5

UNIT I

FEATURES OF THE HUMAŃ BODY

The human body is composed of millions of cells which work together to maintain life. The cells unitę to form tissues (the muscle, the bonę, etc.); the tissues combine to form organs (the heart, the skuli, etc.), and different organs are organized into Systems (the circulatory system, the skeletal system, etc.).

The human body consits of the following parts: the head, the neck, the trunk, upper and lower linibs. The head which is ovoid in shape has a face in front. The eyes protected by the eyelids and eyelashes are situated on both sides of the nose. The forehead lies above the eyes and the cheeks lie below them. The mouth is bóunded by upper and lower lips. The lowest part of the face is called the chin. The head is joined to the trunk by the neck.

The trunk is the largest part of the body. It consists of two main cavities: The thorax (or the chest) and the abdomen. They are separatedby a dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. The thorax lies above the diaphragm and the abdomen lies below it.

The upper limbs are composed of three segments: the arm, the forearm and the hand with four fingers and one thumb. The lower limbs are also divided into three parts: the thigh, the leg and the foot with toes. The joints of the upper limbs are: the shoulder joint, the elbow and the wrist. The joints of the lower limbs are: the hip joint, the knee and the ankle.

The armpit (or axilla) is the hollow under the upper part of the arm and below the shoulder joint. The groin is the hollow at the junction of the inner part of each thigh with the trunk.

Fig. 1. The human body

E. Donesch-Jeżo - English for Medical Students and Doctors - 1

Word List

•    abdomen [ceb'daum3n; 'sebdsmsnl - jama brzuszna

•    affect [3'fekt] - atakować

(choroba)

•    ankle [32r\klJ - kostka u nogi

•    arm [a:m] - ramią

■ armpit [’a:mpit] - pacha

•    bcnd [bcnd] - schylać się,

zginać

•    body ['bodi] - ciało

•    bonę [baun] - kość

•    calf [ka:f] - łydka

•    cavity ['kaeviti] - jama

•    ccii [scl] - komórka

•    chcek [tji:k] - policzek

•    chcst [tjesl] - klatka

piersiowa

•    chin [tjin] - broda,

podbródek

•    consist (of) [kan'sist]

-    składać się (z)

•    diaphragm ['daiafraem]

-    przepona

•    elbow ['clbauj - łokieć

•    eye [ai] - oko

«eyelash ['ailaejd - rzęsa

•    eyelid ['ailid] - powieka

•    face [feisj - twarz

•    foot [fiit], (pl.) fcct [fi:t]

-    stopa

•    forearm [’fo:ra:m]

przedramię

•    forehead ['foTid] - czoło

•    groin [groin] - pachwina

•    hand [hacnd] - ręka, dłoń

•    head [hed] - głowa

•    heart [ha:t] - serce

•    hollow ['holaul wydrążony

•    hip [hip] - biodro

•    joint [d3ointj - staw

•    knee |ni:J — kolano

•    leg [leg] - podudzie

•    limb [lim] - kończyna

•    lip [lip] - warga

•    loin [ioin] - lędźwie

•    maintain [mcin’tein]

- utrzymać (na tym samym poziomie)

•    mouth [mauG] - usta

•    navel [’neival] - pępek

•    neck [nek] - szyja

•    nose [nausj - nos

•    overdo [auvD'du:] -

przemęczyć się

•    radiatc ['rcidicit]

-    promieniować

•    shoulder ['Jbuldaj - bark

•    skuli [skAl] - czaszka

•    spinc [spain] - kręgosłup

•    stab [st$b] — wbić, ukłuć

•    thigh [Gai] — udo

•    thorax ['GoiTaeks] - kiatka

piersiowa

•    thumb [GAm] - kciuk

•    tingling ['tiąglią]

-    mrowienie, cierpnięcie

•    tissuc ['tiju:,'tisju:]

-    tkanka

•    toc [tou] - palec u nogi

•    trunk [IrAąk] - tułów

•    wrist [rist] nadgarstek