Presentation of

Presentation of

the computer

the computer

Structure of the

Structure of the

contemporary

contemporary

computer

computer

The computer makes

The computer makes

up around

up around

:

:



O

O

f processor

f processor



O

O

f the motherboard

f the motherboard



O

O

f the memory

f the memory

o

o

f frames

f frames



O

O

f a graphics card

f a graphics card



O

O

f a sound card

f a sound card



O

O

f the bulk storage

f the bulk storage



O

O

f the network card

f the network card

Processor

Processor

Main element of the computer, of which

Main element of the computer, of which

carrying

carrying

out a command and controlling the

out a command and controlling the

work of all

work of all

remaining blocks of the

remaining blocks of the

system are a task (among

system are a task (among

others of the

others of the

memory and input-output circuits). They are basic

memory and input-output circuits). They are basic

functional blocks, from which the processor is built,:

functional blocks, from which the processor is built,:

arithmetic-logic unit, control system with the clock of

arithmetic-logic unit, control system with the clock of

the processor and team of registers of the central

the processor and team of registers of the central

processing unit. They are the most important

processing unit. They are the most important

parameters: length of the data word inside the

parameters: length of the data word inside the

processor (in microprocessors 8, 16 or 32 beats),

processor (in microprocessors 8, 16 or 32 beats),

word length of the address (usually 16 or 20 beats),

word length of the address (usually 16 or 20 beats),

the list of orders and the time of the machine cycle.

the list of orders and the time of the machine cycle.

Motherboard

Motherboard

On the motherboard important

On the motherboard important

components

components

of the device are being

of the device are being

assembled, enabling the

assembled, enabling the

transport

transport

for everyone for remaining

for everyone for remaining

components

components

and modules. In the

and modules. In the

computer

computer

processor

processor

, the

, the

main

main

memory or nests are on a motherboard for

memory or nests are on a motherboard for

installing these devices and the nest for putting

installing these devices and the nest for putting

additional called plates in with widening cards (e.g.

additional called plates in with widening cards (e.g.

PCI), of storing devices (hard disks, optical drives itp.)

PCI), of storing devices (hard disks, optical drives itp.)

and of power pack. In some structures of also other

and of power pack. In some structures of also other

external devices (serial port, parallel port, USB,

external devices (serial port, parallel port, USB,

connector of the keyboard, connector of the mouse).

connector of the keyboard, connector of the mouse).

Memory of frames

Memory of frames

RAM (ang. for Rands Memory Access –

RAM (ang. for Rands Memory Access –

random access memory) basic kind of the

random access memory) basic kind of the

digital

digital

memory. At least a name is

memory. At least a name is

implying that it means

implying that it means

every memory about the direct access to the any

every memory about the direct access to the any

storage cell in the memory RAM programs currently

storage cell in the memory RAM programs currently

carried out and data are being stored for these

carried out and data are being stored for these

programs and results of their work. Content of the

programs and results of their work. Content of the

majority of the memory the RAM is lost a few

majority of the memory the RAM is lost a few

seconds after the disappearance of stretching the

seconds after the disappearance of stretching the

power supply, some types require also refreshing,

power supply, some types require also refreshing,

therefore results of the work of programs must be

therefore results of the work of programs must be

recorded on other data carrier.

recorded on other data carrier.

Graphics card

Graphics card

Expansion card of the computer

Expansion card of the computer

generating the signal for the

generating the signal for the

screen of the

screen of the

monitor. A receipt

monitor. A receipt

and processing the

and processing the

information

information

received from the computer

received from the computer

about

about

the insult and proper showing this

the insult and proper showing this

image are a basic task of a graphics card

image are a basic task of a graphics card

behind the mediation of monitor. This sub-

behind the mediation of monitor. This sub-

assembly is also being called the date VGA

assembly is also being called the date VGA

card.

card.

Sound card

Sound card

It is the computer expansion card,

It is the computer expansion card,

enabling the registration, processing

enabling the registration, processing

and

and

reconstructing sound. Also a

reconstructing sound. Also a

term equally

term equally

often applied is correct

often applied is correct

musical card.

musical card.

