VERO UK TRAINING MATERIAL

VISI Basic 2-D Geometry

Introduction

For Wire EDM trainees who have not attended the Visi modelling course or do not have Visi modelling enabled on their licence, the following chapter introduces the drafting capabilities of VISI-Series to create a simple drawing.

2D Drawing

When you open the VISI-Series application for the first time you will be presented with the following interface:

By default the working viewport will be setup to `Dynamic'. In this example we will only be working in 2D. Press the function key F2 to switch the viewport to the `Top' view mode.

STAGE 1: CREATE THE OUTER SHAPE

The first step is to produce some reference (construction) lines, which we will use as our datum reference for the complete 2D drawing.

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

When a command is selected a new set of icons will appear on the left hand side. These icons are only relative to the current command.

If the Segment icon is selected a segment of a given length will be created. Example: A segment between two points:

If the Line icon is selected a constructional line of infinite length will be created. These lines are generally used as a constructional aid to 2D drafting.

In this instance we will create a constructional line parallel to the X and Y axis.

(i) Select the reference line - Select the X axis

(ii) Select the distance 0mm

(iii) Select the Line or radio button and click Ok

Construction Line parallel to X axis

Repeat the procedure for the Y axis. By default the system will retain the last command until the <ESC> key is depressed, there is no need to re-select the command from the menu.

(i) Select the reference line - Select the Y axis

(ii) Select the distance 0mm

Construction Line parallel to Y axis

We will use the newly created construction lines as the reference datum position for the 2D drawing.

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select the X axis or the construction line following the X axis (Arrow pointing above the line)

An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created or the tick box Reverse side can be enabled.

(ii) Select the distance 180mm and click Ok

The line just created may not be instantly visible, this is because it has been created outside of the current viewing area. To make all elements visible select the `include in boundary' icon.

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select the Y axis icon or the construction line following the Y axis (Arrow pointing left to the left of the line once the axis or line has been selected)

An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created or the tick box Reverse side can be enabled.

(ii) Select the distance 275mm and click Ok

Again the construction line may not be visible. To make all elements visible select the `include in boundary' icon.

Using the `Parallel' command create two more construction lines.

1. Create a construction line parallel to `Line 1' at a distance of 75mm (position left)

2. Create a construction line parallel to `Line 2' at a distance of 75mm (position below)

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - ELEMENT ELEMENT

With the constructional base now created we can create the main outer shape of the 2D drawing.

The `Element Element' command is used to create a segment or line between two points or elements. If the `Points' environment is selected a point (intersection point etc) can be selected. If the `Element' environment is selected geometrical elements can be selected.

Points Environment :

Element Environment :

(i) Select the Segment icon

3. Make sure the Point environment is selected

(iii) Make sure the Intersection Point icon is selected

(iv) Select the start position - Select `P1'

Select the end position - Select `P2'

(v) Select the start position - Select `P2'

Select the end position - Select `P3'

(vi) Select the start position - Select `P3'

Select the end position - Select `P4'

(vii) Select the start position - Select `P4'

Select the end position - Select `P5'

(viii) Select the start position - Select `P5'

Select the end position - Select `P6'

(ix) Select the start position - Select `P6'

Select the end position - Select `P1'

In this example we have created a segment from each intersection point of the constructional geometry. It is possible to create the segments without the construction lines by using Cartesian co-ordinates to define the start and end points for each segment.

It is also possible to use the EDIT - BREAK DIRECT function to break a construction line and automatically create a segment. In this case, select the construction line to break where the segment needs to be created. A segment will be automatically generated between the first two intersection points.

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - DELETE ALL LINES

Using this command we will delete all the construction lines to leave only the `component boundary.

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - CHAMFER

Using this command we can add a chamfer to the 2D geometry and automatically trim the relevant segments.

It is possible to define the chamfer using one of three options:-

Distance :-

The entered value will be used to chamfer both the selected elements.

Distance - Distance :-

Two dimensional values can be added, to chamfer the selected elements at different distances.

Distance - Angle :-

The first selected element will be chamfered at the “First Distance” value. The angle is controlled by the “Angle value.

It is also possible using the `Retain Element' check boxes to force the system not to automatically trim the geometry.

(i) Select the first element - Select `Segment 1'

(ii) Select the second element - Select `Segment 2'

Select the “Preview” button to view the result.

When you are happy with the result select the “OK” button or “Right Hand Mouse Click to accept the result and close the chamfer dialog box

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - CHAMFER

This time, we will create the chamfer using the Distance - angle option. Check the `Distance - angle' button.

Set the distance to 20 and the angle to 45

(i) Select the first element - Select `Segment 3'

(ii) Select the second element - Select `Segment 4'

WIREFRAME - CIRCLE/ARC - FILLET

Using this command we can add a fillet to the 2D geometry and automatically trim the relevant segments.

