in size, contract

contrōversia -ae f

dispute

contumēlia -ae f

indignity, affront

convallis -is f

narrow valley

con-venīre +acc

meet

conventus -ūs m

meeting, assize

co-orīrī

arise, break out

cōpia -ae f

supply

cōpiae -ārum f pl

forces, troops

cōpiōsus -a -um

rich

cōram adv

before his own eyes

cotīdiānus -a -um

daily

crātis -is f

wickerwork

crēber -bra -brum, sup

-errimus

close together, frequent

cruciātus -ūs m

torture

culpa -ae f

blame, fault

cultūra -ae f

cultivation

cultus -ūs m

standard of living, civilization

cūnctārī

linger, hesitate

cūrāre +acc +ger

undertake, have (something

done)

cursus -ūs m

running, speed, passage

cūstōdia -ae f

guard

D
dē (III vigiliā)

starting with, at

dē-cēdere

go away, retire

decem et octō

eighteen

dē-cernere -crēvisse -crētum decide, decree
dē-certāre

fight it out, fight to a finish

dēclīvis -e

sloping

decuria -ae f

squad of ten cavalrymen

decuriō -ōnis m

officer commanding a decuria

decus -oris n

honor

dē-decus -oris n

disgrace

dē-dere (sē)

give up, surrender

dēditīcius -a -um

having surrendered

dēditiō -ōnis f

surrender

dē-dūcere

lead away, remove, conduct,

(nāvem) launch

dēfectiō -ōnis f

defection, revolt

dēfēnsor -ōris m

defender

dē-ferre

bring, carry, report

dē-fessus -a -um

worn out

dē-fetīgāre

exhaust, wear out

5

dē-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum

run short, fail, revolt, defect

dē-fīgere

fix, plant

dē-fluere

flow

dē-fōrmis -e

misshapen, ugly

dē-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

throw down, divert, (spē) dis-

appoint

deinceps adv

in succession, in turn

dē-līberāre

deliberate, consider

dē-ligāre

tie, fasten

dē-ligere -lēgisse -lēctum

choose, pick out

dē-litēscere -tuisse

hide, go into hiding

dē-mēns -entis adj

mad, insane

dēmentia -ae f

madness, insanity

dēmere -mpsisse -mptum

take away, remove

dē-metere − -messum

mow

dē-migrāre

go away, move

dē-mittere, sē

go down, descend

dē-mōnstrāre

indicate, point out, explain,

describe

dēnsus -a -um

thick

dē-perīre

perish, be lost

dē-pōnere

lay down, put, place, aban-

don

dē-populārī/-āre

sack, plunder

dē-precārī

beg relief, plead for

dēprecātor -ōris m

one who pleads for someone,

intercessor

dē-prehendere

seize, intercept

dēsertus -a -um

deserted

dēscendere ad (cōnsilium)

resort to

dēsīderāre +acc +inf

want, require; pass be miss-

ing

dē-sistere -stitisse +abl

cease from

dēspērātiō -ōnis f

despair

dē-stringere -strīnxisse

-strictum

(gladium) draw

dētrīmentum -ī n

harm, loss

dē-turbāre

dislodge

dē-vehere

convey, transport

diēs -ēī m/f

(fixed) day, time

in diēs

day by day

dif-ferre

differ, be different

dif-ferre dis-tulisse dī-lātum

scatter, disperse

difficultās -ātis f

difficulty

dif-fīdere

have no confidence in, dis-

trust

dignitās -ātis f

dignity

dī-iūdicāre

settle, decide

dīmicāre

fight

dīmidium -ī n

half

d.ō minor

half as big

dī-mittere

send off (in different direc-

tions); give up control of,
abandon; let go

dīs dītis adj (= dīves), sup

dītissimus

rich, wealthy

dis-cēdere ab armīs

give up arms

dis-cessus -ūs m

departure

disciplīna -ae f

training, discipline

dis-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

scatter

dis-pār -paris adj

unequal

di-spergere -sisse -sum

scatter

dis-pōnere

distribute, post, station

dis-putāre

argue, debate

disputātiō -īnis f

discussion, debate, dispute

dissēnsiō -ōnis f

disagreement, dissension

dis-sentīre

disagree

dis-simulāre

conceal, dissemble

dis-tribuere

distribute

dis-tul- < dif-ferre
dītissimus -a -um sup < dīs dītis
diūtinus -a -um

lasting, prolonged

docēre +acc +inf

tell, inform, declare

dolus -ī m

deceit, guile, trickery

domāre -uisse -itum

tame, subdue

domesticus -a -um

domestic, internal

dubitāre

waver, hesitate

dubitātiō -ōnis f

doubt

dūcere +acc +inf

consider

dum conj +subj

until

duodēnī -ae -a

twelve each

duplex -icis adj

double

duplicāre

double

dūrus -a -um

hard, severe

E
eā adv

that way

ē-dūcere

lead out

ef-fēmināre

unman, enervate

ef-ferre ex-tulisse ē-lātum

carry out

efferrī (victōriā)

