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Contrasting pairs		with	[ai] and	[«]:
high	hay	time	tamę	white	wait	tries	trays
sigh	say	limę		light	Ute	rice	race
be	Uy	minę	mam	ńght	ratę	ice	ace
Contrasting pairs		with	[ai] and	[°ij:
tie	toy	tile	toil	vice	voice	buya	boye
buy		bile	bod	p“	point	imply	employ
	2. Diphthongs			gliding	towards [n]; |		[au, »u]

_t    ^{Fi& 35- Di}P^h,h°ⁿ«^a [«•]. i»^ui

§ 52. Diphthongs with [-u] as the target element differ in starting points and the degree to which their second element approaches [u]. The shifts in tongue positions are marked in Fig. 35.

Diphthong |au|

This diphthong is sim3ar to Polish au in auto, and its firet element is virtually identical to it in ąuality, but (1) the glide towards [u] is slower and morę gradual, (2) the target point is English [u], lower and morę central, with stronger lip-rounding than Polish u, (3) the target point is not reached and the tongue rises only to the height of o.

In word-final position and before a voiced consonant [au] is quite long:

now, how, cow, brow, row, praw, sow, bow, wow, row down, town, down, brown, owi, crowd pound, sound, round, found, doud, loud

Notę 1. Before yoiceless consonants [au] is somewhat shorter: out, shout, scout stout, trout, cóuch, house, mouse, pouch

Nolr 2. In longer words [au] is also relatiyely shorter.

doud    doudy    fowl    fowler    brown    brownish

eount    county    found    foundcr    down    downish

luud    loudest    round    roundcr    down    Downing

Notę 3. In the position before [a], the second element is even morę rmluced, and the diphthong is simply pronounced as [aa], or in morę P inpiil speech it is completely level]ed to a long front retracted [a:]. (llowever it ought to be differentiated from the long [o:], which is

huck).

(lower, tower, show er, bower, power, our, hour, sour, flour Notę 4. As an exception, before -el, it is [a] which is reduced and not [u] n.g.: Iowel, vowel are pronounced [taual], [vausl] or [taul], [vaul].

O 53. This diphtliong occurs in such words as no, go, old, cold, open. Although in the earlier editions of the English Pronouncing Dictionary hy Daniel Jones it was transcribed as [ou], which reflected the conservative pronunciation, in present-day R.P. its articulation starts neitlier with Polish o nor with English [o] or [o:]. The initial sound is very close to English [a:] or [a], but the lips are rounded, not neutral (see Fig. 37 mul 38a). From this position the tongue gradually rises to the position of [u], without quite reaching it, while the lips become morę closely rounded (see Fig. 38b).

a

Fig. 37. English [au]

a

Fig. 36. Polish ou

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