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Alkany węglowodory nasycone

Alkanes, also known as paraffins, are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) (i.e., hydrocarbons), wherein these atoms are linked together exclusively by single bonds (i.e., they are saturated compounds) without any cyclic structure (i.e. loops).

Saturated hydrocarbons can be linear (generał formula C_nH_2n+2) wherein the carbon atoms are joined in a snake-like structure, branched (generał formula C_nH_2n+2. n>3) wherein the carbon backbone splits off in one or morę directions.

Cyclic (generał formula CnH*,, n>2) wherein the carbon backbone is linked so as to form a loop. According to the definition by IUPAC, the former two are alkanes, whereas the third group is called cycloalkanes.

An alkyl group is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of singly-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.

isopentane (common name) or 2-methylbutane (IUPAC systematic name)

Alkanes with morę than three carbon atoms can be arranged in a multiple number of ways, forming different structural isomers.

n-pentane / pentane

NAME Formula B.P./°C M.P./°C D/g cm ’³(20°C)

isopentane / 2-methyltxjtane

Methane	CH4	-162	-183	gas
Ethane	c2h6	-89	-172	gas
Propane	c3h8	-42	-188	gas
Butane	C4Hj0	-0.5	-135	gas
Pentane	C5Hi2	36	-130	0.626
Hexane	CfiHu	69	-95	0.659
Heptane	c7h,6	98	-91	0.684
Octane	c8hI8	126	-57	0.703
Nonane	CęHjO	151	-54	0.718
Decane	C10H22	174	-30	0.730
Undecane	C,,H24	1%	-26	0.740
Dodecane	CI2H26	216	-10	0.749
Triacontane C30H62		343	37	solid

neopentane / 2.2-dimethylpropane