Saint-Gobain

Miljø og teknologiprodukter

Silisiumkarbid i solceller og

partikkelfilter

Dr.Ing. Lars P. Maltby

General Manager SiC Europe

Silicon Carbide business

Grains & Powders Division

High Performance Materials Sector

Saint-Gobain

1

Silicon Carbide

Silicon Carbide is a synthetic material with an
outstanding

hardness

, only superseded by

Diamond, Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) and Boron
Carbide (B

4

C).

The

chemical inertness

to most of the alkaline

and acids in combination with its excellent

heat

and

abrasion resistance

make the Silicon

Carbide very suitable under extreme operating
conditions

Why SiliconCarbide ?

Arendal

Built 1912

100 employees

Lillesand
Built 1965
165 employees

History
Plants

1992 ISO 9001

1998 Furnace de-dusting systems installed Arendal&Lillesand

1998 Diamond award, Arendal

2002 Saint-Gobain Principles of Conduct & Order

2002 Photovoltaic business introduction
2003 Diesel Particulate Filter module I, Lillesand

2003 Diamond award, Arendal

2004 Photovoltaic SiC expansion, Arendal
2006 Diesel Particulate Filter module II, Lillesand

2007 “Millionaires club”, Arendal

2007 Evaluation “Distant heating project” Lillesand Kommune

2008 Launch of “Superslice” photovoltaic product, Arendal

2008 Qualification for ISO 14001

2008 Qualification for OSHAS 18001

Reduction of emissions (since

2000):

Sulphur SO2 – by 53 %
Carbon Dioxide CO2 – by 70 %
Particulate Matter – by 80 %

On-going projects :

Alternate C-

sources
100 % recycling

waste

Industrial restructuring

Volume

(tons)

Sales

(MNOK)

MNOK/ansatt

Petroleum

Coke

Quartz

Sand

Green SiC Black SiC

Acheson furnace

Classification

Crushing / Milling

Treatments

Finished

goods

SiC - General process

Acheson Furnace

Refining Process

SiC til solcelleindustrien

2

Source : Elkem Solar

The Standard crystalline PV wafer manufacturing
chain

Multi Si

Mono Si

Sources : Meyer + Burger

Manufacturing chain of a solar c-Si
wafer

Application: What is a Wiresaw?

Courtesy from HCT

HCT E500 SD: one of the industry

workhorses

4 ingots sliced, 2 meters in total
4000 wafers per process
1 million $ investment per

machine

Application: What is a Wiresaw?

Traditional Manufacturing

Silicon Carbide Production

SiC logistics

SiC Photovoltaic project
SUPERSLICE

SiC i partikkelfilter

3

Andel diesel personbiler øker :

Europa : 2000  33 %

2007  52 %

Norge :

03/07  75 % (Nye biler)

0,025 0,05 0,08

1992 EURO1

1996 EURO2

2000 EURO3

2005
EURO4

0,97

0,7

0,56

0,3

0,14

H

C

+

N

O

x

(

g

/k

m

)

Particulate content
(g/km)

Light Diesel Vehicles Emissions levels

Durability of depollution
systems

EURO 4 : 80.000 km
EURO 5 : 200.000 km

Sulfur content of diesel fuel

EURO3 : 350 ppm
EURO 4 : 50 ppm
EURO 5 : 10 ppm

EURO5 2009

HC+NOx = 0,13 g/km
PM = 0,005 g/km

Euro Regulations drive the demand in
Europe

Source: SG DPF marketing team

NOx (especially NO2) regulations
under intense discussions today

USA:
All Diesel vehicles

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Euro4

Euro5

Euro6

Europe :
Light Diesel Vehicles and MD

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Euro4

Euro5

Euro6

Europe : Heavy-Duty

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

USA 2007

USA 2010

Regulations roadmap in Europe
and US

DPF compulsory

D-NOx compulsory

DPF + De-NOx

Source: HPM strategic plan 2006

Source: SG DPF marketing team

Diesel vehicle market, European &
DPF

Biler (x1000)

Andel med
DPF (%)

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Euro4

Euro5

Euro6

Europe :
Light Diesel Vehicles and MD

Need for SiC micro grits and
powders is going to grow to 30
ktpy within 5 years

Tonnage of SiC by region of

DPF demand (ktpy)

Source: SG DPF marketing team, SiC Department analysis

Micrometer

0,1

0,01

1,0

10,0

100,0

Mineral sands

Cement

Flour

Pollen

Bacteria

Paint pigments

Atmospheric dust

Tobacco smoke

1

1

2

2

SiC DPF products

SiC - andre bruksområder

4

SiC Application Abrasives

Silicon Carbide is an attractive material
for abrasive applications because of :

Extreme hardness
Abrasion resistance
Particle shape modification

Typical application areas are :

Grinding wheels
Honing stones
Grinding paper and cloth
Lapping and polishing powder
Wiresawing (Si) and other materials
Polishing marble/granite

SiC Application Refractory

Silicon Carbide is an attractive materials
for several refractory applications
because of :

Chemical inertness at high temperature
High abrasion resistance
Low coefficient of thermal expansion
High thermal shock resistance
High thermal conductivity

Typical application areas are :

Aluminium reduction cells
Incinerator bricks for blast/zinc furnaces
Crucibles
Monolithics
Tap hole runners in melting furnaces

SiC Application Ceramics

Silicon Carbide is an attractive materials
for ceramic applications because of :

Chemical inertness at high temperature
Low coefficient of thermal expansion
High thermal shock resistance
High thermal conductivity
Ballistic properties

Typical application areas are :

Kiln Furniture
Armor
Diffusion Components
Seal rings
Igniters
Burner nozzles
Slurry pump housing/impellers