Realism and Naturalism


Realism and Naturalism (1865 - 1914)

Civil War (1861 - 1865)

Before the war

After the war

New writings were

Post-War America

In the half century between the end of the Civil War and the outbreak of World War I the American nation:

Such unprecedented change gave rise:

American writers forced to assess and to reflect the realities of their times:

All of this cries out for literary interpretation.

FICTION OF THE GENERATION OF

Realism and Naturalism constitute a critical response to the conditions of late-nineteenth-century American life.

William Dean Howells Criticism and Fiction (1891) monthly essays

Howells famous analogy in 1891collection of “Editor's Study”

To be true and honest in fiction, within a realistic aesthetic in which the writer, like a scientist with democratic values, discards the old heroic and ideal, and therefore false, cardboard mode of a grasshopper and depicts the commonplace activities of a commonplace grasshopper.

Middle - class

The underlying beliefs of this first generation of critics of realism were firmly middle-class. Realism of American fiction was portraying “the widely divergent phases of our American civilization.” That is the local color literature.

Function of literature

Relishing the facts

More characteristics of Realism

Variant forms of Realism

Naturalism

Fiction of grim realism, in which the writer observers human characteristics like a scientist observing ants, seeing them as the products and victims of environment and heredity.

The founder of Naturalism



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