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Category V:

któren (relative and interrogative pronoun) ³⁰⁵)

on/ona/ono/one (demonstratdve pronoun) ³⁰⁶ >

Category VI:

aza (interrogative) ³⁰⁷ > azali (interrogative) gwoli 'for the sake of' jakoż 'and indeed’ ³⁰⁸)

jeno 'as soon as, just then’ ki? (interrogative) ³⁰⁹ >

-li? (interrogative) ³¹⁰> miasto 'instead of'³¹¹> przecz? 'why?' zali...? (interrogative)

Category VII:

niedziela 'week'³¹²> pacierz 'time reąuired to recite the Patemoster'³¹³)

Archaic forms of address (Category VIII) are very freąuent throughout the Trilogy: the commonest are waćpan, waszmość, waszmość pan, icaszeć, waćpani, waćpanna and the plural waszmościowie.³¹⁴) As is known, these — and other — forms of address were used in seventeenth-century Poland with considerable care and attention to the social status of both speaker and person addressed.^3l5> Sienkiewicz obseryes these

305)    A contemporary critic (Stanisław Krzemiński) objected to Sienkiewicz^ freąuent use of this pronoun (see Tomasz Jodełko, op. cit., p. 164). Professor Krzyżanowski believes Sienkiewicz used it in his own speech, in which case it should be disregarded here (Julian Krzyżanowski, W kręgu wielkich realistów, Cracow, 1962, p. 124. Professor Krzyżanowski^ essay investigates briefly some of the textual problems in the Trilogy. The Warsaw, 1965, edition is "based on the second edition, corrected by the author, taking into consideration the manuscript and first edition”. There are a number of minor changes, corrections of misprints etc.).

306)    See also Appendix I.

307)    E.g. Aza waćpani wiesz, co to zdobyte miasto? (P.W. III, p. 86).

308) One of Sienkiewicz^ favourite conjunctions. It is doubtful whether he regarded it as "archaic”, Like most of the items listed in all categories, it is used in both narrative and dialogue passages.

309)    For the obsolescence of this particie except in set phrases, e.g. ki diabeł? see Bronisław Wieczorkiewicz and Roxana Sinielnikoff, Elementy gramatyki historycznej języka polskiego (Warsaw, 1965), p. 115.

310)    E.g. a wiesz-li, czy żyw stąd wyjdziesz? (OM. I, p. 72). Other examples: ibid., pp. 73, 76, 129, 223 etc.

311)    Zenon Klemensiewicz and others. Zapomniane konstrukcje składni staropolskiej (Wrocław, 1966), p. 9. Sienkiewicz writes, for example: w lasach miasto chłodu było tak duszno, iż... (OM. II, p. 117).

312)    E.g. już dwie niedziele w Czehrynie (OM. I, p. 26), also OM. III, p. 221: P. III, p. 42: PW. I, p. 81.

313) E.g. w kilka pacierzy (OM. II, p. 194), also P. IV, p. 174: P. VI, p. 48: PW. I, pp. 55, 74: PW. III, p. 240. For a generał survey of the foregoing, see Zofia Mitros, "Archaiczne formy fleksyjne w Ogniem : mieczem", Prace polonistyczne XII (1955), pp. 53-70.

314)    But see Julian Krzyżanowski, W kręgu wielkich realistów (op. cit.) p. 124 for probable typographical interference and "corrections” of Sienkiewicz^ usage. The Warsaw, 1965 edition of the Trilogy has minor variants e.g. I.M. Panów [OM. I, p. 43 (1949)] becomes ichmościów panów [OM. I, p. 52 (1965)].

315)    Jan Pasek, op. cit., pp. 226-227, expressed his indignation at being addressed as mości panie i przyjacielu! rather than mości panie i bracie!

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