be elated, exult

ef-fugere +acc

escape from

ē-gredī -ior -gressum

go out

ēgressus -ūs m

going out, (ē nāvibus) disem-

barcation, landing

ē-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

throw out, turn out

sē ēicere

rush out

eius-modī

of that kind, such

ē-lābī -lāpsum

slip out, manage to get out

ē-licere -iō -uisse -itum

entice, lure out

ē-mittere

send out, let go

eō +comp

so much (the more/ less)

eō adv

for that reason

eō quod

because

eō ut

in order that

eō-dem adv

to the same place, to the

same purpose

ephippiātus -a -um

furnished with an ephippium

ephippium -ī n

saddle-cloth

epistola -ae f

letter

eques (Rōmānus)

knight, member of the eques-

trian order

equester -tris -tre

cavalry-

errāre (= fallī)

be mistaken

ēruptiō -ōnis f

sally, sortie

essedārius -ī m

fighter in a war-chariot

essedum -ī n

war-chariot

ē-vellere

tear out, pull out

ē-venīre

turn out, happen

ēventus -ūs m

outcome, event

6

ē-vocāre

call out, summon

ex-agitāre

stir up, harass

exāmināre

weigh

ex-animāre

kill

ex-cēdere (+abl)

go out, go away, leave

ex-cipere

follow after, succeed

ex-citāre

build, erect

ex-clūdere -sisse -sum

shut out, exclude, prevent

exemplum -ī n

precedent, model

exercitāre

train, exercise

exercitātiō -ōnis f

exercise, training

exiguitās -ātis f

smallness, scantiness

exīstimātiō -ōnis f

opinion, judgement

expedītiō -ōnis f

raid, expedition

ex-pedītus -a -um

ready for action, moving eas-

ily; easy

ex-pellere -pulisse -pulsum

(+abl)

drive out, expel, banish

ex-perīrī -pertum

try, attempt

ex-piāre

make amends, atone for

ex-plōrāre

investigate, explore

explōrātor -ōris m

scout, spy

explōrātus -a -um

secured, certain

ex-pōnere

put out, put on shore, land;

expose, display

ex-portāre

carry out, take away

ex-sistere -stitisse

emerge, arise

ex-stāre

project, stand out

ex-stinguere -stīnxisse

-stīnctum

extinguish, wipe out

ex-trahere

protract, spend (time)

extrēmus -a -um

outermost, hindmost, last

ad extrēmum

finally

ex-uere -uisse -ūtum

deprive

ex-ūrere -ussisse -ustum

destroy by fire

F
factū supine II : optimum f.

the best to be done

facultās -ātis f

possibility, opportunity

fāgus -ī f

beech-tree

falx -cis f

sickle-like hook fitted on a

long pole, siege-hook

familiāris -is m/f

close friend

familiāritās -ātis f

close friendship

fās n indecl

right, proper

femur -oris/-inis n

thigh

ferrāmenta -ōrum n pl

iron tools

ferre: ut fert illōrum opīniō

as far as their opinion goes

fervē-facere

heat

fervēfactus

red-hot, incandescent

fervēns -entis adj

red-hot

ficta -ōrum n pl

made-up stories

fidēs -eī f

trust,

guarantee,

promise,

protection, credibility, al-
legiance

figūra -ae f

form, shape

fīnēs -ium m pl

land, territory

fingere fīnxisse fictum

make up, invent

ficta n pl

made-up stories

fīnīre

form the boundary of

fīnitimus -a -um (+dat)

bordering, neighboring; m pl

neighboring people

fīrmus -a -um (adv -iter)

strong, firm, steady

flamma -ae f

flame, fire

flētus -ūs m

weeping

flōrēre

bloom, flourish

fore fut inf < esse/fierī

‘would be, would happen’

fortitūdō -inis f

bravery

fortūnae -ārum f pl

property

fremitus -ūs m

roar, growl

frequēns

numerous

quam freqentissimī

in the greatest possible number

frūmentārī

gather corn, forage

frūmentārius -a -um

corn-, corn-producing

rēs f.a

corn-supply

fuga -ae f

in fugam dare, put to flight

fugitīvus -ī m

runaway, fugitive

fūmus -ī m

smoke

funda -ae f

sling

fundere fūdisse fūsum:

(proeliō) f.

rout

fūnis -is m

rope

fūsilis -e

molten, fusible

G
gallīna -ae f

hen

gaudēre gavīsum

be glad, rejoice

genus -eris n

stock, descent

gerere gessisse gestum

carry on, perform, do

rēs gesta

action, event, achievement

glāns -andis f

acorn, acorn-shaped missile

grātia -ae f

favor, popularity

grātulārī

congratulate

grātulātiō -ōnis f

congratulation

gravitās -ātis f

heaviness, weight, importance

H
habēre

regard

magnī h.

