m231G

Legende de St. Denis, French c.1317. Although the seated man on the left wears fanciful scalę armour, the rest of the eąuipment appears to be genuine, including scale-coveredgauntlets. Notę the ąuilted neck and leg defences of the man with the curved falchion and the smali round buckler hung on the scabbard of a man on the far right. (Ms. Fr. 2ogo-2, f.i2gr, Paris)

Gj: Flemish urban militia crossbowman Most militiamen would have simpler eąuipment like this man, who is protected by a close-fitting cemelliere and a basie mail hauberk. His buckler shield has a reinforced iron rim. His crossbow was spanned by a new system of hooks and pulleys, also hanging from his belt. (Main sources: shield from Amsterdam, I3th-i4th cent.; sword, mid-i3th cent. Landes-museum, Zurich; The Courtrai Chest, Flemish early iąth cent. New College, Oxford; Shrine of St. Odilia, painted chest 1292, Treasury of Monastery of Kolen-Kerniel)

H: Knightly dubbing ceremony, 0.1328:

Hi: French baron

Here a senior lord wears a complicated chaperon hat and a wide-sleeved garnache cloak over his tunic. (Main sources: carvings of 1324 in situ Westminster Abbey, London)

H2: French sąuire being dubbed The costume of younger men differed from that of their elders primarily in a preference for shorter tunics. This man also carries a thicker-bladed sword designed to penetrate armour, while his scabbard is attached to the sword-belt in a simpler manner which may have entered France from Catalonia. (Main sources: French sword, 1300-50, Archaeol. Mus. Madrid; unnamed effigy, early i4th cent. in situ Poblet Monastery, Tarragona)

Hj: French knight

Here a knight has an early form of bascinet helmet and a massive bevor to cover his neck and shoulders, plus iron gauntlets and iron leg armour. His large sword is a cavalry sword-of-war, and he is also armed with a substantial dagger. (Main sources: effigy of Thibaud de Pomollain, c.1330, in situ church, Coulommiers; ‘Galahad’, carved ivory box, French early i4th cent. Met. Mus. New York)

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