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Contrasting pairs with [ai] and [ei]:

high	hay	limę	tamę	white	wait	tjjeg	tray*
s»gh	say	limę	lamę	light	late	lice	race
be	Uy	minę	main	right	ratę	ice	ace
Contrasting pairs with			[ai] and	łoi]:
tie	toy	tile	toil	rice	voice	buys	boya
buy	boy	bile	bod	pint	point	imply	employ

- Diphthongs gliding towards [n]; [au. au]

^rm _t    Fig. 35. Diphthonp (au), [»u]

§ 52. Diphthongs with J-u] as the target element differ in starting pointa and the degree to which their second element approaches [u]. The shifts in tongue positions are marked in Fig. 35.

*• Diphthong |au|

This diphthong is similar to Polish au in auto, and its firat element is virtually identical to it in ąuality, but (1) the glide towards [u] is dower and morę gradual, (2) the target point is English [u], lower and morę central, with stronger lip-rounding than Polish u, (3) the target point is not reached and the tongue rises only to the height of o.

In word-final position and before a voiced consonant [au] is quite long:

now, how, cow, brow, row, praw, sow, bow, wow, row down, town, down, brown, owi, crowd pound, sound, round, found, doud, loud

Notę 1. Before voicdess consonants [au] is somewhat shortcr: out, shout, scout, atout, trout, couch, house, mouse, pouch

Nule Z In longer words [au] is also relatively shorter.

Umnpaie:

cloud    doudy    fowl    fowler    brown    brownish

nnint    county    found    founder    down    downish

loud    loudest    round    rounder    down    Downing

Notę 3. In the poeition before [a), the second element is even morę reiliK-ed, and the diphthong is simply pronounced as [aa], or in morę rapid speech it is completely levelled to a long front retracted [a:] (II. >wever it ought to be differentiated from the long [«:], whicli is Itack).

Ilower, tower, shower, bower, power, our, hour, sour, flour Notę 4. As an exception, before -el, it is [a] which is reduced and not [u] fl.g.. towel, vowel are pronounced [taual], [vaual] or [taul], [vaul].

9U    b. Diphthong |du|

ty 53. This diphthong occurs in such words as no, go, old, cold, open. Although in the eaHier editions of the English Pronouncing Dictionary by Daniel Jones it was transcribed as [ou], whicli reflected the conservativc pronunciation, in present-day R.P. its articulation starts neitlier with Polish o nor with English [o] or [o:]. The initial sound is very close to English [a:] or [a], hut the lips are rounded, not neutral (see Fig. 37 and 38a). From this position the tongue gradually rises to the position of [u], without quite reaching it, while tlie lips become morę closely rounded (see Fig. 38b).

Fig. 37. English [au|

Fig. 36. Polirfi ou