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Femur (thighbone):

The body’s largest bonę

Tibia (shinbone):

Carries most of the weight in the lower leg

Tonsils: Destroy eaten or inhaled germs

Lymph node: Removes germs from lymph passing through it

Lymph capillary:

Drains lymph

Lymph vessel:

Carries lymph received from lymph capillaries

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Skuli: Surrounds the brain and shapes the face

Scapula

(shoulder blade)

Ribs: Surround and protect the heart and lungs

Backbone (spine):

Supports the trunk and head

Pelvis: Supports the abdominal organs

Skeletal system

This jointed framework of bones supports the body and allows it to move. Some bones protect delicate body organs.

For example, skuli bones protect the brain.

Thymus gland:

Processes cells that fight infections

Spleen: Largest lymph gland

Thoracic duet: Empties lymph from the body’s lower and left side

Lymphatic and Immune system

The lymphatic system drains excess fluid (lymph) from the tissues and filters out germs. The immune system prevents infectious diseases by detecting and destroying invading germs.

. Brain: Processes signals to and from the body

	Spinał nerve: One
; ;łl	of31 pairs arising from the spinał cord Intercostal nerve:
	Controls muscles
	between the ribs
^1-	^1 Spinał cord: Relays
i i > i	\ ^ signals between brain

and body

. Sciatic nerve:

Controls thigh muscles that bend the knee

. Common peroneal nerve: nerve Controls shin muscles that lift foot

.Tibial nerve: Controls calf muscles that bend the foot downward

Nervous system

Sensory information is relayed by nerves to the spinał cord and brain, which receive and process the information then send out instructions to parts of the body via the nerves.

Intestines: Release hormones that stimulate the release of digestive enzymes

Pituitary gland:

Controls many other endocrine glands

.Thyroid gland:

Regulates the ratę at which food is converted into energy

Thymus gland:

Primes the body’s defense cells

Pancreas: Releases hormones that control blood glucose levels

Adrenal glands:

Release stress-controlling hormones

Ovaries: In women, release female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

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Mammary glands:

Produce milk to feed baby

Fallopian tubę:

Carries egg (ovum) from ovary to uterus

Ovary: Produces and releases eggs (ova)

Uterus: Hollow organ in which baby grows

_Vagina: Passage through which baby is born . Prostatę gland:

Activates sperm

Penis: Delivers sperm to female’s vagina

.Testes: Produce sperm

Left kidney: Shown open to reveal internal structure

Ureter: Carries urine from kidney to bladder

Bladder: Stores urine and releases it when convenient

Urethra: Carries urine from bladder to outside

Kidney: Contains one million nephrons, or filtering units, that produce urine

Endocrine system

The organs in this system produce messenger Chemicals called hormones that trigger growth and maintain body functions. Małe bodies produce the sex hormone testosterone.

Reproductive system

Men and women have very different reproductive systems. A female (main image) produces eggs, while the małe (circle) produces sperm. When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, it develops into a baby.

Urinary system

Kidneys form urine from waste substances and excess water and salts in the blood, which is stored in the bladder. When the bladder is fuli, urine is expelled from the body via the urethra.

Body systems 140|141

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