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Index

Mathcmatics (Contmued)

tutoring, 13; instruction vcry poor at thc University of Vicnna, 13, 14; ncvcr learncd set ihcory, 14; mathe-matical undcrstanding not good cnough to undcrstand Einstein'* thcory in de-tail, 262; Mach becomcs profcssor of mathcmatics at Graz, 24; publishcd no papcrs in mathcmatics, 25; mcrcly a tool to relate thc appcarances, 65; less certain than sensations, 176; mathe-matical functions thc hcight of scicn-łific cconomy, 168-172; can induce a tcndcncy toward mysticism, 175; not prominent in Mach's philosophy, 178; opposcd to spcculativc mathcmatical systems, 192; cmpirical and historical account of thc devclopment of mathe-matics rcjcctcd. 174-176; New Realists (and pońtivists) opposed Mach’s at-tempt at a phenomenalistie reduction of mathcmatics, 202; mcniioned, 90, 249

Mattcr: as unscientific as thc human soul, 86; a problem for Mach, 253; "a men-tal symbol for a rclatively stablc com-plex of rensational clcmcnts,” 322; was Maeh't manuscript on "thc constirution of matter" destroyed?, 284, 354 Mauihncr, Fritz (speech philosopher and formrr student of Mach): influence on Wittgenttein, 185-186 Mazwcll, James Clcrk: a phenomenalist according to Frank. 223: mentioned, 43, 87. 186, 248. 263, 267 Mayer, A.: mentioned, 230 Mayer. Robert: co-dis<ovcrer of thc con-sersation of energy, 84; opposed Boltzmann’s work, 87; rcjcctcd rcality of atoms, 87-88: admired by Ostwald, "7

Meaning: contingent on epistemology and ontology. 92; vcrification thcory of. 305-307. See also Rcfcrcnce, thcory of Mechanics: defined, 85; has no priority in pbyitM, 85: Mach wanted to rc-strict its scope, 88; evidence thc same for what U not mcchanical, 178; mo-tion revrr*ible but entropy not. 88; Mach"* Iccturcs on, 14, 156; Science of Mechanics publishcd, 89-90; Newton'* idrat on mechanics criticized, 90-104; CuUure and Mechanics publishcd, 271-272: Hertz’* idcas on, 120; Einstein’* praise of Newton’* approach to mechanics as superior to that of

Mach, 258. See also Dynamics; Ktne-malks; Mass; Forcc; Boltzmann; Newton; Einstein

Mechanics, quantum. See Quantum thcory Mcchanistlc cxplanation; usc by Waison, 70; by I.ccb, 131; indispensible in cvcryday lifc, 216; not refuted but scope of application limited, 216; rcjcctcd by Mach, 192-193, 205, 215; rcjcctcd by Ostwald, 192-193; Adlcr's book against it, 301

Medicine: Mach’s physics Iccturcs for med-ical students, 14, 41; physics book for medical students, 14; suggestion about mcntal patients, 16; work on blood pressure mcasuring instruments. 20-21 Mcinong, Alcxius (Graz philosopher-psychologist): doscr to Gcstalt position than Mach, 48: student of Brcntano, 62; less talent than Brcntano, 161 Mcitner, Lisc (atomie physicist and student of Boltzmann): considcrcd Mach vcry skeptical of modern dcvclopmcnts in physics, 201; enjoycd Boltzmann'* Iccturcs, 208; mentioned, 222 Mclsens, Louis (Bclgian scicntist): Mach heard his lecture on projcctilc wounds in Paris, 105

Melsens’s thesis: dcscribcd, 105; exam-incd by Mach, 109; refuted by Mach (i.c., projectiles not shock wavc causc wounds), 111-112 Mendel, Gregor: mentioned, 130 Mcnćelism: opposition of Karl Pcarson and "biomctricians” to, 169; mentioned, 245

Mengcr, Karl: discusscd Mach’s rcticcncc on Georgc Berkeley, 27; associatcd with thc Vienna Circlc, 302; wrote (1960) introduction to Mach's Science of Mechanice, 327

Mcrzkirch, Wolfgang F. (German physicist and historian of science): de-scribed Mich’s work on shock wavcs, 105. 107, 113 Mctaphysics:

—as spccuhtivc theorizing: most scien-tists opposed to, 33

—as thc study of rcality (i.c., philosoph-ical usc of word): aniele by Thomas Cisę on, 327

—as thc study of noncxpcrirncablc rcality (i.e., positivistic usc of word): Mach'* defmitions of, 32, 33, 229; Mach ha* ontology but no mciaphysic*. 167-168: opposition of Mach to, 167-168, 294;

