Vocabulary and key phrases
�eS the culture
w�n huą Different cultures tend to have different
NT"v�eS8^8^ g NT"vZZ�Y�Ś�O0 customs regarding marriage.
bł tóng de w�n huą ch�ng ch�ng y�
u
bł tóng de hk
n y%2łn f
ng sś 0
O�~ the tradition
chu�n t�
ng Modern society is inclined to move away from
�sćN>yOnn�Źy O�~0 traditions.
xiąn dąi shŁ hu� jiąn jiąn yu�
n l� chu�n
t�
ng 0
W�żN the heritage
y� ch�
n The European Heritage Network tends to focus
'k2m�eSW�żNQ�8^�b�ęąp>e(W�eSW� on cultural heritage.
żN N0
M
u zhM
u w�n huą y� ch�
n w�
ng tM
ng
ch�ng b�
zh�ng di�
n fąng ząi w�n
huą y� ch�
n shąng 0
l�
y� Rituals like hand-shaking and saying hello are
(W'YYpe�eS-N��P�cKbŚTSb�b|T"vęN/f�_8^��"v0
ząi dą duM
shł w�n huą zhM
ng
�xiąng w� sh�
u h� d�
zh

o hk
de l�

y� sh� h%1łn ch�ng jiąn de 0
;RgpSaŚ the stereotype
kŁ b�
n y�n xiąng The stereotype of all Irish people having red
ł[@b g1r\pQ�Nż�/fó~4YŃS"v;RgpSaŚ hair is an oversimplified concept.
/f*N�Ź�NUSN"v�i�_0
du� su�
y�
u ąi %1łr l�n r�n dM
u sh� hóng
tóu f

de kŁ b�
n y�n xiąng sh� gŁ gu�
yś d

n y%2ł de gąi niąn 0
q_�T the influence
y�
ng xi�
ng Religion often has a huge influence on culture.
[Ye�_�_ł[�eS gŁ]'Y"vq_�T0
zM
ng jiąo w�
ng w�
ng du� w�n huą y�
u
jł dą de y�
ng xi�
ng 0
>yOĆQR the social norms
shŁ hu� zh�
n z� Social norms are defined as appropriate and
>yOĆQR�[IN>yOńSO�S_ŚT N�S_"v inappropriate behaviour within groups in
L�:N0 society.
shŁ hu� zh�
n z� d�ng y� shŁ hu� qśn t�

sh� d

ng h� bś sh� d

ng de x�ng w�i
0
YCQ�eS the multiculturalism
duM
yu�n w�n huą Australia has embraced multiculturalism. There
ło'Y)R�NĄc�SąNYCQ"v�eS0Ł��ęE\OO are many people from different cultures living
@wOYegę� NT�eS"v�N�N0 there.
ąo dą l� yą ji
sh�u le duM
yu�n de
w�n huą 0ną l�
jk
zhł zhe zh�ng duM

l�i z� bł tóng w�n huą de r�n men 0
�eSY7h'` the cultural diversity
w�n huą duM
yąng x�ng It is necessary to be aware of the cultural
�_{Ś��ń�Ć�0R(WN*NżVś[-NX[(W"v�eS diversity that exists in a country.
Y7h'`0
b� xk
yąo rŁn sh� dąo ząi y%2ł gŁ guó ji


zhM
ng cśn ząi de w�n huą duM
yąng
x�ng 0
'Y"q�p the melting pot
dą róng lś New York city is a veritable melting pot of
�~Ś~^/fN*N ToRvQś["v�eS'Y"q�p0 cultures.
ni�
yu
sh� sh� y%2ł gŁ m�ng fł q� sh� de
w�n huą dą róng lś 0
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l�e the ethnic group
m�n zś There are hundreds of ethnic groups in London.
(W&OfeE\OO@wpe~v*Nl�e0
ząi lśn dk
n jk
zhł zhe shł b�
i gŁ m�n
zś 0
l�O�eS the folk culture
m�n sś w�n huą Folk culture tends to refer to the localised
l�O�eSYcN�y�eS"v,g0WSu;mąe lifestyle of a culture.
_0
m�n sś w�n huą duM
zh�
y%2ł zh�
ng w�n
huą de b%1łn d� huą sh
ng huó f

