i
Germany and Italy have implemented a voluntary app which Stores data locally on the device using the Android or iOS APls and uses Bluetooth to identify other nearby devices
This approach is simple to implement and avoids civil liberties concerns, but the rangę and accuracy of Bluetooth is a limitation
How apps assist contact tracing - illustrative
FINDING - Symptoms developed
0
Mandatory ■ Voluntary
Source: Press releases
App prompts health check questions. user inputs symptoms, app advises test based on data
France and U.K. have implemented a voluntary app which Stores data centrally in a government controlled database
This approach provides information to governments to inform their public policy response, but is technologically morę complex and has raised concerns about civil liberties
Israel initially implemented mass surveillance by the Shin Bet, with all users tracked through phone GPS data, but this was judged to be illegal by an Israeli court
Since then Israel has released a voluntary app with local storage, similarto Germany and Italy
Chinas app has been embedded in widespread apps such as WeChat and AliPay to ensure very high levels of participation
Usage is further enforced by requiring a QR codę to access public places and public transport Systems
It tracks all devices' GPS and data is stored centrally to inform government policies
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING - PCR test
User informs app when positive testing confirms infection
ISOLATING - guarantine
TRACING - close contacts
0App tracks contact with other users, when positive testing, data on close contacts on the past 14 days is ready, data can be stored locally on the device or centralised on a server
TRACING - mass test clusters of infection
App keeps count of positive testing location and can identify clusters of infection
App informs close contacts of ęuarantine afler positNe testing, reduces time vs. manuał contact tracing
17 O 2020 L E K. Consulting LLC