At present sound arrangements being

At present sound arrangements being

enough for amateur applications are usually

enough for amateur applications are usually

being built in into the motherboard, and they

being built in into the motherboard, and they

don't constitute the expansion board. Also

don't constitute the expansion board. Also

outside sound cards connected by the USB

outside sound cards connected by the USB

port to the computer appeared.

port to the computer appeared.

Network interface card

Network interface card

Ex

Ex

pansion board which serves

pansion board which serves

for

for

converting data packets

converting data packets

into signals

into signals

which are being

which are being

sent in the computer

sent in the computer

network.

network.

Cards nothing are working in

Cards nothing are working in

the specific standard, e.g. Ethernet, token

the specific standard, e.g. Ethernet, token

ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100 VGAnylan.

ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100 VGAnylan.

Bulk storage

Bulk storage

P

P

ermanent memory,

ermanent memory,

allocated for long-

allocated for long-

term storing

term storing

the large amount of data in

the large amount of data in

contrast with the memory the RAM and

contrast with the memory the RAM and

the ROM. the bulk storage is being

the ROM. the bulk storage is being

put

put

down on outside media of

down on outside media of

communication.

communication.

Media of

Media of

communication are written and read out in

communication are written and read out in

devices called drives.

devices called drives.

Kinds of the bulk

Kinds of the bulk

storage

storage



fixed disks - random access memory; data

fixed disks - random access memory; data

carriers installed in disk arrays against

carriers installed in disk arrays against



magnetic tapes - memory about the

magnetic tapes - memory about the

sequential access written and read out in

sequential access written and read out in

the band drive

the band drive



the CD-ROM

the CD-ROM



plates DVD

plates DVD



plates Blu-Ray Disk

plates Blu-Ray Disk



HD plates DVD

HD plates DVD



the USB memory.

the USB memory.



for memory cards

for memory cards



SSD

SSD

History

History

windowsa

windowsa



MS-DOS and covers

MS-DOS and covers

MS-DOS (i PC-DOS - version

MS-DOS (i PC-DOS - version

IBM)

IBM)

Windows 1.0

Windows 1.0

Windows 2.0

Windows 2.0

Windows 2.1 (also Windows/286 i Windows/386)

Windows 2.1 (also Windows/286 i Windows/386)

Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11 (additionally

Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11 (additionally

Windows

Windows

for Workgroups)

for Workgroups)



Systems from the line

Systems from the line

9x

9x

Windows 95 (Windows 4.0)

Windows 95 (Windows 4.0)

Windows 98 (Windows 4.1), Windows 98 Second Edition

Windows 98 (Windows 4.1), Windows 98 Second Edition

Windows Millenium Edition (Windows Me, Windows 4.9)

Windows Millenium Edition (Windows Me, Windows 4.9)



Products of the line

Products of the line

OS/2

OS/2

wersje 16-bitowe: OS/2 1.0 (

wersje 16-bitowe: OS/2 1.0 (

only a version with the

only a version with the

interface

interface

CLI), 1.1,

CLI), 1.1,

1.2, 1.3

1.2, 1.3

wersje 32-bitowe: OS/2 2.0, 2.1, 2.11, 2.11 SMP, Warp 3,

wersje 32-bitowe: OS/2 2.0, 2.1, 2.11, 2.11 SMP, Warp 3,

Warp 4

Warp 4



Products of the line

Products of the line

NT

NT

Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51

Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51

Windows NT 4.0

Windows NT 4.0

Windows 2000 (Windows NT 5.0)

Windows 2000 (Windows NT 5.0)

Windows XP (Windows NT 5.1)

Windows XP (Windows NT 5.1)

Windows XP x64 (Windows NT 5.2)

Windows XP x64 (Windows NT 5.2)

Windows Vista (Windows NT 6.0)

Windows Vista (Windows NT 6.0)

Windows 7 (Windows NT 6.1)

Windows 7 (Windows NT 6.1)

in the future

in the future

Windows 8 (?)

