Vocabulary and key phrases
�hg the forest
s
n l�n The forest is an area with a high density of
�hg/fNGrؚĆ[Ś^h(gą��v"v:S�W0 trees.
s
n l�n sh� y%2ł piąn g

o m� dł shł mł
fł gąi de qk
ył 0
hg the woodland
shł l�n A woodland is an area with trees that has little
hg/f-NI{Ć[Ś^h(gą��v"v:S�W0 shade.
shł l�n sh� zhM
ng d%1łng m� dł shł mł
fł gąi de qk
ył 0
ńbgXT the forest ranger
hł l�n yu�n The forest ranger protects and preserves the
ńbgXTŻOńbŚT�~ńb�hg0 forest.
hł l�n yu�n b�
o hł h� w�i hł s
n l�n
0
iir the flora
zh� wł What type of flora is common in that type of
(WŁŹ�y{|�W"v�hg�ęĄNHN7h"v iirg8^ forest?
���
ząi zhŁ zh�
ng lŁi x�ng de s
n l�n l�

sh�n me yąng de zh� wł zu� ch�ng
jiąn �
�Rir the fauna
d�ng wł Most of the fauna of that area is in danger of
Ł�Gr�hg�ę'YYpe"v�Rirż��o4NmpŻ~0 extinction.
ną piąn s
n l�n l�
dą duM
shł de d�ng
wł dM
u b%2łn l�n miŁ ju� 0
iirf[ the botany
zh� wł xu� Botany is the scientific study of plants.
iirf[/fxvz iir"vŃyf[0
zh� wł xu� sh� y�n jik
zh� wł de k

xu� 0
Ł
g the rainforest
y�
l�n Rainforests are sometimes called the Earth's
g�eŁ
g���y:N0Wt"v��0 lungs.
y�
u sh� y�
l�n bŁi ch
ng w�i d� qiś de
fŁi 0
�hgu
`�|�~ the forest eco-system
s
n l�n sh
ng tąi x� t�
ng Forest eco-systems are one of the most
�hgu
`�|�~/f0Wt Ng��"v�|�~KN important on the planet.
N0
s
n l�n sh
ng tąi x� t�
ng sh� d� qiś
shąng zu� zh�ng yąo de x� t�
ng zh%2ł y%2ł
0
gN the forestry
l�n yŁ Forestry is the skill of managing forests.
gN/f�hgĄ{t�bż�0
l�n yŁ sh� s
n l�n gu�
n l�
j� n�ng 0
h Q the canopy
shł guąn The canopy of a forest can block out about 95%
�hg"vh Q�S�Nn�!c~vRKN]NAS"N"v3
of sunlight.
IQ0
s
n l�n de shł guąn k%1ł y�
zh
d�
ng
b�
i fŁn zh%2ł ji�
sh� w�
de y�ng gu

ng
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8^Rh the evergreen tree
0
ch�ng q%2łng shł Evergreen trees are those which keep their
8^Rh8^t^ż� NO="�S0 leaves all year round.
ch�ng q%2łng shł ch�ng ni�n dM
u bś hu�
lu� yŁ 0
="�STN(g the deciduous tree
lu� yŁ qi�o mł Deciduous trees are those which lose their
="�STN(gŹ
c[��="�S0 leaves seasonally.
lu� yŁ qi�o mł su� j� ji
lu� yŁ 0
�"�Sg the coniferous tree
zh
n yŁ l�n The pine tree is an example of a coniferous
~gh/f�"�Sg"vN�y0 tree.
sM
ng shł sh� zh
n yŁ l�n de y%2ł zh�
ng
0
�SP[ the foliage
yŁ zi That tree has very beautiful foliage.
Ł��hh"v�SP[�_o�N0
ną k
shł de yŁ zi h%1łn piąo liang 0
ajh the oak tree
xiąng shł The fruit of the oak tree is called the acorn.
ajh"vśgś[/fajP[0
xiąng shł de gu�
sh� sh� xiąng z�
0
�ih the beech tree
j�
shł Beech trees grow on a wide range of soil types.
�ih�S�N(WY�yW�XŻs�X-Nu�0
j�
shł k%1ł y�
ząi duM
zh�
ng t�
r�
ng
hu�n j�ng zhM
ng sh
ng zh�
ng 0
~gh the pine tree
sM
ng shł Pine trees are one of the most commercially
~gh/fgwQ gFUN�NsM
ng shł sh� zu� jł y�
u sh

ng yŁ jią
zh� de shł zh�
ng zh%2ł y%2ł 0
ąih the elm tree
yś shł Elm trees are very common throughout Europe
ąih(Wte*N'k2mŚTS�ż�/f�_8^��"v0 and North America.
yś shł ząi zh%1łng gŁ M
u zhM
u h� b%1łi
m%1łi dM
u sh� h%1łn ch�ng jiąn de 0
ԂÓ the moss
t�i xi�
n Moss grows in damp shady locations.
ԂÓu�(Wnon4
�Q"v0Wąe0
t�i xi�
n sh
ng zh�
ng ząi ch�o sh%2ł y%2łn
li�ng de d� f

ng 0
h{| iir the fern
ju� lŁi zh� wł Fern is a very common plant in many forest
h{| iir/fN�y(W�_Yg:S8^��"v iir areas.
0
ju� lŁi zh� wł sh� y%2ł zh�
ng ząi h%1łn duM