Mich rcjcctcd as mctaphysical Fech-ncr'* "*ide«," 29; absolute spiec, timc, and motion, 99-100; Schopcnhauer'i Will not mctaphysical, 63; vcrifiability principlc opposed to. 306; Vienna Cir-de opposed to, 309; Locb's opposition to. 130; P!anck’s denial that science can crtirely exdudc, 219: Einstein'* daim that evcryonc in fact has a mctaphysicj,

258

Metric spacc. See Spacc, metric Metric limc. See Timc, metric Metternich, Princc: mentioned, 4 Meyer, Stefan (Vicnna ecicntut and fermer student of Boltzmaon): elaimed to have bccn present when Mach ac-ccptcd rcality of atom*, 319; his story' supported by Karl Przibram, 32C; may hivc bccn wrony, 321-322 Michaclson-Morley cxpcrimcnts: influcnced Mach colony (Zurich), 190 Microphotography: Mach's suggestiont about, 16

Mil!, John Stuart: not a referenda! phe-nomcnaliit, 32; a positisist in a broad sensc, 165; Einstein rcjcctcd hi* cpistc mological phenomenalism, 258; men-toncd, 139, 150. 192 Millikan, Robert: iinprcsicd by Boltz mann’s argument* against cncrgeticism, 205; mentioned battle over atoraism at St. Louis, 210

Minkowski, Hermann: lcctured on four dimensions, 260: Mach wanted Frank to help clarify MinkowskiS idcas for him, 264; Mach briefly praiscd Minkowski, 252, 253, 261; Mach opposed four-dimcnsional approach, 275; Mach apparently felt his idcas wcrc gelting too much attention, 266 Mcdcls, use of in science: Madj’s model to demonstratc semicircular canal oper-ation, 54; Mach not opposed to on a provisional basis, 178; Duhnn opposed to, 196

Modernism (Catholic): mentioned, 104 Modern physics (contrastcd with classical physics): distinction madc by Hertz. 119; labclcd by Boltzmann and Poincare, 119; originally understood largely svithin thc contcxt of Mach‘s philosoph-ical idcas, iao; many turn-of-thc-ccntury physicists bclicved gravitation and ciec-tromagnetism linkcd, 261-261; Ein-stcin*s work scerncd a continuation of Mach's criticism of Newton, 350-451

Molecules: Mach', unmccessful mani work with, 21; Loxhmidt*s calcula-tions on thc size and density of, g₇-F.mstem’s work on Brownian mobon’. 316-217; Boltzmann'* kinctic ihcwry of gases, 87-90, 216, 218 MÓleseŁott, Jakob (German idendst-philoiopher): a monistic materulist, 57; mentioned, 130-131 Monisrn, neutral. See Neutral monism Monistic movement (a group opposed to minć-matter duaJism and octological pluralism): Carus's msgazine The Mon-•tt. 139; Hacckel, prerident of German Monistic Society, 193; Ostwald presided over First International Monistic Con-gress, 193-194; Mach repudiated 0*r-wald*s organization. 194 Moorc, G. E.: mentioned, xi, 200 Motion:

—Absolute: Newton*s cefinitions of, 94-95; explanarion of, 334-335; budcet expcriment on, 101-104; Mich'* enri-cism of, 100-104: Einstein's light con-stancy princplc, 248. 250, 258, 281-282: Mach'* criticism of, 274-275. 277. 285: mentioned, 183 —Newton'* laws of: rclated to mass ar reiidcnt forer, 93

—RcJatnrc: Newton'* definitions of, 94-95; cxp!anation of, 334-335! ahould not be confasrd with apparrnt motion, 99; Mach’s belief ihat all motion u rclative, 99-100

Motor senutions (feelings of mobon. dizzyness, unbalancc): Mach'* work on. 51—55; his cxplanatńn for 53: Mach's thcory criticized. 53; his Iccturcs on. 156-157; Mich's book on, 54: Russian interest in Mach's work, 337 Muller, Johannes (Geiman ph)iiołogiit): Mach influcnced by his idea* on nam-istic spacc, speafic nem energie*, and thcory’ M inncrobcn. 55! phmtasros and halluciiutions, 56 Murpby, Gatdncr: crincal of Mach* conceprion of Gestalt phcoomcna for supporting a "tottering struituraltsm."

48

Mulic: Mach', interes: m musac. musi-cia.is. and musie thcory. 15*

47-48, 57! m muskał composibon. 44>

187    , .

Mu.il, Robert (Austrian oovel.it) wwjc

dissertation on Mach's phdwphy. 188; hi. \hn nilhout Qnalitiet refleets as-

399