value highly

in hostium numerō h.

regard as enemies

hīberna -ōrum n pl

winter camp

hiemāre

pass the winter

historia -ae f

history

hōc abl +comp: hōc facilius

so much the more easily

honestus -a -um

honorable

honōs -ōris m

esteem, honor

horridus -a -um

rough, horrible

hospitium -ī n

tie between host and guest,

hospitable relations

hūmānitās -ātis f

civilization

hūmānus -a -um

civilized

humilis -e

humble

humilitās -ātis f

lowness, lowliness

I
iaculum -ī n

throwing-spear, javelin

ictus -ūs m

stroke, impact

idcircō adv

for that reason, therefore

ignōbilis -e

not well known, obscure

ignōscere +dat

forgive

7

il-lāt- < īn-ferre
illō adv

to that place, to that end

illūstris -e

clear, lucid

immānis -e

vast, tremendous

im-mittere

throw, hurl

impedīmenta -ōrum n pl

baggage

impedīmentum -ī n

hindrance

impedīre

encumber, hinder, impede

impedītus -a -um

hindered from moving freely,

encumbered

im-pellere -pulisse -pulsum

impel

im-pendēre

overhang, tower

impēnsus -a -um

excessive

imperāre

rule, hold power

+acc (+dat)

order, levy, requisition

imperātum -ī n

command, order

im-perītus -a -um (+gen)

ignorant (of)

impetrāre

obtain (by request)

impetus -ūs m

impulse, onset

im-portāre

import

im-prōvīsus -a -um: dē -ō

unexpectedly, without warn-

ing

im-prūdēns -entis adj

ignorant, unaware

imprūdentia -ae f

ignorance, unawareness, im-

prudence

impulsus -ūs m

impulse, instigation

inānis -e

empty

in-cendere -disse -cēnsum

set on fire

incendium -ī n

fire, conflagration

in-citāre

cause to move fast, urge on,

spur on, impel

in-cognitus -a -um

unknown

in-colere

dwell, live

in-commodus -a -um, adv

incommodē

inconvenient

incommodum -ī n

harm, disadvantage, misfor-

tune, setback

in-crēdibilis -e

incredible

in-currere

rush in, charge

incursiō -ōnis f

inroad, raid

in-dūcere -xisse -ductum

lead, induce, prompt

indūtiae -ārum f pl

armistice

in-ers -ertis adj

inactive, lazy, idle

īn-ferre in-tulisse il-lātum

cause, inflict

signa ī.

advance to the attack

bellum ī. (+dat)

make war (on)

īn-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum

dye

īn-fīnītus -a -um

infinite, great

īnfīrmitās -ātis f

weakness (of character), un-

reliability

īn-fīrmus -a -um

weak

īn-flectere

bend

īnfrā adv

below, further down

in-gredī -ior -gressum

enter, get in

in-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

throw in

+dat

instil, inspire (with)

in-īquus -a -um

uneven, unfavorable

in-īre

enter on, begin

cōnsilium i.

form a plan

in-iussū +gen

without orders

in-opīnāns -antis adj

unprepared

īn-scius -a -um

unaware

īn-sequī

follow closely, pursue

īnsidiae -ārum f pl

ambush, plot, treachery

īnsigne -is n

distinctive mark

īnsignis -e

conspicuous, sensational

īn-sinuāre, sē

make one’s way in

īn-sistere -stitisse

stand, take one’s stand

īn-stabilis -e

unsteady

īn-stāre

press on, attack

īn-stituere -uisse -ūtum

put up, set up, institute,

start on, instruct

īnstitūtum -ī n

custom, institution

īnstruere -ūxisse -ūctum

build, equip

īnstrūmentum -ī n

equipment

īn-suēfacere

accustom

integer -gra -grum

fresh

inter-cēdere

come in between, be inter-

posed

inter-cipere -iō -cēpisse

-ceptum

cut off, intercept

inter-clūdere -sisse -sum

cut off, stop

inter-dīcere

forbid

inter-diū adv

by day

inter-esse +dat

take part in

interior -ius

interior, inner; m pl peoples

of the interior

inter-īre

perish, die, be killed

interitus -ūs m

death

inter-mittere

interrupt, leave off, leave (un-

used), miss

(tempore) intermissō

after a lapse of

inter-pōnere

put between, insert, interpose

fidem i.