l�n qk
ch�ng jiąn de zh� wł 0
24l the dew
lł shu�
We only see dew on plants in the mornings.
b�NęS(W�ehfw0R iir N"v24l0
w�
men zh�
ząi z�
o ch�n kąn dąo zh�
wł shąng de lł shu�
0
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h�v the bark
shł p� They say that tree bark extracts can fight tooth
nc�Ł��yh�v"v�c�Sir�S�N2
bkĄąYr0 decay.
jł shuM
ną zh�
ng shł p� de t� q�
wł
k%1ł y�
f�ng zh�
zhł y� 0
O(g the tree felling
f� mł Tree felling licenses are required in all
(W�NUO'k2mżVś[O(gż���wQY���S�� European countries.
0
ząi rŁn h� M
u zhM
u guó ji

f� mł dM
u
xk
yąo jł bŁi x�
k%1ł zhŁng 0
t^nŹ the tree rings
ni�n lśn By counting the rings on a tree, you can find
��Źpeh"vt^nŹ`O�S�N�wS��[Y'YąN0 out how old it is.
tM
ng gu� sh�
shł de ni�n lśn n�
k%1ł y�

zh%2ł dąo t

duM
dą le 0
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Dialogue
$N*Ng�S(W�hg�ęceek0 Two friends are taking a walk in the forest.
li�
ng gŁ p�ng y�
u ząi s
n l�n l�
sąn bł 0
Paul: Just breathe in that fresh forest air. It is
ŻOW: �_|T8T|T8TŁŹ�hg�ę"v�eśśzzl0*Y�hąN0 wonderful.
kuąi hk
x%2ł hk
x%2ł zhŁ s
n l�n l�
de x%2łn xi

n kM
ng q� 0tąi Claudia: I don t see what is wonderful about it. I would
bąng le 0 prefer the city.
KQłRęŹZ: bw NśQeg gĄNHN}Y"v0b�[?a ��b�W^0 Paul: What? But look at all the flora and fauna. The
w�
kąn bł chk
l�i y�
u sh�n me h�
o de 0w�
n�ng yuąn oak trees and the beech trees&
xu�
n z� ch�ng sh� 0 Claudia: And I am slipping on all this moss!
ŻOW: Paul: You shouldn t have worn high heels then!...The
ĄNHN�FO/f`OwwŁŹ@b g"v iirŚT�Rir0ajhJU�ihJU�" wildlife is amazing.
�" Claudia: I think they should fell all those trees and
sh�n me �dąn sh� n�
kąn kąn zhŁ su�
y�
u de zh� wł h� build a shopping centre.
d�ng wł 0xiąng shł

j�
shł

�"�" Paul: Some people really don t know how to
KQłRęŹZ: �b(WŁŹԂÓ NąŹp湏Ńn
� appreciate wildlife.
�r w�
ząi zhŁ t�i xi�
n shąng bi

n z�
u bi

n hu�
� Claudia: I do. But I would prefer to see it on
ŻOW: `O N"^�zؚ�ć�"v
�ŁŹ�ę"v�ęu�Rir�N�NĘ`GY0 documentaries.
n�
bł y%2łng g

i chu

n g

o g
n xi� de
�zhŁ l�
de y%1ł sh
ng
d�ng wł l�ng r�n j%2łng q� 0
KQłRęŹZ:
bɉ_�N�N"^� x�c@b g"vh�6qTś^N*N-ćir-N�_0
w�
ju� de t

men y%2łng g

i k�
n diąo su�
y�
u de shł �r�n
h�u jiąn y%2ł gŁ g�u wł zhM
ng x%2łn 0
ŻOW: g�N�N/fw"v N�a_�YUO#kOć�ęu�RirJU0
y�
u xi
r�n sh� zh
n de bł d�
ng d� rś h� x%2łn sh�
ng y%1ł
sh
ng d�ng wł a 0
KQłRęŹZ: b�a0FOb�[?aw�["v�~U_Gr0
w�
d�
ng 0dąn w�
n�ng yuąn kąn t

de j� lł piąn 0
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Please choose the correct answer
1. ŻOWśU"k�hg"vĄNHN�
b�
o luó x�
hu

n s
n l�n de sh�n me �
a. �eśś"vzzl
0 iirŚT�Rir0
x%2łn xi

n de kM
ng q�
0zh� wł h� d�ng wł 0
b. O(gŚT24l0
f� mł h� lł shu�
0
c. ="�STN(gŚT8^Rh0
lu� yŁ qi�o mł h� ch�ng q%2łng shł 0
2. :NĄNHNKQłRęŹZ(WԂÓ NąŹp湏Ńn�
wŁi sh�n me kŁ l�o d� yą ząi t�i xi�
n shąng bi

n z�
u bi

n hu� �
a. ąV:NyY�_ąeJ�0
y%2łn w�i t

h%1łn wś li�o 0
b. ąV:NyY�_/}ąN0
y%2łn w�i t

h%1łn lŁi le 0
c. ąV:NyYz@wؚ�ć�0
y%2łn w�i t

chu

n zhe g

o g
n xi� 0
3. KQłRęŹZń�:N"^勊b�hg`HN7h�
kŁ l�o d� yą rŁn w�i y%2łng g

i b�
s
n l�n z%1łn me yąng �
a. "^勊bhż� xąN�6qTś^N*N-ćir-N�_0
y%2łng g

i b�
shł dM
u k�
n le �r�n h�u jiąn y%2ł gŁ g�u wł zhM
ng x%2łn 0
b. "^��y�fY"vh0
y%2łng g

i zh�ng gŁng duM
de shł 0
c. "^�penZih"vt^nŹ�6qTś^N*N-ćir-N�_0
y%2łng g

i sh�
q%2łng ch�
shł de ni�n lśn �r�n h�u jiąn y%2ł gŁ g�u wł zhM
ng x%2łn 0
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Answers: 1(a): 2(c): 3(a)