125270

125270



Masurari in electranica ji telecomiHLCĄii - Lab orator 3 1

Lucrarea de laborator 3 Masurari asupra unui Circuit digital

Scop: Studiul reglajelor de sincronizare (p-igger). Alegerea optima a reglajelor pentru vizualizarea functionarii unui circuit digital. Masurarea frecvenielor cu osciloscopul fi frecventmetrul.

Brcviar teoretic 1. Circuite logice

Un Circuit logie (di©tal, num eric) lucreaza cu un numar finit de nivele de tensiune, de obicei 2, spre deosebire de un Circuit analogie la care tensiunea poate varia continuu intr-o anumita gama. Pentru circuitele care lucreaza in logica pozitiva, mvelul „1” logie reprezinta tensiune marę (apropiata sau egala cu tensiunea de alimentare) iar mvelul „0” tensiune mica (spropiata de 0V). Limitele exacte depind de familia constructiva a circuitelor.

Elementele constitutive cele mai simple ale circuitelor logice ant por file logice. O poarta realizeaza echivalentul electric al unei funetn logice. Exemple: ?I (AND), ?I-NU (NAND), SAU (OR), SAU-NU (NOR),’ SAU EXCLUSIV (XOR), etc. Din punct de vedere constructiv, poriile logice se realizeaza sub forma unor circuite irtegrate (fig. 1) care includ mai multe poru de acelafi fel, tipul de poru putind fi gasit in cataloage dupa numele circuitului. Pinul 1 al circuitului este marcat printr-o „cheie” (o tektura sau o adinciturą). Num ani de pini depinde de circuit - circuitele logice au de obicei 14, 16 sau mai mułu pini.


11.1.11.111

I I I I I I I I

L    I

Figura i: Circuit integrat -atpect fi numerotarea pinilor

In figura 2 ant reprezentate cele mai lEuale porti fi simbolurile lor, numele circuitelor integrate care le contin, precum fi functia logica realizata. Au fost exemplificate porti cu2 intrari (X fi Y) in practica existind fi cu mai multe intrari. Circuitele fac parte din familia cea mai uzuala (numerotata CD4xxx; cifrele xxx ldentifica tipul circuitului in cadrul familiei).







tO O    liflD    • ».    IM._    ill

« • X*    I >5    I • X*¥    C • WY    C • X <3 *    I • X

Figura 2: Tipuri de porti logice



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