Windows 8 (?)



Server products

Server products

Windows NT 3.51 Server

Windows NT 3.51 Server

Windows NT 4.0 Server

Windows NT 4.0 Server

Windows 2000 Server (a few varieties) - NT

Windows 2000 Server (a few varieties) - NT

5.0/NT 5.1

5.0/NT 5.1

Widows Server 2003 (a few varieties) - NT 5.2

Widows Server 2003 (a few varieties) - NT 5.2

Windows Server 2008 (a few varieties) - NT

Windows Server 2008 (a few varieties) - NT

6.0

6.0

in the future:

in the future:

Windows Server 2008 R2 - 7.0

Windows Server 2008 R2 - 7.0

History of the version

History of the version



20

20

November 1985

November 1985

–

–

Windows 1.0

Windows 1.0



9 December 1987

9 December 1987

–

–

Windows 2.0

Windows 2.0



22 May 1990

22 May 1990

-

-

Windows 3.0

Windows 3.0



6 April 1992

6 April 1992

-

-

Windows 3.1

Windows 3.1



27 October 1992

27 October 1992

-

-

Windows for Workgroups

Windows for Workgroups

3.1

3.1



27 July 1993

27 July 1993

-

-

Windows NT 3.1

Windows NT 3.1



8 November 1993

8 November 1993

-

-

Windows for Workgroups

Windows for Workgroups

3.11

3.11



21 September 1994

21 September 1994

-

-

Windows NT 3.5

Windows NT 3.5



30 May 1995

30 May 1995

-

-

Windows NT 3.51

Windows NT 3.51



24 August 1995

24 August 1995

-

-

Windows 95

Windows 95



29 July 1996

29 July 1996

-

-

Windows NT 4.0

Windows NT 4.0



25 June 1998

25 June 1998

-

-

Windows 98

Windows 98



9 May 1999

9 May 1999

-

-

Windows 98 SE

Windows 98 SE



17 February 2000

17 February 2000

-

-

Windows 2000

Windows 2000



14 September 2000

14 September 2000

-

-

Windows ME

Windows ME



25 October 2001

25 October 2001

-

-

Windows XP

Windows XP



25 April 2003

25 April 2003

-

-

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003



18 December 2003

18 December 2003

-

-

Windows XP Media Center

Windows XP Media Center

Edition 2003

Edition 2003



12 October 2004

12 October 2004

-

-

Windows XP Media Center

Windows XP Media Center

Edition 2003

Edition 2003



25 April 2005

25 April 2005

-

-

Windows Xp Profesional x64

Windows Xp Profesional x64

Edition

Edition



30 November 2006

30 November 2006

-

-

Windows Vista

Windows Vista



30 January 2007

30 January 2007

-

-

Windows Vista

Windows Vista



2007

2007

-

-

Windows Vista Ultimate

Windows Vista Ultimate



2007

2007

-

-

Windows Home Server

Windows Home Server



22 October 2009

22 October 2009

-

-

Windows 7

Windows 7

THE END

THE END

For contractor:

For contractor:

Mateusz Mamala

Mateusz Mamala

Jakub Jodłowski

Jakub Jodłowski

Paulina Koterla

Paulina Koterla

Paulina Pawłowska

Paulina Pawłowska

Mateusz Jodłowski

Mateusz Jodłowski

Klaudia Bobak

Klaudia Bobak

Drawn up on the base:

Drawn up on the base:

Of popular encyclopedia PWN

Of popular encyclopedia PWN

www.wikipedia.pl

www.wikipedia.pl

Dictionaries:

Dictionaries:

The contemporary English-Polish

The contemporary English-Polish

Polish-English dictionary

Polish-English dictionary

www.translatica.pl

www.translatica.pl

Help at translations:

Help at translations:

Mgr Grzegorz Krawczyk

Mgr Grzegorz Krawczyk

Magdalena Wojnarowska

Magdalena Wojnarowska