Presentation of

Presentation of

the computer

the computer

Structure of the

Structure of the

contemporary

contemporary

computer

computer

The computer makes

The computer makes

up around

up around

:

:



O

O

f processor

f processor



O

O

f the motherboard

f the motherboard



O

O

f the memory

f the memory

o

o

f frames

f frames



O

O

f a graphics card

f a graphics card



O

O

f a sound card

f a sound card



O

O

f the bulk storage

f the bulk storage



O

O

f the network card

f the network card

Processor

Processor

Main element of the computer, of which

Main element of the computer, of which

carrying

carrying

out a command and controlling the

out a command and controlling the

work of all

work of all

remaining blocks of the

remaining blocks of the

system are a task (among

system are a task (among

others of the

others of the

memory and input-output circuits). They are basic

memory and input-output circuits). They are basic

functional blocks, from which the processor is built,:

functional blocks, from which the processor is built,:

arithmetic-logic unit, control system with the clock of

arithmetic-logic unit, control system with the clock of

the processor and team of registers of the central

the processor and team of registers of the central

processing unit. They are the most important

processing unit. They are the most important

parameters: length of the data word inside the

parameters: length of the data word inside the

processor (in microprocessors 8, 16 or 32 beats),

processor (in microprocessors 8, 16 or 32 beats),

word length of the address (usually 16 or 20 beats),

word length of the address (usually 16 or 20 beats),

the list of orders and the time of the machine cycle.

the list of orders and the time of the machine cycle.

Motherboard

Motherboard

On the motherboard important

On the motherboard important

components

components

of the device are being

of the device are being

assembled, enabling the

assembled, enabling the

transport

transport

for everyone for remaining

for everyone for remaining

components

components

and modules. In the

and modules. In the

computer

computer

processor

processor

, the

, the

main

main

memory or nests are on a motherboard for

memory or nests are on a motherboard for

installing these devices and the nest for putting

installing these devices and the nest for putting

additional called plates in with widening cards (e.g.

additional called plates in with widening cards (e.g.

PCI), of storing devices (hard disks, optical drives itp.)

PCI), of storing devices (hard disks, optical drives itp.)

and of power pack. In some structures of also other

and of power pack. In some structures of also other

external devices (serial port, parallel port, USB,

external devices (serial port, parallel port, USB,

connector of the keyboard, connector of the mouse).

connector of the keyboard, connector of the mouse).

Memory of frames

Memory of frames

RAM (ang. for Rands Memory Access –

RAM (ang. for Rands Memory Access –

random access memory) basic kind of the

random access memory) basic kind of the

digital

digital

memory. At least a name is

memory. At least a name is

implying that it means

implying that it means

every memory about the direct access to the any

every memory about the direct access to the any

storage cell in the memory RAM programs currently

storage cell in the memory RAM programs currently

carried out and data are being stored for these

carried out and data are being stored for these

programs and results of their work. Content of the

programs and results of their work. Content of the

majority of the memory the RAM is lost a few

majority of the memory the RAM is lost a few

seconds after the disappearance of stretching the

seconds after the disappearance of stretching the

power supply, some types require also refreshing,

power supply, some types require also refreshing,

therefore results of the work of programs must be

therefore results of the work of programs must be

recorded on other data carrier.

recorded on other data carrier.

Graphics card

Graphics card

Expansion card of the computer

Expansion card of the computer

generating the signal for the

generating the signal for the

screen of the

screen of the

monitor. A receipt

monitor. A receipt

and processing the

and processing the

information

information

received from the computer

received from the computer

about

about

the insult and proper showing this

the insult and proper showing this

image are a basic task of a graphics card

image are a basic task of a graphics card

behind the mediation of monitor. This sub-

behind the mediation of monitor. This sub-

assembly is also being called the date VGA

assembly is also being called the date VGA

card.

card.

Sound card

Sound card

It is the computer expansion card,

It is the computer expansion card,

enabling the registration, processing

enabling the registration, processing

and

and

reconstructing sound. Also a

reconstructing sound. Also a

term equally

term equally

often applied is correct

often applied is correct

musical card.

musical card.

At present sound arrangements being

At present sound arrangements being

enough for amateur applications are usually

enough for amateur applications are usually

being built in into the motherboard, and they

being built in into the motherboard, and they

don't constitute the expansion board. Also

don't constitute the expansion board. Also

outside sound cards connected by the USB

outside sound cards connected by the USB

port to the computer appeared.

port to the computer appeared.

Bulk storage

Bulk storage

P

P

ermanent memory,

ermanent memory,

allocated for long-

allocated for long-

term storing

term storing

the large amount of data in

the large amount of data in

contrast with the memory the RAM and

contrast with the memory the RAM and

the ROM. the bulk storage is being

the ROM. the bulk storage is being

put

put

down on outside media of

down on outside media of

communication.

communication.

Media of

Media of

communication are written and read out in

communication are written and read out in

devices called drives.

devices called drives.

Kinds of the bulk

Kinds of the bulk

storage

storage



fixed disks - random access memory; data

fixed disks - random access memory; data

carriers installed in disk arrays against

carriers installed in disk arrays against



magnetic tapes - memory about the

magnetic tapes - memory about the

sequential access written and read out in

sequential access written and read out in

the band drive

the band drive



the CD-ROM

the CD-ROM



plates DVD

plates DVD



plates Blu-Ray Disk

plates Blu-Ray Disk



HD plates DVD

HD plates DVD



the USB memory.

the USB memory.



for memory cards

for memory cards



SSD

SSD

Network interface card

Network interface card

Ex

Ex

pansion board which serves

pansion board which serves

for

for

converting data packets

converting data packets

into signals

into signals

which are being

which are being

sent in the computer

sent in the computer

network.

network.

Cards nothing are working in

Cards nothing are working in

the specific standard, e.g. Ethernet, token

the specific standard, e.g. Ethernet, token

ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100 VGAnylan.

ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100 VGAnylan.