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Subsydiowanie ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego w Polsce 89

subsidies may be considered a form of aid, either direct or indirect. Subsidies help organisations meet environmental protection standards. The idea of subsidising environmcntal protection in a market economy has its roots in the too high costs of implementing thc polluter pays rule. Subsidising enviromnental protection, rcgardlcss of thc benefits it may bring about, rcmains an "inferior” altemativc comparcd with thc consistcnt use of thc polluter pays principle and can be employed in appropriatc situations.

Key words: environmental protection, market failure, subsidies, tools of environmental economic policy.

Dr hab. Małgorzata Kożuch Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie Katedra Polityki Przemysłowej i Ekologicznej ul. Rakowicka 27 31-510 Kraków

e-mail: kozuchm@uek. krakow.pl