scan 8 (11)

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KoHKypc «3HaMfliTb TaeMHMHMx repoiB* flJia nepeflnnaTHMKiB ycboro 2012 poKy

Bnpi>KTe pi naann i Ha«neHTe ix y BiflnoBiflHy KniTHHKy «UJKUlbHOTO KAJlEHflAPfl 2012», hkhh 6yno HaflpyKOBaHo y nepmoMy HOMepi >KypHany. nepefl bbmh 5-h i 6-1 na3nn. OrpMMaBiuM Bci HOMepn 3a 2012 piK, cnpo6ynTe 3H3hth t3Cmhhhhx repoiB, BKi 3axoBa/iHca b KapTHHpi.

Oóeedimb ix ‘-tepeoHoto niHioo. Ot TOfli, flna ynacTi y KOHKypci, Bnpi>KTe CKneeHy KapTHHKy i HafliainiTb iiflo peflaKpii. Ilpu3u nepeMowupM Hadiudymb noLumoto. BawaeMO ycnixiB!

flBopi. KapaBaH-capai Ha floporax 3MiflHK)BanHCH 06OPOHHHMM CTiHa-mh a6o npMCflHyBanHca flo peMic-HO-no6yTOBnx nepeflMicTb i KynbTO-bhx 6yfliBenb. Ha TpaH3MTHHX uma-xax KapaBaH-capai cTa/in BTpanaTH cboc 3HaneHHH 3 po3bhtkom cynac-HHX BHfliB TpaHcnopTy.

y TypenHHHi 36epemoca noHafl cto KapaBaH-capaiB, oflHaK bohm He cfDyHKflioHyiOTb, xona flOCTynHi eKC-KypcaHTaM hk My3e'i. Ha 3MiHy pum 3aKnaflaM npHHLunH cynacHi ro-Teni, HKi, florofl>KaK)HM tocthm, Bpa->KaK)Tb pi3HOMaHiTHicTio nocnyr i

TypeiĄbKuu KapaeaH-capau

KiMHaTu flna no,qopo>KHix, ane i npn-fl/ia 36epiraHH« pewien, crai/mi, KpaMHupi, MancrepHi to-L140. Toieni, hk npaBuno, 6yqyBanH 3 KaMeHKD. y 3MMOBMM nac ix o6irpi-Bann. TaM 6ynn na3Hi, Maca>KHi, npanbHi, nocnym HHLpeHHH B3yrra. Hamaflann 3a nopaflKOM, hhctotoio i flOTpuMaHHaM 3aK0HH0CTi npn Ha-flaHHi nocnyr flepwaBHi hhhobhh-kh - eflinn. y 3ai>Kfl>KMx flBopax 060-b'h3kobo Mann BecTM cnucoK rocTew i 6yxranTepito.

AAJlEKMii CXIfl

HaMHacTime rocTHMH 3ai>Kfl>KHX flBopiB 6y/in BaBunoHCbKi Kynpi. I Lpo6 3a6e3neHmM im cnoKiHHHH i 6e3neHHHki npoi'3fl floporaMH, cKpi3b y Cupii, rianecTUHi, Grumi Ta BaBn-noHi CTBopiotoTbCfi KapaBaH-capai.

KapaBaH-capai, a6o KapaBaHHi 6yqnHKM, cnyryBann THMnacoBHM npmynKOM flna thx, xto noflopowy-BaB Ha Bep6/iioflax. Bohu CTann no-nepeflHHKaMM 3ai>Kfl>Koro flBopy fljia noLUTOBoro TpaHcnopTy.

KapaBaH-capai 6y-nn po3TaiuoBaHi Ha Tepmopii cynacHoi TypeHHMHH, IpaHy,

Acf)raHicTaHy i niBHin-hoi iHflii Ha BifldaHi OflHoro flHH Lunaxy OflHH Bifl OflHoro. Th-hobhh KapaBaH-ca-pan CKJiaflaBca 3 BHy-TpilJJHbOrO flBOpMKa flrm TBapHH i npocTnx KiMHaT flna MaHflpiB-HMKiB. no fl0p03i Bifl cynacHoro CiaM6yna flo niBHNHoi iHflii (nanap Tafl>K-Maxaji) MaHfl-piBHHK Mir BiflnOHMTH i 3H8HTH 3a-XHCT Bifl 6aHflHTiB, BHiCLUM 3a Hafla-Hi nocnym neBHy nnaiy.

