S5001381 (2)

CELTIC SETTLEMI NT IN SLOVAKIA YOUNG LA TŻNE PBMOD

CONCLUSION

In contrast to scarce historical sources, abundant archaeological finds draw a picture about time span of the Young La Tfcne period and the tum of the era, which brought many changes. Although fragmen-tary, these finds from Slovakla speak about dynamie changes in settlement pattem, including dramatic ethnic and economic changes, several stages of the end of oppida centres and their depopulation, or in-tensive colonisarion of specific regions.

The work offers partial synthesis based on the present State of knowledge.Futurę research and study of newly discovered materiał will definitely suppie-ment and widen the study of the Young La Tfcne so-dety and culture.

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CONTE rs

INTRODUCTLON    9

1.    HI8TORY AND CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH

OF THE YOUNG LA TĆNE PERIOD    U

2.    SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH DANUBE REGION

AROUND THE TURN OF THE ERA    17

2.L    Conditions for devdopment of the Middle Danube region    17

2.2    The beginnings and devdopment of Celtic settlement

in the La Tene period    18

2.3.    Middle La Tene period in south-westem Slovalria.

Changes in settlement pattern    22

2.4.    Celts in eastera Slovalda at the beginningof the Middle La Tinę period    29

2-5.    The destinies of autochthonous Carpathian inhabi tanu.

Slovak mmintain area in theOldand Middle La Tene Period    31

2 5.1.    Northern and north-westem Slovakia    31

2.5.2.    South-central Slovaltia, Middle and Upper Hron region.

Issues of the settlement in Southern Slovalda    34

2.6.    Important turning point. End of the Middle and the Late La Tene period 37

2.6.1.    Oppida period    41

2.6.2.    First dedine of young La Tene centres    41

2.6.3.    The fali of Celtic structures. Dacdans, Noricians and Germans    45

2.6.4.    First Romans on the Middle Danube. The end of Celtic chrilization    50

2.6.5.    Beginnings of the Germanie settlement    53

2.7.    Puchov Culture    55

2.7.1.    First destruction horizon of the Puchov Culture hill forts    58

2.7.7-    Second destruction horizon of the Puchov Culture hill forts    58

2.7.3.    Dedine and end of the Puchov Culture    59

3. SETTLEMENT STRUCTURES AND URBAN1SM    67

3.1.    Conditions for settlement format ion and development    67

3 2.    Sources and State of research    68

33.    Settlement types in terms of function    69

33.1-    Rural settlements    69

3 3.2.    Central and trade settlements    70

33.3.    Mining and produedon zones    71

3.3.4.    Produedon and trade centres    74

3.3.5.    Fordfications from the view of the structure of the settlement    76

33.6.    Sacred plaees    78

3.4.    Indications of settlement organizadon structure    79

3.5.    Gradual fali of Celtic settlement    80

33.1.    Development dis turban ce at the tum of phases C and D    go

333.    Transidon between Dl a D2    81

3.53.    Destruction horizon at the end of the 1? century BC (D2)    81

3.5.4.    Beginning of the »nman period (Bla)    g4

339