Within the `Fillet' command it is also possible using the `Retain Element' check boxes to force the system not to automatically trim the geometry.

(i) Select the first element - Select `Segment 1'

(ii) Select the second element - Select `Segment 2'

(iii) Select the first element - Select `Segment 3'

(iv) Select the second element - Select `Segment 4'

Now let's change the fillet radius value to 15mm and apply the fillet to Segment 5 and 6 and then apply a 10mm fillet to Segments 7 and 8.

(v) Select the first element - Select `Segment 5'

(vi) Select the second element - Select `Segment 6'

Now add a fillet to Segments 7 and 8 setting the radius value to 10mm.

(vii) Select the first element - Select `Segment 7'

(viii)Select the second element - Select `Segment 8'

With the outer shape now completed we can concentrate on constructing the inner detail

STAGE 2: CREATE THE INNER TRIANGULAR DETAIL

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Segment 1'

An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created or the tick box Reverse side can be enabled

(ii) Select the distance 50mm (position right - radio button) and click Ok

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Segment 1'

An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created or the tick box Reverse side can be enabled

(ii) Select the distance 150mm (position right - radio button) and click Ok

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Segment 2'

An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created or the tick box Reverse side can be enabled

(ii) Select the distance 15mm (position above - radio button) and click Ok

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - ELEMENT ANGLE LINE

Having created the construction lines, we have generated the intersection points at which the 45° construction lines need to be struck through.

(i) Make sure the Point environment is selected

(ii) Make sure the Intersection Point icon is selected

(iii) Select the reference point - Select (P1)

(iv) Select the reference element - Select the reference line (L1)

NOTE! An arrow will be displayed at the point you select the reference element. Confirm the reference element direction with a “Right Hand Mouse Click”

(v) Insert the angle - 45°

NOTE:

With most CAD systems, the angles are calculated with 3 O'clock being zero and positive degrees are in the anti-clockwise direction. Within the VISI-Series applications the selected line or axis becomes zero degrees and the SPACEBAR can be used to toggle the resultant line between plus or minus angles.

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - ELEMENT ANGLE LINE

Having created the construction lines we have generated the intersection points at where the 45° construction lines need to be struck.

(i) Make sure the Point environment is selected

(ii) Make sure the Intersection Point icon is selected

(iii) Select the reference point - Select (P2)

(iv) Select the reference element - Select the reference line (L1)

(v) Confirm the Reference element direction - Right Mouse Click

(vii) Insert the angle 45°

SPACEBAR to toggle the result

When we created the outside shape for the component, we created a segment between each intersection point. It is also possible to use the EDIT - BREAK DIRECT function to break a construction line and automatically create a segment. In this case, select the construction line to break where the segment needs to be created. A segment will be automatically generated between the first two intersection points. The spacebar can be used to toggle the result.

EDIT - BREAK DIRECT

(i) Select the element to break - Select Construction Line (C1) Where indicated

Select the construction line to break in-between the two intersection points from which the segment will be created.

(ii) Select the element to break - Select Construction Line (C2) Where indicated

(iii) Select the element to break - Select Construction Line (C3) Where indicated

The result of the “Break Direct” should be as shown.

WIREFRAME - CIRCLE/ARC - FILLET

Using this command we can add a fillet to the 2D geometry and automatically trim the relevant segments.

Within the `Fillet' command it is also possible using the `Retain Element' check boxes to force the system not to automatically trim the geometry.

(i) Select the first element - Select `Segment 1'

Select the second element - Select `Segment 2'

(ii) Select the first element - Select `Segment 2'

Select the second element - Select `Segment 3'

(iii) Select the first element - Select `Segment 3'

Select the second element - Select `Segment 1'

NOTE:

It is also possible when adding a fillet or chamfer to select only the intersection point rather than the two intersecting elements.

WIREFRAME - CIRCLE/ARC - CENTRE RADIUS

Using this command we can add the circular holes to the inside of the triangular slot.

(i) Ensure the `Circle Centre' icon
is selected

(ii) Select the centre point - Select Arc (A1)

(iii) Enter the Radius value - 5mm

(iv) Repeat for centre point position 2 and position 3 - (A2) & (A3)

ANNOTATION - CROSS

We can use this command to automatically create the `centre line cross' at the centre of any arc or circle within the drawing.

By default the system will select both arcs and circles as they are both enabled within the left hand icon set.

1. Switch OFF the arc selection from the left hand icon set

(ii) Use the `Select all' window filter to select all circles within the 2D drawing.

(iii) Select the cross angle 0

STAGE 3: CREATE THE INNER T-SLOT DETAIL

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

Now we have created the triangular form we can continue to create the `T slot' holes.

