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4831622417



It is not probable that the American States will have a very free trade in the Med rranean; it will not be in the interest of any of the great maritime powers to protect them there from the Barbary States.... The Americans

O fi fi

cannot protect themselves from the latter; they cannot pretend to a navy .

Sur le plan financier, les sommes des ranęons payes par les Etats-Unis pour liberer

leurs nationaux ete colossales, ce qui represente des chiffres de trillion de dollars en

terme de valeur contemporaine. James Kraska ćcrit:

The U.S.Navy lost the frigate Philadelphia, along with her captain and crew, at a time when the entire American fleet had just six warships. When U.S. ransom payments and tribute topped $1 million annually, it eąualled 20 percent of the entire federal budget, or about three-fourths of trillion dollars in today’s money289.

Plusparticulierement une partie des Rifains ou les habitants des cótes Nord du

Maroc surnommes les Pirates de Rif290, se sont livres a cette activite en mer

Mediterranee et en ocćan Atlantique, leur aventures s’achevant jusqu’aux cótes

dTrlande, du Royaume-Uni et dTslande. Des navires americains naviguant en ocean

001

atlantique ont ete reconduits aux ports marocains par les pirates Berberes et selon

288James A. Field, America and the Mediterranean World, 1776-1882, Princeton, NJ, Princeton

University Press, 1969, a la p 32.

289

James Kraska, Contemporary Maritime Piracy, International Law, Strategy, and Diplomacy at Sea> Santa Barbara, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2011, a la p 27.

290H.De T.D’Arlach , Le Maroc et le Riff en 1856y Paris, Chez LeDoyen, Librairie-Editeur, 1856. [P]rovince de Riff dont les habitants sont fort rcdoutes;ils se livrent a la piraterie et sont dispersćs dans plusicurs village, sous la conduite d’un Cheick ou chef...Leur seule industrie est la piraterie, qu’ils ontexercće dans ces demteres annees avec un redoublement de sauvage energie. Plusieurs batime de commerce, sous pavillons anglais et ffanęais, sont tombes demierement entre leurs mains, etl’on s’etonne que de pareils faits se passent a deux pas de cette Europę civilisće...] a la p 6. [D]epuis que nous avons ecrit ces lignes, les pirates du Riff se sont livrćs a un nouvel exploit sur la flotte prussienne commandćc par le grand amiral prince Adalbert de Bruss, comme chacun s'en souvient, reęut une glorieuse blessure dans la lutte qu’il soutint, au mois d'aout 1856, contrę les RifTains. L'opinion publique s'est justement ćmue de ce nouvel et odieux attentat, et nous espćrons qu'en cette circonstance, les nations civilisćes se preteront un mutuel concours pour obtenir une eclatante vengeance; mais qu'elles ne s'engageront dans cette affaire que quand elles se seront assurćes qu'& 1'aide des moyens dont elles disposent, leur victoire sera durable] a la p 9.

291 James A. Wombwell, «The Long War Against Piracy: Historical Trends», Occasional Paper 32. Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, First printing, May 2010. k la p 65.[T]he first Barbary nation to act was Morocco. Frustratcd by the lack of progress during treaty negotiations with the United States, the Sułtan of Morocco ordered his corsairs to attack. On 11 October 1784,



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