pledge one’s word

interpres -etis m

intermediary, interpreter

intervāllum -ī n

interval, distance

intro-īre

come inside, enter

introitus -ūs m

entrance

intrō-rumpere

break in

intus adv

inside

in-ūsitātus -a -um

unusual, unfamiliar

in-ūtilis -e

useless

inveterāscere -rāvisse

become old, become established

in-vicem

in their turn

in-vītāre

urge, invite

invītus -a -um

unwilling, against one’s wishes

eō invītō

against his will

ir-rumpere

break in

ita: nōn +adj

not very…

iter itineris n

route, march, day’s march

magnīs itineribus

by forced marches

iūdicāre

judge, decide, consider

iūdicium -ī n

judgement, decision

iugum -ī n

yoke; (montis) ridge

sub i. mittere

send under the yoke (humili-

ating defeated army)

iūmentum -ī n

beast of burden, draught-

animal (horse, mule…)

iūrāre

swear

-ius adv comp

too…

8

iūs iūrandum

oath

iūstitia -ae f

justice

L
lābī lāpsum

lapse, fall into error

labōrāre

be distressed, be in trouble

labōriōsus -a -um

hard, laborious

lacessere

challenge, provoke

laetātiō -ōnis f

rejoicing

lapis -idis m

stone

largītiō -ōnis f

largesse, bribery

lassitūdō -inis f

weariness

lassus -a -um

weary

lātē adv, comp lātius, sup

lātissimē

widely

longē lātēque

far and wide

lātitūdō -inis f

breadth, width

lēgātiō -ōnis f

delegation

lēgātus -ī m

delegate, envoy; staff-officer,

legate

lēnis -e, adv comp lēnius

slow, gentle, light

lēnitās -ātis f

slowness, gentleness

lepus -oris m

hare

levāre +abl

free from, relieve of

levis -e

irresponsible, fickle

levitās -ātis f

lightness

līberālis -e, adv līberāliter

generous, noble

ligāre

fasten, tie

lignārī

collect firewood

lignātiō -ōnis f

collecting of firewood

lignātor -ōris m

one who collects firewood

linter -tris m

light boat

līs lītis f

dispute

litterae pūblicae

documents, records

locus -ī m

scope, opportunity; position,

rank, status

obsidum locō

as hostages

longē adv

far; +sup by far…

longinquus -a -um

far-off, remote; long, pro-

longed

longitūdō -inis f

length

longius adv comp

further, longer

lōrīca -ae f

cuirass, parapet

lūx lūcis f

daylight

prīma lūx

dawn, daybreak

M
magnī habēre

value highly

magnitūdō -inis f

size, force

magnopere

urgently, greatly

māiōrēs -um m pl

ancestors

m. nātū

elders, seniors

mandāre

order

sē fugae m.

take to flight, fly

mandātum -ī n

order, commission

manēre mānsisse

remain

manus -ūs f

armed force, troop

manūs dare

surrender, give up

matara -ae f

Gallic throwing-spear

māteria -ae f

wood, timber

mātrimōnium -ī n

marriage

in m. dūcere

marry

mātūrāre

make haste, hurry

mātūrus -a -um

premature, early

adv mātūrē, comp mātūrius early

māximam partem adv

mostly

medērī +dat

cure, remedy

mediocris -e

moderate

mediterrāneus -a -um

inland

medius -a -um

the middle of

memoria -ae f

memory

memoriā prōdere

hand down

mēnsūra -ae f

measurement

merērī (dē)

deserve well (of), behave well

(towards)

merīdiānus -a -um

of midday

meritum -ī n

benefit, service

metallum -ī n

metal

mētīrī mēnsum

measure, measure out, ap-

portion

migrāre

migrate, move

mīlia -ium (passuum) n pl

(Roman) mile

missū Caesaris

as Caesar’s envoy

mittere

send word

mōbilis -e

inconstant, fickle

mōbilitās -ātis f

freedom of movement, mobility

moderārī

direct, guide

molere -uisse -itum

grind

mollis -e

(lītus) gentle, open

morārī

stay, linger, check, delay

mōtus -ūs m

motion, movement, commo-

tion, insurrection

movēre, castra

move camp, move forward

multus -a -um: multō diē

in broad daylight

ad multam noctem

till late in the night

mūnītiō -ōnis f

fortification, defense work

mūrālis -e: pīlum mūrāle

spear used to defend walls

N
nancīscī nactum

get, obtain, acquire

nātiō -ōnis f

people, nation

nātū abl

of age

nātus -a -um

born

nātus… locō/ genere

of… descent/rank

nāvālis -e

naval, ships’

nāvigium -ī n

vessel, ship

necessāriō adv

of necessity

necessārius -ī m

kinsman, relative

neglegere -ēxisse -ēctum

neglect, omit

negōtium -ī n

work, difficulty, trouble

nē-quāquam adv

by no means, not at all

nihil adv

in no way, not at all

nōbilitās -ātis f

nobility, the aristocracy, the

nobles

nocēre: pass nocērī +dat

come to harm

noctū adv

by night

nocturnus -a -um

night-, nightly, nocturnal

nōminātim

by name, specifically

nostrī gen (< nōs)

