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which allow for a great freedom of associations, are so popular with the creators of contemporary advertisements.

A slightly different objective of the instrumental use of the past in contemporary popular culture is presented by Elżbieta Pawlak-Hejno in her text “Return to the past - rhetorical devices in Marcin Wroński's retro crime novels.” The author demonstrates that the description of the interwar period appears to be both an at-tractive literary background and a tool for building authors credibility.

Marcin Styszyński in his essay “Contemporary use of traditional symbolism in Arab culture” describes some examples of symbols which stem from the Arab culture and are still applied in such rhetorical situations as political polemics or com-mercial offers.

In the sketch “Monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademptum...? Rhetoric as a challenge for literary studies” Bartłomiej Starnawski reflects upon the mutual relations between rhetoric and the development of literaturę, arguing that the basis for the creation of literary texts lies in a rhetorical act.

One of the rhetorical forms of expression which incites emotions and contro-versy is the electoral debate. Agnieszka Budzyńska-Daca in her text “Competition debates and pre-election TV debates - dispositio problems in two forms of a debate genre” presents the conditions related to both the adopted format and the order of arguments which determine the outcome and the assessment of specific debates.

The value of rhetoric has always resided in the universality of its principles. Their usefulness appears the most visible in the times of change, when the effectiveness depends on the skill of making the right choices. The most accurate are those rules which result from a careful analysis of the surrounding reality.

Jakub Z. Lichański

Editor-in-chief

Agnieszka Kampka

Yolume Editor