80381 skanuj0004 (46)

as (p,b,m) which are all bilabial

Consonants vs vovels

Consonants: rapid changes in articulators/

produced by making constructions in vocal tract/

coordination of all these sources (friction, aspiration, voicing)

Vowels: slow changes in aspiration/ produced by with a relatively open tract/ only the voicing sourced is used Vowels pt,2

It is a sound in which there is no

obstruction to the flow

of air as it passes from Iarnyx to lips.

How do they differ?: The shape and position of the tongue,

distance betwean upper surface of the tongueand palate

and the part of the tongue betwean front and backc which is raised highest.

Cardinal vowels: set of vowels arranged in a close

opend and front back diagram but which are not

vowels of any launguage,

primary: familiar to european speakers, secondary: less familiar. ength of vowels

When followed by voiced consonant it is fully long/si:d/

When word ends in a long vowel, this vowel is fully long /ki:/

When vowel is followed by a nasal consoant (m,n) it becomes fully long and nasalized /si:n/

When vowel I followed by dark L it becomes lowered and retracted /fi:t/

When vowel I followed by a voicless consonant it is shortened /si:t/

Dipthongs

Sounds which consists of a movement or glide from one vowel to another, a vowel which reamins consoant and doesn't glide is called pure vowel.

There are 8 of them:

centring ending in a (ie, ea, ua),

closing ending In i (ei, ai, oi) and ending in U (au, au)

Length

-long as vowles

-can't occur before velum nasal just as long vowels -consists of a movement or glide from one vowel

to another, first part of a dipthong is much longer and stronger the the second

-described with reference of 2 factors: the starting

point and the point in the direction of which the glide is madę

The rule of shortening

When a syllable is closed with voicless consoant, the length of the diphtong is reduced, Long vowels and diphtongs can't be followed by the velum nasal.

Triphtongs

Most complex english sounds of the vowel type,

it is a glide from one vowel to another and then to third,

they are produced rapidly and without interruption

Pulmonic: sounds produced without the air from the lungs