of us

novae rēs

revolution

9

novissimus -a -um

last, hindmost; pl the rear

novitās -ātis f

novelty, unfamiliarity

nūdāre

lay open, expose

numerus: n.ō

in number, in all

ad n.um

to make up the number

obsidum n.ō

as hostages

nummus -ī m sg

coinage

nūtus -ūs m

nod

ad nūtum

at the nod, instantly

O
ob-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

put in front, set before

obiectus +dat

situated opposite to

ob-īre

visit, inspect

ob-lāt- < of-ferre
ob-servāre

observe, follow

obses -idis m/f

hostage

ob-sidēre

besiege, blockade

obsidiō -ōnis f

siege, blockade

obstrictus -a -um

obliged

ob-struere -ūxisse -ūctum

bar, block

ob-temperāre

comply with, obey

ob-tinēre

hold, occupy

ob-tul- < of-ferre
occāsiō -ōnis f

opportunity

occāsus -ūs m

(sōlis) sunset, west

occultus -a -um

hidden, secret

occupāre

seize, occupy

occupātiō -ōnis f

preoccupation

occupātus -a -um

occupied, busy, engaged

oc-currere

encounter, come upon, run

into

of-ferre ob-tulisse ob-lātum

offer, present, expose, deliver

officium -ī n: in officiō

loyal

omnīnō adv

altogether, only, at all

onerāre

load

onerārius -a -um: nāvis

onerāria

cargo vessel

onus -eris n

burden, load, cargo

opīnārī

think, suppose

opīniō -ōnis f

opinion, expectation, reputa-

tion

opportūnus -a -um, adv -ē

convenient, favorable, suit-

able

op-primere -pressisse

-pressum

overpower, overwhelm, crush

oppugnātiō -ōnis f

attack, assault

opus -eris n

work, effort, defense work

(opere mūnītus)

opus esse, pl opus sunt

be needed

ōrātiō -ōnis f

speech, words

ōrātor -ōris m

speaker, envoy

orbis -is m

circle, ring

ōrdō -inis m

rank; century (centuria)

prīmī ōrdinēs

the 6 centuries of the 1

st

cohort, their commanders
(senior centurions)

ōrnātus -ūs m

embellishment

ostendere (verbīs)

declare, point out, explain

ostentāre

display

P
pābulārī

collect fodder, forage

pābulātor -ōris m

forager

pācāre

pacify, subdue

pācātus

settled, peaceful

paenitēre +acc +gen

(cause to) regret, repent

pāgus -ī m

district, tribe

palam adv

openly

palūs -ūdis f

swamp, marsh

pār paris adj

equal

parāre (pretiō)

acquire, buy

parātus -a -um +inf

ready to

pars: quā ex parte

for which reason

trēs partēs

three quarters

māximam partem adv

mostly

parvulus -a -um

small, slight

passim adv

all over the place, in every di-

rection

patēns -entis adj

open, accessible

patēre

extend, stretch

patī +acc +inf

allow

paucitās -ātis f

fewness, small number

pecus -oris n (sg/pl)

livestock, cattle

pedester -tris -tre

pedestrian, infantry-

peditātus -ūs m

infantry

pellis -is f

skin, hide

pendere

pay

per prp +acc

because of

(licet) per mē

with me, on my part

per-agere

carry out, perform

per-cipere -iō -cēpisse

-ceptum

perceive, apprehend

per-contārī

make inquiries, question

percontātiō -ōnis f

inquiry, questioning

per-currere

run over, run along

per-dūcere

conduct,

extend,

prolong,

construct

perendinō diē abl

the day after tomorrow

per-equitāre

ride around

per-exiguus -a -um

very small

per-facilis -e

very easy

per-ferre

convey, deliver, bring news

perfidia -ae f

faithlessness, treachery

per-fringere -frēgisse -frāctum break through
perfuga -ae m

deserter, renegade

per-fugere

take refuge (with the enemy)

perfugium -ī n

place of refuge

perīculum facere

make an attempt, try

perītus -a -um (+gen)

experienced, expert

per-legere

read through

per-manēre -mānsisse

remain, stay

per-mittere

permit, commit, entrust

per-mulcēre -sisse -sum

soothe, calm

per-paucī -ae -a

very few

perpetuum: in p.

for ever

per-rumpere

break through

per-scrībere

write (in full)

per-sequī (bellō)

pursue, press

per-sevērāre

persist

10

per-solvere, poenās

pay the penalty, suffer pun-

ishment

per-spicere -iō -exisse -ectum inspect, discern, see
persuādēre sibi

persuade oneself,

be con-

vinced

persuāsum mihi est

I am convinced

pertinācia -ae f

obstinacy

pertināx -ācis adj

obstinate

per-tinēre

extend

p. (ad)

tend, relate, pertain (to)

per-turbāre

throw into confusion, discom-

pose

perturbātiō -ōnis f

confusion, disturbance

phalanx -ngis f

phalanx

pietās -ātis f

devotion, sense of duty

pīlus -ī m

century (centuria)

pinna -ae f

breastwork, parapet

pius -a -um

devoted, dutiful

plānus -a -um

level, flat

plēbs -bis f

the common people

plumbum -ī n

lead

p. album

tin

plūrimum sup

most of all

poenās persolvere

pay the penalty

pondus -eris n

weight

pōnere (arma)

