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Tell me morę:

East and West Germany

■    At the end of World War II, Germany was divided in two. The U.S.S.R. controlled the eastern parts, while the U.S.A., Great Britain, and France controlled the western parts.

■    The city of Berlin was divided into western and eastern zones, although it was entirely inside East Germany.

■    In 1948, the U.S.S.R. cut off all access to West Berlin. British and U.S. airplanes had to fly in supplies to keep the people from starving.

■    In 1961, the East German government erected a concrete wali across the city to prevent its citizens from fleeing to the west.

■    The Berlin Wall stood for nearly 30 years, until the collapse of communism in Eastern Europę in 1989. A few months later, East and West Germany were reunited.

Celebrating the fali of the Berlin Wall

Former Eastern European communist countries ^ Albania ^ Bułgaria ^ Czechoslovakia ^ East Germany ^ Hungary Poland Romania ^ Yugoslavia

U.S.S.R.

01: It supported global communism.

02: After World War II, it stationed troops in Eastern Europę and took control of the “Eastern Bloc.”

03: In 1955, it set up the Warsaw Pact—a military and political alliance of Eastern European communist States.

04: Its highest deployment of nuclear warheads was 45,000 (1986).

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U.S.S.R. October 1957

Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite in history, is launched

October 1959

Luna 3 sends back the first photos of the Moon’s far side

April 1961

Yuri Gagarin completes the first manned space flight on board Vostok 1

June 1963

Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman cosmonaut

March 1965

Alexei Leonov makes the first spacewalk

February 1966

Luna 9 makes the first successful landing of a spacecraft on the Moon

What was the Cold War?

Superpowers

■ A superpower is an extremely powerful State that uses its military and economic might to dominate other nations and influence world politics.

■ Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the U.S.A. has been the world’s only superpower.

■ There are signs that China’s growing economic strength may give it superpower status in the futurę.

This was a period of tension between the U.S.S.R. (the Soviet Union, now Russia) and the U.S.A. The Cold War lasted for morę than 40 years and brought the world close to conflict. During this time, the rival superpowers built up enough nuclear weapons to destroy the planet.

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Blasts from the past

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