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Segment 1'

(ii) Select the distance 50mm (position below - radio button) and click Ok

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Construction Line 1' (C1)

(ii) Select the distance 15mm (position right - radio button) and click Ok

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Construction Line 1' (C1)

(ii) Select the distance 15mm (position left)

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Construction Line 2' (C2)

(ii) Select the distance 30mm (position above)

Using the construction lines we have created the centre positions for the 5mm radius circles.

WIREFRAME - CIRCLE/ARC - CENTRE RADIUS

(i) Make sure the `Intersection Point' icon is selected

(ii) Select the centre point - Select Centre Point 1 (P1)

(iii) Enter the Radius value - 5mm

4. Repeat for centre point position 2 and position 3 - (P2) & (P3)

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon

(ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected

(iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 1 (top)

(iv) Select the second element - Select Circle 2 (top)

NOTE :

The selection point of the circle is very important. The segment being created will be struck tangent from the circle at the closest point to the selection position. In all cases the SPACEBAR can be used to toggle the result

Example :

If both circles are selected close to the top this will be the result

If one circle is selected close to the top and the other close to the bottom this will be the result

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon

(ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected

(iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 1 (bottom)

(iv) Select the second element - Select Circle 2 (bottom)

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon

(ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected

(iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 3 (Left hand side)

(iv) Select the second element - Select Segment 1

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon

(ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected

(iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 3 (Right hand side)

(iv) Select the second element - Select Segment 1

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - DELETE ALL LINES

Using this command we will delete all the construction lines used in the creation of the T-slot.

EDIT - BREAK DIRECT

(i) Select the element to break - Select Circle 1 (C1) Where indicated

(ii) Select the element to break - Select Circle 2 (C2) Where indicated

(iii) Select the element to break - Select Circle 3 (C3) Where indicated

(iv) Select the element to break - Select Segment 1 (S1) Where indicated

EDIT - TRANSLATION

As the T-slot forms are exactly the same we can create a copy of the T-slot already created without having to reconstruct each T-slot form.

(i) Select the elements to copy - Create a selection window by simply moving your

curser to the window start point and with your LHM

button pressed down drag a selection box around

the element to copy. Finish the selection by

releasing the mouse button.

(ii) Select the reference point for translation - Select the `Incremental Translation' icon

(iii) Select the Multiple Copy button and enter a value of 2 as we require 2 further copies of the “T” slot

(iv) Enter a translation distance in X of 50mm

WIREFRAME - SEGMENT/LINE - PARALLEL

(i) Select the reference line - Select `Segment Line 1' (S1)

(ii) Select the distance 60mm (position below)

EDIT - MIRROR

With the 3 T-slot forms created we can use the `Mirror' command without having to reconstruct the T-slot shape.

Again, as we are making a copy it is important to have the `Copy' icon switched ON.

(i) Select the elements to mirror - Using a selection window, select all the

elements that create the 3 T-slot forms

(ii) Select the reference point - Select the `Intersection Point' icon

(iii) Select the mirroring axis - Select the X axis icon

(iv) Confirm the resulting mirror - RHM click to accept the results of the mirroring

operation.

STAGE 4: CREATE THE SET OF HOLES

When there are a number of elements equally positioned, we can create a matrix grid and apply a set of elements to that grid. The entire grid can then be treated as a group of elements. This functionality is often used with drilling cycles.

WIREFRAME - SET OF POINTS - MATRIX

(i) Select the application point - Using the `Cartesian Co-ordinate' icon select the

application point X-80, Y25, Z0

2. Define the Matrix parameters

No. of base points 4

Distance between points 20

Base angle 0

No. of vertical points 3

Distance between points 20

Vertical angle 90

As the hole detail has already been created inside the triangular slot, we can use the same hole geometry, and copy it onto the set of points

WIREFRAME - SET OF POINTS - COPY ONTO SET

(i) Select the set of points on which to copy - Select the set previously created

(ii) Select the elements to copy - Select the geometry of one hole

( Circle & Circle centre cross )

NOTE :

If selecting more than one entity, it is possible to both select the geometry using a window or selecting the `Block control' icon and selecting manually the elements to copy. It is also possible to keep the <CTRL> key depressed when manually selecting elements. This will work in exactly the same way as the `Block control' icon.

(iii) Select the application point - This will be the point at which the geometry being

copied will be positioned on the set.

(iv) Make sure the `Circle Centre' icon is selected

(v) Select the centre point - Select Centre Point 1 (P1)

STAGE 5: ANNOTATE THE DRAWING

When trying to annotate a drawing there are many methods possible to show each dimension. Following is an explanation of each dimension type :

1) Single Element :

This linear dimension can be defined parallel to the X axes, to the Y axes, or to the direction of a reference element joining the two reference POINTS or ELEMENTS

2) Angular Dimension :

This command creates an angular dimension between two segments or lines or between a segment/line and an axis reference.