lay down

spem p. in

place one’s hopes in

positus in

dependent on

pōns pontis m

bridge

populārī

ravage, plunder

populātiō -ōnis f

plundering

porrō

moreover

poscere poposcisse

demand

positus -a -um: p. in

dependent on

posse (plūrimum)

have power

possessiō -ōnis f

possession, holding

pos-sīdere -sēdisse

take possession of

post… quam

after

posteā-quam, posteā… quam after
postrī-diē (eius diēī)

the day after

postulāre +acc +inf

claim

postulātum -ī n

demand

potestās -ātis f

opportunity

potestātem facere

give a chance, allow

potīrī +abl

take possession of, gain con-

trol of

prae-cēdere

precede, surpass

praeceps -cipitis adj

headlong, precipitous

praeceptum -ī n

instruction, order

prae-cipere -iō -cēpisse

-ceptum

command, order

praecipitāre

throw headlong

prae-clūdere -sisse -sum

block

praecō -ōnis m

crier, herald

praeda -ae f

booty

praedārī

rob, plunder

praedicāre

proclaim, declare

praefectus -ī m

officer, commander (of cav-

alry, auxiliary troops)

prae-ficere -iō -fēcisse

-fectum +dat

put in charge of, set over

prae-fīgere

attach by the end

prae-mittere

send in advance, send word

ahead

prae-optāre

prefer

prae-parāre

prepare beforehand

praesēns -entis n

present

in praesēns/praesentia

for the present

praesentia -ae f

presence

p. animī

resolution

praesertim adv

especially

praesidium -ī n

guard, protection, protective

force, garrison

praesidiō dat

in defense

prae-stāre -stitisse

fulfil, show, prove

+dat

be superior

praestat

it is preferable, it is better

praestō esse +dat

be ready, meet

praeter-mittere

omit, let slip

praeter-quam

apart from, except

praetor -ōris m

praetor

prō praetōre

ex-praetor

prae-ūrere

burn at the end

premere pressisse pressum

press, harass, attack

prī-diē

the day before

prīmus -a -um

the front part of, the begin-

ning of

prīnceps -ipis adj

first, leading

prīncipātus -ūs m

chief position

prīstinus -a -um

old, former

p. diēs

the day before

prius quam

before

prīvātim adv

privately

prō prp +abl

in front of; in relation to, con-

sidering, according to; in-
stead of, as

prō praetōre

ex-praetor

probāre

approve of, prove

probārī +dat

be commended by

prō-currere

run forward

prō-dere -didisse -ditum

abandon, betray

memoriā p.

hand down

prōd-īre

go/come forward

prō-dūcere

lead forth; draw out

proeliārī

engage in battle, fight

profectiō -ōnis f

departure

prō-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum achieve
pro-fitērī -fessum

declare, offer

prō-fluere

flow forth, rise

pro-fugere

run away, fly, flee

pro-inde

accordingly

prōmissus -a -um

(capillus) long

prō-nūntiāre

proclaim, announce, relate

prō-pellere

push forward, drive forth,

drive away

propinquus -ī m

relative

propinquitās -ātis f

nearness, proximity

prō-pōnere

put forward, set forth, hold

out, offer

11

proptereā adv

for that reason, therefore

p. quod

because

prō-pugnāre

fight in defense

prō-sequī

pursue

prōspectus -ūs m

view, sight

prosperus -a -um

successful

prō-spicere +dat

provide for

prō-tegere

protect

prō-vehere

carry forth, convey

prō-venīre

come forth, grow up

prō-vidēre

foresee, provide for

prō-vocāre

provoke, challenge

proximē adv

most recently

pulvis -eris m

dust

pūrgāre

clean, purge, excuse

Q
qua f (sī/nē/num qua…)

any

nē qua legiō

so that no legion

quā adv

by which road, where

quae-cumque n pl

whatever, anything that

quaestor -ōris m

quaestor (officer)

quam +sup (potest)

as… as possible

q. māximus

as large as possible

q. plūrimī

as many as possible

q. māximē

as much as possible

quam prīmum

as soon as possible

quam-vīs +adj

no matter how…, however…

quantō +comp tantō +comp the more…, the more…
quantus-vīs -a- -um-

however big

quārta pars

fourth part, quarter

querī questum

complain, protest

quibus-cum

with whom

quic-quam = quidquam
quī-cumque quae- quod-/quid-whoever, whatever
quiēs -ētis f

repose, rest

quīn conj +subj

(but) that

quīn etiam

indeed, in fact

quis-piam quae- quod-

some

quī-vīs quae- quod-

whatever, any

quō +comp +subj

so that the more

quō adv

because

quo-ad conj

until, as long as

quō-minus conj +subj

so that… not

quotiēs

as often as, whenever

R
rādere -sisse -sum

shave

rapiditās -ātis f

rapidity

rapīna -ae f

plunder

rārus -a -um

sparse, scattered

ratiō -ōnis f

account,

register,

transac-

tion, system

r.em habēre +gen

pay regard to

r.em reposcere

demand an account

re-bellāre

revolt, rebel

rebelliō -ōnis f

rising, revolt

recēns -entis adj

fresh, recent

receptus -ūs m

retreat

recessus -ūs m

retreat

reciperāre

recover, regain

re-cipere, sē

retire, (ex fugā/timōre) recover

re-cūsāre

object to, reject

nōn re-cūsāre quīn

not hesitate to

red-igere -ēgisse -āctum

drive back

r. in/sub imperium

bring under the power (of)

