3416401564

3416401564



14 P. Chemllier & J. Rodier

which were morę and morę complete and of better ąuality. With the study of the representative basin of Korhogo (Ivory Coast, 1962-1972) and the intervention of multidisciplinary research teams demonstrating its scientific value, progressively the objective became the Identification of the processes managing the « water pathways ». Concurrently, consciousness of the impact of human activities on the hydrological regime due to human intervention was growing, particularly because of the differences caused by severe drought periods. Finally, the emergence of « climate change » diagnosed by atmospheric scientists and the generałization of powerful data acąuisition and management methods favoured the setting up of broad scenarios using the smali representative research basins to parameterize the tropical water contribution to global atmospheric circulation models. In less than four decades, the study of smali tropical representative basins has risen from the status of a statistical techniąue to a geoscience.

INTRODUCTION

L’etude des petits bassins versants tropicaux a ete une importante activite scientifique des hydrologues de 1’Orstom depuis plusieurs decades. Dans les annees 1970, lorsque j’ai ete recrute a 1’Orstom, le seul document scientifique d’information generale que le Comite Technique d’Hydrologie distribuait aux candidats hydrologues etait une plaquette expliquant que la methode hydrologiąue orstomienne passait par 1’etude d’un grand nombre de petits bassins versants, representatifs des conditions de milieu et de climat les plus exhaustives possible. C’etait la meilleure approche de la comprehension des mecanismes du cycle de Feau Continental dans les regions tropicales.

Jean Rodier y a consacre une large partie de sa carriere. Debut 1989, il m’avait ecrit une tres longue lettre en reponse aux critiques, sans doute un peu rapides et exagerees, que j’avais exprimees dans ma these (Chevallier, 1988) contrę cette methode hydrologiąue orstomienne qui me semblait accorder trop d’importance a Fapproche statistique et pas assez a la description des mecanismes. Ce texte, que je lui avais demande de remanier un peu, a finalement ete publie en postface (Rodier, 1990) a Fedition definitive de ma these. La presente communication en reprend certains traits et c’est pour cette raison que j’associe Jean Rodier a ma presentation en esperant ne pas trop trahir sa pensee. Les textes entre guillemets et en italiques sont de sa plume et extraits de ses travaux.

LES ORIGINES ET LA CRUE DECENNALE

Les premiers resultats d’observation sur des petits bassins versants de FOrstom ont ete publies dans quatre articles contenu dans F Annuaire Hydrologique de la France d’Outre-Mer de Fannee 1953 (Rodier, 1955; Dubreuil, 1955; Tixier, 1955; Service Hydrologique de FAEF, 1955). Ces articles portent sur les bassins versants du Boulore (Cameroun), de Ngola (Centre-afrique) et de Brazzaville (Congo) observes des 1952 et serieusement equipes a partir de 1953.



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