TypKM-cenbfl>KyKH, mo no6yfly-Banw 6araTO KapaBaH-capaiB, Mip-KyBanM TaK, iflo KOweH MaHflpiBHHK He3ane>KHO Bifl HapioHanbHOCTi h penirii mbb oflepwyBaTH Ha ipn flHi Hinnir i3 xapHyBaHHHM, MeflHHHHM flomaflOM, a 6iflH«KM OTpnMyBann 3a paxyHOK flepwaBH i HOBe B3yrm. nicnH 3aKiHneHHH flboro TepMiHy noflopo>KHiM MaB a6o nnaTMTH 3a npo>KHBaHHH 1 HaflaHe MOMy o6cnyroByBaHHH, a6oBnpyajainflani.

OcKinbKM noflopo>KHi Mann BemiKy KinbKicTb B’łOHHHX TBapHH Ta HMM3-nm BaHTa>K, 6yflyBa/iH KapaBaH-capai y cpopMi BennKHx rpoMaflCbKHx 6y-fliBenb He nmue b MicTax, ane i Ha floporax, y Hace-neHHx nyHKTax. KapaBaH-capan 6yB oflHonacHO 3a-l>Kfl>KHM i TOprOBenbHHM flBOpOM.

Oco6nnBoro nowHpe-hhh Taxi 3aKnafln Ha6ynn b IX-XVIII CToniTTHX nepe3 3poc-T3HHH MiCT i nOCHTieHHH TpaH3HTHOI KapaBaHHOiTopriBni.

y KapaBaH-capaax flna po3Mi-LfleHHH rnoflen i 36epe>KeHHH TOBa-piB cnopy,q>KyBann BiflKpHTi y BHyT-piujHiM flBip HeBenHKi npHMiLpeHHH,

po3TamoBaHi b oahh a6o KinbKa npyciB, a TBapMHH 3HaxoflnnncH y

CBOCK) P03KILULUI0.

KHIBCbKA PYCb

nepiui 3aicnaflM rocTHHHocTi Ha TepHTOpil yKpaiHH BHHMKTIM B XII-XIII ct., y nepiofl eKOHOMiHHoro Ta noniTMHHoro po3BHTKy Kn'iBCbKo'i Pyci. 3-noMi>K hhx, hk i b iHinnx Kpai-Hax, BiflOMi 3ai>Kfl)Ki flBopn, po3Ta-luoBaHi oflMH Bifl OflHoro Ha BiflCTaHi KiHHoro nepexofly, KOTpi Ha3HBann «HMaMM».

I3 po3bhtkom noLUTOBoro cnony-MeHHH TaKi flBOpH CTBOpKDBaJIH 6i/lfl nOLJJTOBHX CTaHfliH. y BenHKHX Mic-Tax nonanM bhhhk3th rocTHHi abo-pH. Bohu Bnpi3Hflnncfl bhulimm KOMCłJOpTOM nopiBHHHO i3 3a'i>Kfl->khmm flBopaMH, TxHiMn nocnyraMH KopncTyBanncb HacaMnepefl Kynpi Ta flep>xaBHi cny>K6oBMi. TyT 6yno HaBiTb CTBopeHO yMOBH flfiH npoBe-fleHHH KOMeppiMHHx onepapiii - bh-OKpeMnioBanncb KpaMHHpi, ToproBi paflH, CK/iaflCbKi npMMiifleHHH. Toc-THHi flBopn nacTo oropofl>KyBann 06OPOHHHMM CTiHaMM, 6aLUTaMM, bohh ManHfleKinbKa b’i3hmx BopiT.

Ha HyMapbKMX i ToproBHx lutih-xax yKpaiHH nocnyrn rocTHHHocTi HaflaBann kophmh. B OKpeMHX peri-OHax ix Ha3HBann «ljuhhkh» a6o «KOpHMH-3ai'3flH».

CboroflHi y Haiuin KpaiHi icHye po3BHHeHa CTpyKTypa roTeniB. 5a-raTO 3 hhx MaioTb tbkhh piBeHb o6c-nyroByBaHHH, ipo fl03Bonae npnn-MaTH HaHnoHecHiujHX rocTen 3 ycix KyTOHKiB CBiTy.

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