+adj

make, render

red-integrāre

restore, renew

reditiō -ōnis f

return

reditus -ūs m

return

re-ferre rettulisse -lātum

bring back, carry back, report

pedem r.

go back, withdraw

re-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum

restore, repair

re-fugere

run away, recoil

rēgnum -ī m

kingship, kingdom

re-gredī -ior -gressum

retreat

re-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

throw back, drive back, repulse

re-lēgāre

banish

relinquere +dat

leave, allow

pass relinquī

be left, remain

relinquēbātur ut

add to this that

reliquum -ī n

what is left

nihil reliquī

nothing left

reliquus -a -um: tempus r.

future

re-migrāre

move back, return

remissus -a -um

mild, moderate

re-mittere

relax

re-mollēscere

become soft

re-nūntiāre

report (back)

re-pellere reppulisse -pulsum repel, repulse

ā spē repulsus

disappointed in one’s hopes

repentīnus -a -um

sudden

reperīre

find out, discover

re-petere

request again

re-portāre

bring back, carry back

re-poscere

claim

ratiōnem r. ab

call to account

reprehendere

censure

re-scindere -scidisse -scissum break down, demolish
re-scīscere -īvisse/-iisse

get to know, learn

re-servāre

reserve

re-sistere -stitisse

resist

re-stituere -uisse -ūtum

set up again, rebuild, restore,

give back

re-tinēre -uisse -tentum

detain

rettul- < re-ferre
rota -ae f

wheel

S
sagulum -ī n

soldier’s cloak

sānus -a -um

sane, sensible

sarcina -ae f

pack, soldier’s kit

satis habēre

be content (with)

satis-facere +dat

give satisfaction, make amends,

satisfy

saucius -a -um

wounded

scalae -ārum f pl

ladder

scapha -ae f

light boat, skiff

scindere

tear apart, demolish

scrīptor -ōris m

writer, author

12

sēdēs -is f

seat, homeland

sēmentis -is f

sowing

sēmita -ae f

path, track

senātor -ōris m

senator

senātus -ūs m

senate

sentīre sēnsisse sēnsum

feel, realize

sēparāre

separate

sēparātim adv

separately

sēparātus -a -um

separate

sepelīre -īvisse -ultum

bury

sepultūra -ae f

burial

sērō adv

late, too late

servāre

watch, keep, maintain

servīre +dat

be guided by, go by

ses-centēsimus -a -um

600

th

siccitās -ātis f

dryness, drought

sīc-utī conj

as, just as, just as if

signa īnferre

launch an attack

significātiō -ōnis f

sign, indication

silvestris -e

wooded

simul conj (= simul atque)

as soon as

simulāre

pretend

simulātiō -ōnis f

pretence

simultās -ātis f

animosity, quarrel

singillātim adv

one by one, singly

singulāris -e

single, one at a time, singu-

lar, unique

socer -erī m

father-in-law

socius -ī m

ally

sōlitūdō -inis f

loneliness

sollicitāre

incite

solvere (nāvēs)

cast off, set sail

spatium -ī n

area, space, distance, inter-

val, time

speciēs -ēī f

look, semblance

in s.em

in semblance, speciously

spectāre ad

face, lie towards

speculātor -ōris m

scout, spy

speculātōrius -a -um

scout-, reconnaissance-

sponte, suā

of one’s own accord, by one-

self, alone

stabilis -e

firm, stable

stabilitās -ātis f

stability

stāre stetisse

stand

statiō -ōnis f

post, guard, picket

statuere -uisse -ūtum +acc

+inf

decide, judge, consider

stipendium -ī n

tax

strāmentum -ī n

straw

sub-dūcere

draw up, (nāvēs) haul up,

beach

sub-ductiō -ōnis f

hauling up

sub-esse

be close

sub-fodere -iō -fōdisse

-fossum

stab from below (in the belly)

sub-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

throw from below

(+dat)

subject (to)

sub-iectus -a -um

situated below

sub-īre

undergo, expose oneself to

sublāt- < tollere

sub-ministrāre

supply, furnish

sub-mittere

send (relief)