ng sh�
0
xQ�W܃�� the typical cuisine
di�
n x�ng cąi y�o The typical cuisine of Tuscany is generally very
XbŻeaSł~"vxQ�W܃���8^/f�_eP�^ŚTY healthy and varied.
7hS"v0
tuM
s%2ł k�
ną de di�
n x�ng cąi y�o tM
ng
ch�ng sh� h%1łn jiąn k

ng h� duM
yąng
huą de 0
��Ś the gastronomy
m%1łi sh� Goulash is a typical dish in Hungarian
WFŚ�p[r��/fSYr)R��Ś"v�~xQ܃0 gastronomy.
t�
d�u sh

o niś r�u sh� xiM
ng y� l� m%1łi
sh� de j%2łng di�
n cąi 0
l��óPN the folk music
m�n ji

n y%2łn lŁ The folk music of Ireland is usually very popular
1r\pQ"vl��óPN(W'k2mT0W�ćeg�ć�S all over Europe.
"k�Ź0
ąi %1łr l�n de m�n ji

n y%2łn yuŁ ząi M
u
zhM
u gŁ d� yuŁ l�i yuŁ sh�u hu

n y�ng
0
O�~óPN the traditional music
chu�n t�
ng y%2łn yuŁ The traditional music of Peru is normally played
�y�ś"v O�~óPN�8^/f1ułc{oOY"v0 on panpipes.
b� l�
de chu�n t�
ng y%2łn yuŁ tM
ng
ch�ng sh� yóu p�i d� y�
n z�u de 0
�k� the native language
m�
y�
The native language of Denmark is Danish but
9NŚś"v�k�/f9NŚś��FO/f'YYpe�N�f most people speak perfect English.
?aa�ń��0
d

n mąi de m�
y�
sh� d

n mąi y�

�dąn sh� dą duM
shł r�n gŁng yuąn
y� shuM
y%2łng y�
0
\pel�e틊 the minority language
sh�
o shł m�n zś y�
y�n While Gaelic is a minority language in Ireland, it
}ą6q�v\�(W1r\pQ/f\pel�e틊� is still an official language.
�[�N6q/fN�yŚ[ąe틊0
su%2ł r�n gąi %1łr y�
ząi ąi %1łr l�n sh� sh�
o
shł m�n zś y�
y�n �t

r�ng r�n sh� y%2ł
zh�
ng gu

n f

ng y�
y�n 0
ś^Q{ the architecture
jiąn zhł Through architecture it's possible to guess
��Źś^Q{�S�NsKmśQN�y�eS"v�_YN many things about a culture
�0
tM
ng gu� jiąn zhł k%1ł y�
c

i cŁ chk
y%2ł
zh�
ng w�n huą de h%1łn duM
dM
ng xi 0
z�/g�T the works of art
y� shł p�
n The most famous works of art in Spain can be
(Wnf�bYZSirą��S�N~b0R��sYrg g T found in the Prado museum.
"vz�/g�T0
ząi p�
l

duM
bó wł gu�
n k%1ł y�
zh�
o
dąo x%2ł b

n y� zu� y�
u m�ng de y� shł
p�
n 0
�ef[ the literature
w�n xu� Hamlet is one of the most famous characters in
�TĆY�
yr/f�ef[\O�T-NgW" T"v�NirKN literature.
N0
h

m�
l�i tŁ sh� w�n xu� zu� p�
n
zhM
ng zu� zhe m�ng de r�n wł zh%2ł y%2ł
0
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�eS:g"g the cultural institution
w�n huą j%2ł g�u The Louvre museum in Paris is one of the most
�]�ś"vbSnm�[ZSirą�/f�żVg�ę��"v�e important cultural institutions in the country.
S:g"gKNN0
b

l� de lś fś gM
ng bó wł gu�
n sh� g

i
guó zu� zh�ng yąo de w�n huą j%2ł g�u
zh%2ł y%2ł 0
�N{|f[ the anthropology
r�n lŁi xu� Anthropology deals with the origins and
�N{|f[sQŁl�eS"vwć�nŚT�N{|"vŃSU\0 cultural development of humankind.
r�n lŁi xu� gu

