czytanie teksty (13)

re are exceptions to the rulc of małe insects being r than the females. and some of these exceptions elligible. Size and strength would be an advantage males which fight for the possession of the s, and in these cases, as with the stag-beetie ius). the males are larger than the females. There '\vever, other beetles which are not known to fight ;r, of which the males exceed the females in size, e meaning of this fact is not known, but in some >e cases, as with the huge Dynastę? and Mega-we can at least see that there would be no ty for the males to be smaller than the females, r to be matured before them, for these beetles are 3rt-lived, and there would be ample time for the of the sexes.

:cording to the author

małe insects are always smaller than females in a given species naturę provides differences between sexes to insure successful reproduction size and strength protect females from other females

longevity is characteristic of the Dynastes and Megasoma 'i • in the stag-beetle females are larger than the males

lere małe beetles are smaller than female beetles,

s because    rv •

they have to fight for their mates

they are morę intelligent

they are ephemeral creatures

there is ample time for mating

they do not have to fight for their mates

e paragraph preceding this one probably

discusses a generalization about the size of ani-

mals

develops the idea that małe insects do not live

long after maturity

discusses małe and female beetles

emphasizes that beetles are belligerent animals

discusses insect behavior

e małe Lucanus is particularly

adaptabłe

strong

intelligent

belligerent

stagriant

ta-

Most people do not think of fishes and other marinę animals as having voices, and of those who are aware of the fact that many of them can “speak,” few under-

tend that these “conversations” have significance. Actu-their talk may be as meaningful as much of our por example, some sea animals use their “voices” ffocate their food in the ocean expanses; others, to let fir fellows know of their whereabouts; and still others, means of obtaining mates. Sometimes, “speaking” lay even mean the difference between life and death to ^ marinę animal. It appears in some cases that when a ftpredator approaches, the prey depends on no morę than ithe sóunds it makes to escape.

fepjsh sounds are important to man, also. By listening f_t0^em he can learn a great deal about the habits of the I? creatures that make them, the size of the schools they feorm, the pattems of their migrations, and the naturę of lf|he epvironments in which they live. He can also apply fehis information to the morę effective utilization of the fpjjstening posts he has set up to detect enemy submarines. tyA knowledge of fish sounds can avoid confusion and flunneeded effort when a “new” sound is picked up and Ifthe sound sentry must decide whether or not to cali an Ę alert.

Ili

£21. Which of the following statements is supported 'Ś?L by the information given? Noises produced by fish ||p ‘    1. are apparently random

fi 2. are used by fishermen to increase their catch

3.    can be utilized to tell whether or not a submarine fiiv __ is nearby

./ a

4.    can confuse users of submarine-detection equip-ment

Which of the following statements can best be in-ferred from the information given?

1.    Fish noises cannot be transmitted through air.

2.    Hearing in fishes is morę acute than in people.

3.    The chief use of “fish voices” is to enable one fish to communicate with another fish.

4.    The significance of some fish noises has been studied.