65835 S5002139

106

la/ge extent simflar to the wheel-made grey flna-gralned ceramlcs (category D) and coarser wheel-finlehed pottery with a minerał admixlure (category E). This Is partlculariy the case with reference to bowts with allghtly or sharply intumed rims (Fig. 33:17,18), crushed rims (Fig, 33:21) or even proflled rlms on the Inner aide (Fig. 33:8). They occur within horizons 2-4. Rounded pota with an upatanding rim (Fig. 31:3) occur throughout I a long time period, thia form befng found in all four horizons within pottery of category E. Tripartite pota with I a narrow rieck and outtumed rim (Fig. 20:11-12) were stratigraphically recognised as being a lale form, aa I in the cases of categories 0 and E. as it was oniy found łn horizons 3-4. A common feature of pottery category I H was a deep-roughened surface, which occurred in fine ceramic ware on almost all distlnguishable fragmenta. I Sporadically, an irregular wavy linę decoration on the shoulder of larg er vessels was identified (Fig. 28:11,1 13). In the area of the oppidum, pottery of category H was dispersed throughout all of the areas inveatigated I in 1981, however, it distinctly prevailed at the bailey. It therefore cannot be excluded that the production of I this ware was concentrated there.

2. Brooches and jewelry from metal and glass

Oniy twetve iron and bronze items were recovered and their fragmentary state preduded detailed analysis. The significance of individual types for dating will be eualuated below in the finał chapter dealing with I chronology. Hera we shall merely describe their occurrence within parlicular individual settlement horizons as well as their spatial distribution.

Horizon 1 did not contain arty brooch finds, which can perhaps be explained by the very Iow quantities of settiement features identified and excavated. A pin fragment with a single spring loop (Fig. 34:9) was found in the fili of house 244 at the bailey, stratigraphically belonging to horizon 2. Finds were better represented within horizon 3. From this particular level, a bronze Nauheim brooch with a pierced catchplate (Fig. 34:6) was recovered, coming from the surface of a grey ashy layer which covered the bottom of gully IV. In addftion, a fragment of an iron brooch with large spring coils (Fig. 34:1) was found on the surface of a dark brown layer from the last horizon of gully III. While both described items come from the border zones of the second I courtyard, situated by the north side of the main road, other brooches within the same horizon occurred at I the bailey. Two fragments were found in the fili of house 235 from the eighth courtyard. The first one was a wire brooch with a short spring and intemal chord (Fig. 34:2). Its precise type could not be distinguished in any morę detail. The other iron fragment is morę distinct, belonging to a brooch with a short spring and intemal chord, the bow nearest the spring being of a narrow triangular form (Fig. 34:3). This feature is suggestive of the influence of the Nauheim brooches. The latest horizon 4 yielded the largest quantity of brooches. The best presenred items were represented by a bronze brooch with a plain frame, which had a fiat expansion on Its stralght bow with a short spring and internal chord, found in pit 116 (Fig. 34:7). The iron brooch of „Middle LaT&ne" type from trench 103, also had a short spring and internal chord, and had a well preserved clip attaching its foot to the bow near the spring (Fig. 34:4). The other fragments mostly consisted of iron (cistem 85, well 132) or bronze springs (house 23, Fig. 34:8). The remains of a bronze spring with a deformed pin (Fig. 34:5), found in the arabie soil above post hole 74, also could not be classified in morę detail. All items coming from the latest horizon were scattered in the area of the second to fifth courtyard, i.e. in the zonę between the main road and the rampart way, along the fortification by the eastem border of the central area. Their limited spatial occurrence is probably not acddental, sińce there is evidence of metal working being carried out within the same area. The absence of brooches at the bailey may be associated with sporadic settlement activities within this horizon.

Bronze and iron jewelry are represented in the assemblage of finds by several different types. Two sharply bevelled bronze rings of different sizes were found by chance after ploughing at a close but unspecified location near to the oppidum (Fig. 34:14-15). These may have served a variety of decorative purposes. The assemblage of analogous bevelled rings of various diameters published by J. L. Pf5 (1903, PI. XVIII:5-7) supports our assumption that the rings served as components of necklaces or as sewn-on pieces for richly decorated cłothes. The simple larger ring with a smooth inner side had probably been used as a plain bracelet (Fig. 34:10). It was found on a clay surface within Part I, between 95-100 m. It therefore came from one of the settlement features from the first courtyard, situated by the south side of the main road. Severa! pieces of iron jewelry were stratified within the latest settlement horizon. A fragment of an Iron ring with a lense-shaped impression for an inlay (Fig. 34:11) was discovered in rectangular pit 116. It might have been a local product imitating similar rings originating from Itały. Some luxury rings of Italian provenance, which included gems,

SjjL¹t*^tlJr» 74; 6^    Brooches and dacoraM* objwto t faalura W. 2-3: Mn 236. 4: Mm 103. 5:« M«

^bro*«a it*^{: 10: p}M|^^^>^łh**^shyl*>^f*^ro<ho>«on3«bow*»>*aM»don*dl*aM*»V;7.1113 Maura 116.3 Ma—23fr ^ and bronj*^{00 m surfac}* *** 14-15: aurtw* Ind (a pr*r*n«). 1* Maura 230. • 1-5.11.16: Mn. 6-10. 13-16.