Inglês 2011/2012 Cidália Alves	Escola Secundária de Caldas das Taipas Curso Profissional de Técnico de Apoio à Infância - 11º ano - Turma M
English worksheet no 5 Module 4 - The media and global communication
Verb Tenses: Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, Past Continuous, Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

We use the Simple Present to:

• describe routines and regular/habitual actions or permanent states;

• express a present state or a truth (scientific actions or facts).

To form the affirmative form we use the infinitive without to (love)

and to form the 3rd person singular in the affirmative form we add s but:

- vowel + y - add s

- consonant + y - i and add es

- o, ss, sh, ch, x - add es

In the negative and interrogative we use the auxiliary To do, in the Simple Present (do or does):

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
subject + main verb	subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb (don't / doesn't) (infinitive)	auxiliary verb + subject + main verb ? (do / does) (infinitive)
I work You work He / She / It works We work You work They work	I don't work You don't work He / She / It doesn't work We don't work You don't work They don't work	Do I work? Do you work? Does he / she / it work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?

We use the Present Continuous to:

• describe actions happening now (at the moment of speaking);

• describe repeated and annoying actions;

• express fixed arrangements in the near future (arranged previously).

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To be, in the Simple Present, and the gerund of the main verb (infinitive + ing):

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + main verb (am/are/is) (gerund)	subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb (am/are/is not) (gerund)	auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ? (am/are/is) (gerund)
I am working You are working He / She / It is working We are working You are working They are working	I'm not working You aren't working He / She / It isn't working We aren't working You aren't working They aren't working	Am I working? Are you working? Is he / she / it working? Are we working? Are you working? Are they working?

We use the Simple Past to:

• talk about past actions, finished at a definite time;

• describe regular actions in the past;

• express something that you think is unlikely to happen.

To form the affirmative form we have to make a distinction between regular and irregular verbs:

Regular verbs:

- add ed to the infinitive but:

- ending in e - add d only

- vowel + y - add ed

- consonant + y - i and add ed

Irregular verbs:

(2nd column of the list)

In the negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To do, in the Simple Past (did), both for regular and irregular verbs:

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
subject + main verb	subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb (didn't) (infinitive)	auxiliary verb + subject + main verb ? (did) (infinitive)
I worked / came You worked He / She / It worked We worked You worked They worked	I didn't work / come You didn't work He / She / It didn't work We didn't work You didn't work They didn't work	Did I work / come? Did you work? Did he / she / it work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work?

We use the Past Continuous to:

• describe an action happening at a particular time in the past;

• describe actions taking place at the same time in the past;

• describe an event which was happening when another one happened (the action in course was interrupted by another one in the past)

(something was happening when something else happened // while something was happening something else happened).

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To be, in the Simple Past, and the gerund of the main verb (infinitive + ing):

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + main verb (was/were) (gerund)	subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb (was/were not) (gerund)	auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ? (was/were) (gerund)
I was working You were working He / She / It was working We were working You were working They were working	I wasn't working You weren't working He / She / It wasn't working We weren't working You weren't working They weren't working	Was I working? Were you working? Was he / she / it working? Were we working? Were you working? Were they working?

We use the Present Perfect to:

• describe actions which started in the past and continue to the present, with results in the present.

Ex: I have eaten eggs for breakfast since I was a child. Where's the key? I don't know. I've lost it. (I haven't got it now.)

• 
  talk about a recent action.

Ex: The road is closed. There has been an accident.

Still (até agora) - negative sentences (between the subject and the auxiliary verb)

Yet (ainda) - negative and interrogative sentences (at the end of the sentence)

Already (já) - affirmative and interrogative sentences (between the auxiliary verb and the main verb)

For - + a period of time (durante/há) Since - + a point in time (desde)

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To have, in the Simple Present, and the past participle (3^rd column (irregular verbs) or ed (regular verbs)):

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + main verb (has/have) (p.p.)	subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb (has/have not) (p.p.)	auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ? (has/have) (p.p.)
I have worked You have worked He / She / It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked	I haven't worked You haven't worked He / She / It hasn't worked We haven't worked You haven't worked They haven't worked	Have I worked? Have you worked? Has he / she / it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked?

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to:

• describe an action which ended recently, with a close relation to the present time;

Ex: You're out of breath. Have you been running? (you are out of breath now)

- Is it raining? - No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining.

• describe actions which started in the past and are still happening.