sub-movēre

remove, drive off

sub-sequī

follow closely

subsidium -ī n

reinforcements, reserves, help

(venīre/mittere) s.ō dat

in support, to the rescue

sub-sistere

stand firm

sub-venīre +dat

come to help, give assistance to

suc-cēdere

move up, come close, take the

place of, follow

suc-cendere -disse -cēnsum

kindle

successus -ūs m

success

suc-cīdere -disse -sum

cut down

suc-currere +dat

run to help

sudis -is f

stake

suī gen (< sē)

themselves

summa -ae f

total, whole

summa imperiī

total power, supremacy

summus -a -um

the top of

superāre

overcome, defeat, win

super-esse

be left, survive

superior -ius

higher, upper, earlier, previ-

ous, superior

sup-petere

be available

supplex -icis, adv -iciter

suppliant

supplicātiō -ōnis f

thanksgiving

suprā adv

above

sus-cipere -iō -cēpisse -ceptum take up, undertake
suspicārī

guess, imagine

suspīciō -ōnis f

suspicion

sustentāre

endure

T
tālea -ae f

bar, ingot

tam-etsī

even though

tangere

reach, border on

tantulus -a -um

so small

tegere tēxisse tēctum

cover

tēlum -ī n

spear, weapon

temere adv

recklessly, without reason

temeritās -ātis f

recklessness

tēmō -ōnis m

pole

temperāre

refrain

temperātus -a -um

(loca) temperate, mild

tempestās -ātis f

weather

tenuis -e

faint, weak

tergum -ī n

terga vertere, turn tail

testimōnium -ī n

evidence

t.ō esse

be evidence, demonstrate

testūdō -inis f

tortoise, shield-cover

tolerāre

bear, endure

tollere sus-tulisse sub-lātum

lift, remove, take away, take

on board

sublātus (+abl)

uplifted

tormentum -ī n

catapult

torrēre -uisse tostum

scorch

trā-dūcere

bring/lead across

trāgula -ae f

spear

trā-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum

cross, pierce

trā-iectus -ūs m

way across

13

tranquillitās -ātis f

calm

trāns prp +acc

on the other side of

trān-scendere -disse -ēnsum cross
trāns-fīgere

pierce

trāns-īre

go over

trāns-missus -ūs m

crossing

trāns-mittere

cross

trāns-portāre

carry across

trepidāre

be in a panic

trepidus -a -um

alarmed

tribūnus -ī m: t. mīlitum

military tribune (senior offi-

cer)

trīduum -ī n

three days

tri-ennium -ī n

three years

trīnī -ae -a

three

tri-pertītō adv

in three parts

triplex -icis adj

triple

triquetrus -a -um

triangular

turma -ae f

troop (of cavalry)

turris -is f (acc -im, abl -ī)

tower, assault/defense tower

U
ubi conj

when

ubi prīmum

as soon as

ulcīscī ultum

take revenge on, avenge

ulterior -ius

more distant

Gallia (prōvincia) u.

Transalpine Gaul

ultimus -a -um

most distant

ultrō adv

even, of one’s own accord,

without any reason

ululātus -ūs m

howling, yelling

ūnā adv: cum… ūnā

together with

undique adv

from all parts/sides

ūnī -ae -a

only, alone

ūnus: ad ūnum (omnēs)

without exception, one and

all

ūsus -ūs m

use, practice

ūsus est

it is needed

ūsuī esse

be of use

utī conj = ut
ūtilis -e

useful

ūtilitās -ātis f

utility

utrīque m pl

both parties

V
vacāre

be empty, be unoccupied

vadum -ī n

ford, shallow

vagārī

wander, roam

vagīna -ae f

sheath

vagus -a -um

roaming

valēre

be strong, have power

vallēs -is f

valley

vāstāre

lay waste, devastate

vectīgal -ālis n

tax, toll

vectīgālis -e

tax-paying, tributary

vectōrius -a -um: nāvis

vectōria

cargo vessel

vehementer adv

strongly

vēnārī

hunt

vēnātiō -ōnis f

hunting

venīre: ventum est perf pass

‘they have/had come’

ventitāre

come often, keep coming

vergere

slope towards, face

verērī +dat

be anxious about

versāre

turn this way and that

vērus -a -um: vērum est

it is fair

verūtum -ī n

spear

vestīgium -ī n

footprint, spot

in vestīgiō

on the spot, at once

vestītus -ūs m

clothes

vetāre -uisse -itum

forbid, prohibit

veterānus -a -um

veteran

viātor -ōris m

traveller

vīciēs adv

twenty times

vīcus -ī m

village

vidērī vīsum esse

seem right

sī (tibi) vidētur

if you think fit

vigiliae -ārum f pl

wakefulness, keeping watch

vinculum -ī n

bond, fetter

-vīs: quī-vīs, quam-vīs,

quantus-vīs

-ever, however…, no matter

how…

vitrum -ī n

woad (plant), blue dye made

from woad leaves

voluptās -ātis f

pleasure, delight

vulgō adv

commonly

vulgus -ī n

the common people

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