63322 S5001382 (2)

CKLTIC M T l I I Mi:NT IN SLOVAKIA YOONG U Tliu r ^

4. SETTLEMENT ARCHITECTURE

4.1.	Gcographlc and technical conditions for architecture	as
	and carpentry deve!opment
4J.	Celcie architecture in south-western slovakia	as
4J.1.	Sources	as
4.2.2.	Sunken floor structures	as
4.2.3.	Ground-level constructions	Sl
4.2.4.	Outbuildings - hearths, ovens, pits	92
4.3.	Architecture of the Puchov Cul turę	92 Ck .
4.3.1.	Research and sources	aH o.
4.3.2.	Settlements	qr
4JJ.	Building materia!	ss
4.3.4.	Ground-level constructions	96
4.13.	Semi-subterranean dwellings with pile roof construction	96
4.3.6.	Outbuildings and technical buildings	98
4.3.7.	Reconstructions	107
S. FORTIFICATIONS		109
5.1.	Sources	110
5.1.1.	South-western and western Slovakia	110
5.1.2.	Puchov Cul turę region	114
5.2.	Fortificadon types	119
5.2.1.	Hill forts and oppida	120
5.2.2.	Smali centres - castella	121
5.2.3.	Smali hill forts	121
5.2.4.	Refuge places	125
5.2.5.	Linear earthworks	125
5.2.6.	Unusual forms of fortifications	126
5.3.	Fortificadon features and building techniques	127
5.3.1.	Ramparts, palisades	127
5.3.2.	Gates	130
5.3.3.	Towera	134
5.3.4.	Ditches	136
5.3.5.	Ground shaping	136
5.3.6.	Combined fortificadon architecture	136
b. PROUUCTION, ( H AFT, HOARDS		137
0.1.	Lcunomic development during the protohistoric period	137
6.1.1.	Economlcstructure in the Young Latonę period	137
6.1.2.	Ecunomy in the Early Roman period	141
U.	Iron metaUurgy and smithery	141
6.2.1.	Sources	142
m	Iron ure metallurgy	143
6.2.3.	smithery	143
U.	Non lerrous metal casting, jewellery making	134
UJ.	Sources	154
m	Casting	156
U.L	Other JeweUery and metalworking techniques	139

6-4.    Stonemasonry

6.5.    Wood Processing: cooperage.turnery, wheel wrighting    \US

6.6.    Pottery

Uf

6.6.1.    Dacian handmade pottery    _m

6.6. Ł    Wheel-turned pottery inspiied by antique forma    %H

6-6.3.    Antique imported pottery    rjj

6.6.4.    Production of Lite La Tene pottery in the Carpathian Basin    177

⁶-⁶-⁵-    Pinal itage of wheel-turned LaTtoe pottery    m

6.6.6.    Pottery of the Puchov Culture    xBS

6.6.7.    Reconstruction of a pottery workshop    iw

6.7.    Hoards    xn

6.7.1.    Sources    m

6.7.2.    Location of hoards    3D4

6.7.3.    Time division of hoards    w

6.7.4.    Compocition of hoarda    w

6.7.5.    Hoard categories    2M

7. AGR1CULTURE    2U

7.1.    Soureea    Ul

7J.    Climatic and geographical conditions for agriculture devełopment    Ul

7.3.    Cultivated plan ta and hand harveeted cropa    Ul

7.4.    Agricultural tools    Ud

7.4.1.    Soil cultivadon tools    U4

7.4.2.    Hanresting tools    ®

7.5.    Animal husbandry    ***

7.6.    Storage objects and containers, crops Processing tools

and devices. Preparation of food    U*

aassaaa*** a*aaaissfi

8. ROUTES,TRANSPORT,TRADE

8.1.    Long-distance Communications in the North Danube region

8.1.1.    Archaeological evidence of protohistoric routes

8.1.2.    Local routes and Communications

8.2.    Transport and mobili ty

8.2.1.    Hamess fittings and ridei    s eąuipment

8.2.2.    Wagon paits

8.3.    EKchange and trade

8.3.1.    Evidence on exchange contacts

8.3.2.    Coinage

9. WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT

9.1.    Sources

_{9 2}    Materiał and technological conditions for weapon piuductma

9.3.    Types of wcapons

9.3.1.    Spears and lance*

9.3.2.    Dow* and arrows

9.3.3.    Stone and clay projectiks

9.3.4.    Ase*

9.3.5.    Swords

Ml