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GRAMMAR

DECLENSION OF NOUNS

Inflected nouns, adjcctivcs and pronounce are sald to be "declined" and a mcthod of thcir inflection is called thcir "dcclension". This word is also used to denote the main groups into which nouns and adjectives are divided.

Masculine nouns ending in a consonant

Singular

Nom. koń horse Gen. konia Dat. koniowi Acc. konia Instr. koniem Loc. o koniu Voc. koniu!

Plural

pan    gentleman

pana

panu

pana

panem

o panu

panie!

panowie

panów

panom

panów

panami

o panach

panowie!

Nom. konie Gen. koni Dat. koniom Acc. konie Inst. końmi Loc. o koniach Voc. konie!

Most masculine nouns form the plural by adaing - i - e or y, while the ending - o wie is found with nouns denoting status, profession or family relationship.

Masculine nouns ending in - a are declined in the singular as feminine nouns ending in a and in the plural as the masculine nouns ending in a consonant.

feminine nouns
Singula	r
Nom*	córka daughter	pani
Gen.	córki	pani
Dat	córce	pani
Acc.	córkę	panią
Instr.	córką	panią
Loc.	o córce	opani
Voc-	córko!	pani!
Plural
Nom.	córki	panie
Gen.	córek	pań
Dat.	córkom	paniom
Acc.	córki	panie
Instr.	córkami	paniami
Loc.	o córkach	o paniach
Voc.	córki!	panie!
EXERCISES

1.    Give the different cases of the masculine nouns: Polak, student both in singular and plural.

2.    Give the different cases of the feminine nouns: woda, wieś both in singular and plural.

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