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Gorgiem neck-protecting nrmour Guaite militia obligation to defend city walls Gualdane raiding tactics Guarnarra a coat

Guastatori ilu* infantry used to ra\age enemy territory (literally ‘spoilers’)

Guelf supporter of the Papacy in quarrels with the Emperor

Haubnb a coat of mail

Indumentum a ‘suit’ of three garments

Intmda an undergarment for the upper part of the body

Itwenes inferioris artisan and worker sections of urban society

Lameria coat-of-plates body armonr

Lanzelongbe long infantry spears

Lorica mail hauberb

Magistn balistarum a ‘master crossbowman’ who supemsed the constmction, maintenance and repair of crossbows Manaria \var-axe

Mn ni lingę mail sleeves covering the hands Mnnirn di ferm iron gauntlets Mantellnm overcoat Marinella beli on a rarrorrio Ma nu cen sliort coat of Sardinian origin Mnsehern face protection, usually of mail Masnada foliowing of a military leader Miles; m Hit es kniglus, later including the wealthier urban middle class

Monstra registration where soldiers present tbemselves, their followers and their horses at a military encampment Xai*cschi Siena’s gnild-based goYcrning body. composed of nine (nove) members

Nut a rcYoh ing piece set into the stock of a crossbow ubieli releases the bowstring Osbergum mail bnuberk Padiglione mail a\ en taił

Paio di rnrnzze leather cuirass or coat-of-plates

Panrenn smaller form of mail armonr

Pantera light wagon used to construct field fortifications

Par pełli urn an oeercoat

Partiginnn staff-weapon

Paterfamilia technical head of a family, recognised by law

Pavesań infantrymen with a large mantlet-shield

Pnvese tali mantlet-shield which was rested on the ground

Pedites infantry

Pelles o\ercoat

Pelliccin short coat

Pennto specialised staff-weapon with a hook on one side, similar to the ronco Pennonień junior officers Perpunto quilted soft armonr Piatini piąte armour

Pieve group of parishes in the Florentine contado Pilurica rough, coarse-wool garments worn by the poor Pinions flights of a crossbow bolt (arrow)

Podesta paid ofTicial reeruited to ‘rule’ an urban or rural community

Podestańle an urban police district under the control of the Podesta,

Popolo rule by the non-aristocratic, urban middle class (the popolani)

Popolo Grasso members of greater guilds Popolo Minuto members of minor guilds

Posse militia formation charged with maintaining law and order

Priori gnild-based governing body in Florence, composed of the wealthier citi/ens

Pmvost official in charge of maintaining law and order Pu gna infantry militia training exercise (hiarrel crossbow bolt (arrow) with a four-sided head Renonis a short coat

Ribaldi those who manned siege engines (literally ‘ruffians’) Ricordi books of family advice and particulars, passed on between generations Rocca a castle in a raised location Ronco; mneone bill or staff-weapon Ronzini pack horses Rotella smali round shield Rumor military alarm or summons Salinę measure of Yolume (equi\'alcnt to eight barrels)

Scagni a pedestal to support larger types of crossbow Scudai shield-makers Sc u den shield carrier Scudo generał term for a shield

Senńlia debila military obligation owed by citizens to the State Sesto Florentine city quarter

Signona aristocratic rule under one man (a signore)

Sorietas militum the ‘society of kniglus’, a political faction Societas peditum the ‘society of foot soldiers’, a political faction Sorietas popali the ‘society of the people’, a political faction Societates armorum armed militia companies Soldien poor men who took the place of wealthier militiamen for payment Spadaccino a light-infantry foot soldier Spadaro sword-maker Spallieie shoulder protectors Spiedo jaYelin or infantry spear Spingarda large cross bo w-type siege weapon Spontone, spuntone short infantry spear Springald see spingarda

Stipendia militum obligation for militia senice

Stipendiań ‘foreign’ professional troops on a city’s payroll

Strapecta quilted soft-armour worn on the torso

Tabulaceiaii shield carriers

Tabulaccio large shield

Tacca an archer’s thumb ring

Tallin militum tax paid instead of militia senice

Targa a smali shield

Tavolacciai shield-makers

Terra de areubus crossbow rangę

Torre urban or rural fortified tower

Tmmbetta militar\^r trumpet

Tubatores official trumpeters of a comune

Tunica long shirt, almost to the knees, for men

Yagineri scabbard and sheath-makers

Valvassoń knights

Yastatoń see guastatori

Yendetta officially recognised system of controlled Yengeance Yenticinquina militia unit of twenty-fiYe men Yerga sardesca infantry⁷ jaYelin of Sardinian origin Yessilli militia unit with nominał allegiance to a particular banner (vexillum)

Yexillum military unit banner

Yiretoni crossbow bolt designed to spin in the air

Xurteń night-watch militia companies in Palermo

Zuppa; zupone, zuparane quilted armour (from the Arabie jubbah]