dsc08793 (3)

—ucivemre Temporary

•Egg

Increased degree of bioturbation and mixing depth

C. ORGANISM ACTIVITY

Locomotion

Feeding

Burrowing

Excavators

Raking

Pushing

Pulling

Carrying

Forcing

Ingestors

Crawling

Flying

Swimming

Mating

cu iid a

Reproducing -<-V Feeding

\ /

Locomotion

Camivores (1st, 2nd, 3rd c Predators Parasites

Herbivores (Phytophages) Aboveground (gree Root system feeders

Detritivores

Saprophages

Coprophages

Xylophages

Necrophages

Omnivores    Micropnyfi

FIGURĘ 16.5 Trace-maker classification and behavior (modified front Hasiotis, 2fX (A) Organism size, with examples given for length and body width. (B) Organism presence in a medium, divided into the epigeon, geophiles, and geobionts. GeophiJes indude transient temporary, and periodic biota, while Geobionts are also known as permanent biota. (O Organism activity, mainly divided into locomotion and feeding activities for burrowing organisms (Wallwork, 1970), however, others consider reproduction as a separate beharior from locomotion and part of the major organism activities (Odum, 1971).