3) Datum Dimension :

Generates a series of linear dimensions referenced from a common datum position and separated from each other by a user-defined distance (pitch).

4) Aligned Dimension :

Generates a series of aligned spatial linear dimensions. The first dimension is generated as though it where a linear spatial dimension parallel to a line, segment or an axis. Subsequent dimensions are generated automatically by selecting one point. Each dimension will be physically aligned with the first.

5) Ordinate Aligned :

Generates a series of aligned spatial linear dimensions. The first dimension is generated as though it where a linear spatial dimension parallel to a line. Subsequent dimensions are generated so that each dimension is physically aligned with the first.

Each dimension generated is a continuation of the last but with the same origin coincident with the first selected point and positioned on the same axis

6) Ordinate Positional :

Generates a series of linear dimensions referenced from a same origin and separated from each other, along a reference direction by a defined distance (pitch).

7) Diameter in Section :

Lets you include radial/diameter dimensions on sectional or side views of a part. It is commonly used, for example, in the dimensioning of turned parts.

8) Arc Length Dimension :

Creates the dimension for the length on an arc. The dimension can be represented in two different ways:

The first shows the length of the selected arc, the second shows the width of the arc.

9) Edit Dimension :

Allows you to modify and/or move one or more dimensions or text leaders that have previously been created.

10) Local Dimension Parameter:

Allows the setting of default dimension parameters within this workfile only.

11) Text :

Allows you to enter a text note onto the drawing.

12) Edit text :

Allows you to modify an existing text note.

13) Text Leaders :

Allows you to create a 2 (up to 4) point text leader.

14) Text Balloon :

Allows you to create a 2 (up to 4) point text balloon.

15) Quick hatch :

Allows quick cross hatching within a closed boundary.

16) Extended Circle:

Allows you to create a hole chart table

17) Circle Dimension :

Allows you to create a series of XY positions around any circle or arc

18) Point Dimension :

Allows you to create a series of XYZ text box's from a relative point

19) Extended Baloons Dimension :

Allows you to create a point chart relative to balloon positions

ANNOTATION - SINGLE ELEMENT

The dimensioning works using the `Points environment' and the `Element environment' for selection. If the `Points environment' is active a dimension can be struck from two points. If the `Element environment' is active only the single element needs to be selected to obtain the dimension.

(i) Make sure the Point environment is selected

(ii) Make sure the `Intersection Point' icon is selected

(iii) Select the first intersection point - Select point 1 (P1)

(iv) Select the second intersection point - Select point 1 (P2)

As the two selected points are not orthogonal the dimension will be automatically set to be `direct'. Using the icons available on the left hand side of the graphical area, select the `Horizontal Dimension' icon.

ANNOTATION - ANGULAR DIMENSION

The dimension type works using the `Element environment' for selection.

(i) Select the first reference element - Select segment 1 (S1)

(ii) Select the second reference element - Select segment 2 (S2)

3. Moving the mouse into the different angle quadrants will produce a different result. Select the one required.

ANNOTATION - SINGLE ELEMENT

(i) Make sure the Element environment is selected

(ii) Select the element - Select `Fillet 1' (F1)

Using what we have learned try to fully dimension the drawing in a similar fashion to the original specification (Page 8).

Here are some examples for you to work through. Please add the dimensions as shown on the drawings.

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3
Example 4

VERO UK

48

Datum Point

New construction Line

Include all

Include all

Line 2

Line 1

Newly Created Construction line

Point Environment

Set Grid Parameters

Sliding

Insert the Point Coordinates

Intersection Point

Parametric Point on a Segment/Arc

Quadrant of a Circle

Enhanced Picking

Enable / Disable Element Filter

Project onto Current Workplane

Select a Point with the Mouse

Nearest

Point in Polar Co-Ordinates

Two Element Intersection

Centre of a Circle / Arc

Point Filter

Equidistant Point

Set / Cancel Filters

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

Segment 2

Segment 1

Segment 4

Segment 3

Segment 3

Segment 4

Segment 2

Segment 1

Segment 7

Segment 8

Segment 6

Segment 5

Segment 2

Segment 1

Point 1 - P1

Reference Line - L1

Point 2 - P2

Reference Line - L1

Segment 3

Segment 1

Segment 2

Arc - A3

Arc - A1

Arc - A2

Default Settings

Both arcs and circles selected

Switch OFF the arc selection

Select All

Construction Line - C1

Segment 1

Construction line 2 - C2

Circle - (C2)

Circle - (C1)

Circle - (C3)

Segment - (S1)

Elements to COPY

Window Start Point

Release Mouse Button to make window selection

Incrementele translatie

S1

Reference point for mirror operation

Copy icon

Insert the Point Coordinates

Set of points

Point - P2

Point - P1

Horizontal

Dimension

Segment - S2

Segment - S1

Fillet 1 - F1

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