Ex: Where have you been? I have been looking for you for an hour.

It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining. It has been raining for two hours.

The Present Perfect Continuous is usually used with for and since to describe repeated actions, expressing anger or criticism.

For (há)		Since(desde)
two hours	a week	8 o'clock	1977
20 minutes	50 years	Monday	Christmas
five days	a long time	12 May	lunchtime
six months	ages	April	he was at school

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To have, in the Simple Present, plus the past participle of the verb To be (been) and the main verb in the gerund (-ing):

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + been + main verb (has/have) (p.p. to be) (ing)	Subj. + auxiliary in the neg.+ been + main verb (hasn't/haven't) (p.p. to be) (ing)	auxiliary verb + subj.+ been + main verb? (has/have) (p.p. to be) (ing)
I have been working You have been working He / She / It has been working We have been working You have been working They have been working	I haven't been working You haven't been working He / She / It hasn't been working We haven't been working You haven't been working They haven't been working	Have I been working? Have you been working? Has he / she / it been working? Have we been working? Have you been working? Have they been working?

Complete the sentences with the Simple Present, the Present Continuous, the Simple Past, the Past Continuous or the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets and put the adverbs in the correct place.

1. Portuguese banks _______________ (to open) at 8 o'clock.

2. They always _______________ (to play) the piano in the evening.

3. Yesterday she ___________ (not/to be) in a good mood because she__________ (to lose) her keys.

4. Last year she _______________ (to spend) most of her time on the beach.

5. I _________________ (not/to eat) fish since I was eleven.

6. I ________________ (to listen) to music when you _______________ (to phone) last night.

7. ______________ (she/to go) to Spain two years ago?

8. She _______________ (usually/to go) to school by bus.

9. She ________________ (to give) him a watch yesterday but he _________________ (already/to lose) it.

10. I _________________ (not/to buy) a carpet yet.

11. He _________________ (to swim) three miles every day.

12. Let's go away! We _________________ (to be) here for more than half an hour.

13. Where _________________ (you/to go) for a holiday last year? I _____________ (go) to London.

14. She is very tired because she _________________ (not/to sleep) for two days.

15. My mother _________________ (just/to go) to the market.

16. Mr. Morgan is the tallest man I _________________ (ever/to know).

17. My mother _____________ (not/to like) vegetables and so we _____________ (not/to eat) soup very often.

18. She usually ________________ (to go) to work by car but this week she _______________ (to go) by bus.

19. Peter can't come to the phone right now. He _________________ (to have) a shower.

20. While they _________________ (to have) dinner, someone ______________ (to knock) at the door.

Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs in brackets. Put the adverbs in the correct place when necessary.

1. This room is a mess! What _________________ (you/to do) all day?

2. Look at that man over there. He _________________ (to stand) there for hours.

3. He _________________ (to clean) the windows and he _________________ (not/to finish) yet.

4. The magazine _________________ (to publish) a report on English-speakers. It's excellent!

5. The teacher was late. When he arrived, the students said “We _________________ (to wait) for you for half an hour, teacher!”.

6. The teacher was late. When he arrived, someone told him “The students _________________ (to wait) for you for half an hour and then they have gone! You were so late!”.

7. They _________________ (to live) there for ages but they moved last week.

8. They _________________ (to live) here for ages and they love this place.

9. Peter _________________ (to finish) his book at last.

10. They _________________ (to queue) since midday and they are still waiting for their turn.

11. She _________________ (to wait) for one hour but she has left because they had to go to work.

12. He _________________ (to play) golf for ten years but then he stopped due to health problems.

Expressions used:

always usually

often sometimes

never frequently

rarely every…

Present Continuous

Expressions used:

yesterday

… ago

last…

Simple Present

Present Perfect Continuous

Expressions used:

ever (alguma vez) never

just (há pouco tempo/mesmo agora)

already yet still

since for this…

Has Painted is the present perfect simple.

The action is finished. We are interested in the result of the action, not in the action itself.

Ex: The ceiling was white. Now it is blue. Ann has painted the ceiling.

Has been painting is the present perfect continuous.

We are interested in the action. It doesn't matter if the action was finished or not, but it is usually unfinished.

Ex: Ann's clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling.

Simple Past

Expressions used:

now at the/this moment this… at present tomorrow

Expressions used:

She was sleeping when the accident happened.

when while While she was sleeping, the accident happened.

Present Perfect

Past Continuous

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