GRAMMAR
INFINITIVES
An infinitive is a to + verb structure. We use infinitives:
After something, nothing, nowhere, anyone. I've got something to do.
After question words (who, what, how, where) I didn't know what to say.
After certain adjectives I'm pleased to see you.
After certain verbs (see below). I want to give you something.
To express purpose or result. I went to England to learn English
We use infinitives after these verbs:
decide intend promise afford
refuse arrange deserve learn
attempt manage tend threaten
want expect plan seem
pretend agree appear ask
decide offer promise wait
EXAMPLES
He pretended to be a flower.
I don't expect to see you again.
I asked him to help me.
Do you want to go to the pub?
Practice 1
Use your own ideas finish these sentences with an infinitive in a suitable way:
When I saw the weather, I didn't know what ...
My father has gone to England ...
I'm hungry. Have you got anything ...
Maria has promised ....... for my birthday.
It was a difficult essay, but I managed ...
This book is very difficult. It's impossible ...
There are so many interesting countries. I don't know where ...
I'm so bored. I've got nothing ...
He decided ...... before he made any big decisions.
All of the hotels are full. I've got nowhere ...
used to, get used to, be used to
1) We use used to + bare infinitive to express habit, repeated actions or states in the past. It is the same as using past simple tense:
I used to eat a lot of sweets when I was a boy (habit)
I used to hit my sister a lot. (repeated action)
I used to be very happy at school. (state)
I ate a lot of sweets when I was a boy. (past simple)
UWAGA In questions and negatives we write use to not used to:
Did you use to be a dancer?
I didn't use to be a dancer.
We use get use to + noun to talk about a process of becoming used to or getting accustomed to something:
I didn't like this job at first, but I am getting used to it. (it is becoming more normal)
Don't worry about the new system, you will get used to it. (it will become normal for you)
We use be used to + noun to talk about something which you are accustomed to (something which is normal for you):
It is a hot country, but I am used to the heat. (it is normal for me)
I became a vegetarian in 1984. I'm used to it now. (it is normal for me)
Practice 1
Use one of the forms to finish the sentences.
I ..................... fat but now I am fit and healthy.
This new computer is strange, but ..........................................
I never ........................ play hockey.
No, I'm not homesick. I'm ................................ living in Spain.
The job is difficult but you will ............................................. it.
Revision 1: Conditional and time clauses
Complete the conditional sentences by making the correct form of the verb:
If you ................. (drink) too much, you get drunk.
I ......................... (buy) you a present if I have enough money.
If you ............... (fail) the exam, what will you do?
Tell me the news as soon as you ........................ (hear) anything.
If you cook soup for too long, it ...................... (burn).
Call me when you .................. (get) there.
If you ..........(not, give) me all your money, I ...................... (eat) your cat.
If you ..................... (heat) water to 100 degree, it ...................... (boil).
Revision 2: Articles
Choose a suitable article (a/an, the or nothing) in these sentences:
____ most special day of my life was _____ Wednesday in 1994. On that day I met _____ Prime Minister of Japan. We went to _____ very nice restaurant and had _____ delicious meal for _____ lunch. ________ Prime Minister told me about his country, ______ Japan. In ____ Japan , ______ economy is experiencing _____ problems but ______ people still love to go shopping in shops like ______ Benetton or Prada. _______ thing that he likes most about his country is _____ food. _____ cuisine of Japan is very healthy. I still have ____ chopsticks that we used on that day.
VOCABULARY
BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH
Practice 1
Can you match the British and American words?
Polish British American
Torebka Handbag Faucet
Smoczek Dummy Stroller
Chodnik Pavement Cab
Kran Tap Restroom
Wózek dziecięcy Pushchair Purse
Winda Lift Sidewalk
Taxi Taxi Slip
Spodnie Trousers Expressway
Podkoszulek Vest Pants
Ubikacja Toilet Pacifier
Autostrada Motorway Elevator
American spelling British spelling
Traveler Traveller
Jewelery Jewellery
Dialog Dialogue
Color Colour
Humor Humour
Esthetic Aesthetic
Vocabulary from the unit:
accustom - przyzwyczajać
attempt - próbować, usiłować
chopsticks - pałeczki (do jedzenia)
deserve - zasłużyć
experience - doświadczać, przeżywać
intend - zamierzać
pretend - udawać, pozorować
refuse - odmówić, odrzucić
tend - zamierzać, dążyć
threaten - grozić, zagrażać
Lesson 14 - answer key
GRAMMAR
INFINITIVES
Practice 1
Suggestions:
When I saw the weather, I didn't know what to say.
My father has gone to England to be a teacher.
I'm hungry. Have you got anything to eat.
Maria has promised to buy a cat for my birthday.
It was a difficult essay, but I managed to finish it.
This book is very difficult. It's impossible to read.
There are so many interesting countries. I don't know where to go.
I'm so bored. I've got nothing to do.
He decided to smoke a cigar before he made any big decisions.
All of the hotels are full. I've got nowhere to stay.
used to, get used to, be used to
Practice 1
I used to be fat but now I am fit and healthy.
This new computer is strange, but I'll get used to it.
I never used to play hockey.
No, I'm not homesick. I'm used to living in Spain.
The job is difficult but you will get used to it.
Revision 1: Conditional and time clauses
If you drink (drink) too much, you get drunk.
I will buy (buy) you a present if I have enough money.
If you fail (fail) the exam, what will you do?
Tell me the news as soon as you hear (hear) anything.
If you cook soup for too long, it burns (burn).
Call me when you get (get) there.
If you don't give (not, give) me all your money, I will eat (eat) your cat.
If you heat (heat) water to 100 degree, it boils (boil).
Revision 2: Articles
The most special day of my life was a Wednesday in 1994. On that day I met the Prime Minister of Japan. We went to a very nice restaurant and had a delicious meal for Ø lunch. The Prime Minister told me about his country, Ø Japan. In Ø Japan , the economy is experiencing Ø problems but (the) people still love to go shopping in shops like Ø Benetton or Prada. The thing that he likes most about his country is the food. The cuisine of Japan is very healthy. I still have the chopsticks that we used on that day.
VOCABULARY
BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH
Polish British American
Torebka Handbag Purse
Smoczek Dummy Pacifier
Chodnik Pavement Sidewalk
Kran Tap Faucet
Wózek dziecięcy Pushchair Stroller
Winda Lift Elevator
Taxi Taxi Cab
Spodnie Trousers Pants
Podkoszulek Vest Slip
Ubikacja Toilet Restroom
Autostrada Motorway Expressway