n zhł w�n huą de q�

yu�n h� r�n lŁi de f

zh�
n 0
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Dialogue
ŻOWck(WTl�KQ���Ź�N"v<\Ęl\KN�e0 Paul is telling Marc about his journey to Nepal.
b�
o luó zhŁng ząi xiąng m�
kŁ ji�
ng shł t

de n� bó %1łr zh%2ł
l�
0 Paul: You know, it really is one of the most spectacular
countries in the world. It has about thirty-six different
ŻOW: `O�wS��ŁŹnxś[/fNLu NgO'Y"vżVś[KNN0�[ g'Y ethnic groups and multiple religions and languages.
Ś~ NASmQ*N NTl�eŚTY�y[Ye�NĘS틊0 Marc: Wow!
Paul: Nepal's culture is greatly influenced by its music,
n�
zh%2ł dąo �zhŁ quŁ sh� sh� sh� jiŁ shąng zu� w%1łi dą de
architecture, religion and literature.
guó ji

zh%2ł y%2ł 0t

y�
u dą yu
s

n sh� lił gŁ bś tóng m�n zś
h� duM
zh�
ng zM
ng jiąo y�
j� y�
y�n 0 Marc: Really and what about the food?
l�KQ: �T
� Paul: The food of Nepal is as diverse as the country
wa
� itself. It is healthy and easy to cook. I am going to
ŻOW: prepare a typical dish for you tomorrow night& ..
<\Ęl\"v�eS�g'Y0Wq_�TąN�["vóPN
0ś^QŻ0[YeŚT�ef[ Marc: Great. Thanks!
0
n� bó %1łr de w�n huą j� dą de y�
ng xi�
ng le t

de y%2łn yuŁ

0jiąn zhł
0zM
ng ji

o h� w�n xu� 0
l�KQ: w"vT�Ł�?Q"v�Śir`HN7h�
zh
n de ma �nąr de sh� wł z%1łn me yąng �
ŻOW: <\Ęl\"v��ŚŚTŁŹ*NżVś[N7h/fY7hS"v0�_eP�^�
N�_ą[fłpŚ0f)YZf NbOŁ~`OZPNS�Ł��ę"v�~xQ܃�"
�"
n� bó %1łr de m%1łi sh� h� zhŁ gŁ guó ji

y%2ł yąng sh� duM
yąng
huą de 0h%1łn jiąn k

ng �r qi%1ł h%1łn róng y� p
ng ti�o
0m�ng ti

n w�
n shąng w�
hu� g%1łi n�
zu� y%2ł dąo ną l�
de
j%2łng di�
n cąi �"�"
l�KQ: *Y�hąN
�"Ś"Ś
�
tąi bąng le
�xiŁ xiŁ
�
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Please choose the correct answer
1. ŻOWSęT?Q�eL�ąN�
b�
o luó qł n�
r l�
x�ng le �
a. SpSŚ^0
qł y�n dł 0
b. S<\Ęl\0
qł n� bó %1łr 0
c. S-NżV0
qł zhM
ng guó 0
2. <\Ęl\ gY\*Nl�e�
n� bó %1łr y�
u duM
sh�
o gŁ m�n zś �
a. NAS N*N
s

n sh� s

n gŁ
b. NASN*N
s

n sh� y%2ł gŁ
c. NASmQ*N
s

n sh� lił gŁ
3. f)YZf NŻOW��ZPĄNHN�
m�ng ti

n w�
n shąng b�
o luó yąo zu� sh�n me �
a. Ł~l�KQ1UN
�<\Ęl\Lk0
g%1łi m�
kŁ chąng y%2ł sh�
u n� bó %1łr g
0
b. Ł~l�KQZPNS�<\Ęl\܃0
g%1łi m�
kŁ zu� y%2ł dąo n� bó %1łr cąi 0
c. Ł~l�KQóćN�k<\Ęl\�0
g%1łi m�
kŁ tiąo y%2ł duąn n� bó %1łr w�
0
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Answers: 1(b): 2(c): 3(b)