Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

Microbial adaptation’s mechanisms

Korneliusz Miksch

Korneliusz Miksch

Silesian University of Technology

Silesian University of Technology

Environmental Biotechnology

Environmental Biotechnology

Department

Department

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

The introduction of synthetic organic compounds into the
environment during the last decades has given rise to major
concern about the ecotoxicological effects and fate of these
compounds. The most important methods for the removal of
pollutants from environment are the biological processes. The
biological processes of wastewater treatment, waste
utilization, remediation of soil and waste gas cleaning has
many advantages from the ecological and economical point of
view. They are cheep and based on the processes, which are
common in the environment and additionally the unexpected
intermediate products are possible to treat by biological
transformation too. In all of these processes the main rules are
the same – it is necessary to have a microbial population with
responsible enzymes for metabolic decomposition of the
compounds.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

Knowledge for a sustainable development

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

BIODEGRADATION

Biologically catalysed decomposition of chemicals

BIODAGRADABLE

Referring to compounds capable of being broken down by living
organisms

BIOTRANSFORMATION (BIOCONVERSION

)

The carrying out of a chemical reaction by biological system.
Reactions include reduction, oxidation, hadroxylation,
epoxidation, estrification, isomerization

MINERALISATION

Conversion of complex molecules into inorganic products

RECALCITRANCE/PERSISTENCE

Properties of compounds which make the molecule poorly
degraded or not at all destroyed/transformated by
microorganisms

XENOBIOTIC

A chemical compound not normally produced by living organisms;
a synthetic compounds

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

ENZYMES

ENZYMES

INDUCTION

REPRESSION

DNA (GEN)

mRNA

SUBSTRAT

ENZYMES

PRODUCT

ENZYMES

ENZYMES

ACTIVATION

INHIBITION

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

SOCIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

Selection of microorganisms which have the needed
properties (enzymes)

PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

Synthesis of the needed enzymes (the information about
this enzymes is in the genetic code but it wouldn’t be
used before)

GENETICALLY ADAPTATION

Selection of the needed microorganisms from the mutants
(in not changed environment conditions they died)

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

The most interesting is the genetically adaptation,
which is the only one possibility for adaptation of
bacteria to such compounds, which didn’t exist before
in the environment e.g. synthetic antibiotic, pesticides,
detergents. In this situation for the adaptation we use
the mutation of microorganisms. The genetically
adaptation is especially important for the adaptation to
hazardous compounds, which are mostly mutagenic
and the number of mutated cells is higher then in the
clean environment.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

BASIC RULES OF MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY

BASIC RULES OF MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY

(BIOTECHNOLOGY)

(BIOTECHNOLOGY)

D.PERLMAN 1980

MICROORGANISMS:

MICROORGANISMS:

• Are sensitive
• Are your friends
• Are always right
• There are not dull microorganisms
• They can do each task
• Microorganisms are more skilful and wiser than
biologists, chemists, engineers etc.

If you take care of them properly, you can expect

If you take care of them properly, you can expect

they will ensure your prosperous future.

they will ensure your prosperous future.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

Environmental Biotechnology Department, S.U.T.

http://kbs.ise.polsl.pl

Thank you for your attention

Silesian University of

Silesian University of

Technology

Technology

Environmental Biotechnology

Environmental Biotechnology

Department

Department

Akademicka 2

Akademicka 2

44 – 100 Gliwice, POLAND

44 – 100 Gliwice, POLAND