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ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

MARIA NOWAKOWSKA (b. 1929) studied at Jagiellonian University in Kraków in the domain of mathematical social Sciences. (Ph.D. and habilitation). Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Psychology and Action Theory, Dep. of Praxiology of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Co-editor of Intern. J. of Cybernetics and member of Editorial Boards of Prakseologia, Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa, Studia Psychologiczne, Scientometrics, Ars Semiotica, Annals of Systems Research, Intern. J. of Man-Machine Studies, Text — Intern. Journal for the Study of Discourse, Mathematical Social Sciences, Intern. Journal of Systems, Measurement and Decisions, and Behavioral and Brain Sciences. She is a member of Research Committee on Alienation of ISA, and an afilliate member of the International Council for Science Policy Studies. She is the author of 6 books, over 100 arti-cles and over 30 chapters in books, most of them in Polish, English or German. Dr Nowakowska’s main contribution is formal theory of actions, which was substantially developed and applied to such fields as mathematical psychology, decision theory, mathematical sociology, linguistics (theory of dialogues and texts), semiotics, science of science.

JAN JORDAN PIOTR OSTROWSKI-NAUMOFF (b. 1901) studied engineering at Warsaw Technical University, philosophy at University of Warsaw, jour-nalism, after the II World War Polish University Abroad, London — 1961 M.A., 1971 Ph.D., 1982 Dr.habil.), professor of Polish University Abroad, member of Royal Institute of Philosophy, Polish Society of Arts and Sciences in London, Polish Historical Society in Great Britain, Union of Polish Writers Abroad, Polish Social and Cultural Association (London) and other. Author of books and many articles on philosophy of action, praxiology, cybernetics, futurology and other.

TADEUSZ PSZCZOŁOWSKI (b. 1922) studied philosophy at Warsaw Univer-sity (1951 Ph.D.), 1951-1961 organizer of TV programme production, Professor and head of Praxiology Dep. of Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 1972-1974 Professor of theory of organization — Institute of Management of Warsaw University. Dr.habil. Warsaw University 1969. Editor in chief of ąuarterly Prakseologia and yearbook Praxiology. Engaged in devclop-ment of praxiology and theory of organization.

JAROSŁAW RUDNIAŃSKI (b. 1921), studied Polish philology in Lwów University, philosophy and psychology in Romę, Oxford, Warsaw Universities, Ph.D. 1967, asc. prof. in Praxiology Dep. of Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of Polish Academy of Sciences (Dr.habil. 1980). Main fields of interest: psychology, praxiology, theory of struggle, value theory; author of several books for students about technic of learning, creativity, organization of studies.

HENRYK STONERT (b. 1923), studied philosophy (1954 Ph.D.) at Warsaw University, Ass. Prof. and Vice-Dean of Social Science Faculty W.U. Since 1981