Plant Structure and

Plant Structure and

Function

Function

Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root,

Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root,

Flower, Fruit or Seed?

Flower, Fruit or Seed?

Fruit/Vegetable

Fruit/Vegetable

Part of Plant

Part of Plant

Broccoli

Broccoli

Cabbage

Cabbage

Carrot

Carrot

Celery Stalk

Celery Stalk

Corn Kernel

Corn Kernel

Garlic

Garlic

Onion

Onion

Potato

Potato

Tomato

Tomato

Zucchini

Zucchini

Plant Body

Plant Body

•

Shoot system =

Shoot system =

leaves + stem

leaves + stem

•

Root system

Root system

•

Meristem = cells

Meristem = cells

that divide for

that divide for

life of plant, can

life of plant, can

give rise to all

give rise to all

plant structures

plant structures

Three Types of Plant Tissues

Three Types of Plant Tissues

•

Vascular Tissue

Vascular Tissue

–

Transport

Transport

–

Support

Support

•

Ground Tissue

Ground Tissue

–

Synthesis of Sugars

Synthesis of Sugars

–

Storage

Storage

–

Support

Support

•

Dermal Tissue

Dermal Tissue

–

Protection

Protection

Division of Meristem

Division of Meristem

Cells

Cells

Causes Plant Growth

Causes Plant Growth

•

Apical Meristem

Apical Meristem

–

tips of root and

tips of root and

shoot

shoot

–

increase in height

increase in height

•

Lateral Meristem

Lateral Meristem

–

cylinders within

cylinders within

plant body

plant body

–

increase in width

increase in width

Plant Body

Plant Body

Functions

Functions

Exposes surface to sunlight

Exposes surface to sunlight

Major site of photosynthesis

Major site of photosynthesis

Conserves water

Conserves water

Provides for gas exchange

Provides for gas exchange

Blade

Blade

Petiol

Petiol

e

e

Leaf = blade + petiole

Leaf = blade + petiole

Stoma =

opening in the

leaf for gas

exchange,

water

evaporation

Structures of the Leaf

Structures of the Leaf

Photosynthes

is

Conserves water

Transports

water and

sugar to stem

and roots

Plant Body

Plant Body

Stem: series of nodes and

Stem: series of nodes and

internodes

internodes

Functions

Functions

Holds leaves up to light

Holds leaves up to light

Transports substances

Transports substances

through vascular tissue

through vascular tissue

Xylem conducts water

Xylem conducts water

and minerals

and minerals

Phloem transports

Phloem transports

sugar

sugar

Lateral Meristem Causes

Lateral Meristem Causes

the Stem to Grow in Width

the Stem to Grow in Width

Wood and Bark are

Wood and Bark are

Products of Lateral Meristem

Products of Lateral Meristem

Plant Body

Plant Body

Root

Root

Functions

Functions

Anchors plant in soil

Anchors plant in soil

Takes up water and

Takes up water and

minerals from

minerals from

soil

soil

Applying Your Knowledge

Applying Your Knowledge

A.

A.

Where is the primary site of

Where is the primary site of

photosynthesis in a plant?

photosynthesis in a plant?

B.

B.

Which one is responsible for an

Which one is responsible for an

increase in plant height?

increase in plant height?

C.

C.

Which one transports materials

Which one transports materials

throughout the plant?

throughout the plant?

1.

1.

Apical

Apical

Meristem

Meristem

2.

2.

Vascular Tissue

Vascular Tissue

3.

3.

Stem

Stem

4.

4.

Leaf

Leaf

5.

5.

Lateral

Lateral

Meristem

Meristem

Flowering

Flowering

Plant

Plant

Reproduction

Reproduction

•

Flowers are

Flowers are

modified leaves,

modified leaves,

specialized for

specialized for

reproduction.

reproduction.

•

Flower parts

Flower parts

undergo meiosis

undergo meiosis

to produce

to produce

haploid products

haploid products

–

pollen grain

pollen grain

–

ovule

ovule

(contains egg

(contains egg

cell)

cell)

Pollen
grains

Ovule

Flower

Meiosis

Mitosis

Mitosis

A Complete Flower Has Both

A Complete Flower Has Both

Male and Female Parts

Male and Female Parts

Sepal

Sepal

Petal

Petal

Ova

Ova

ry

ry

Styl

Styl

e

e

Stig

Stig

ma

ma

P

is

ti

l

P

is

ti

l

P

is

ti

l

P

is

ti

l

Anth

Anth

er

er

Filam

Filam

ent

ent

S

ta

m

e

n

S

ta

m

e

n

S

ta

m

e

n

S

ta

m

e

n

Encloses and

Protects Bud

Attracts

pollinator

Male

part

Female

part

Produces

egg

Produces

pollen

Mature Pollen

Mature Pollen

Grain

Grain

Pollination

Pollination

and

and

Fertilizatio

Fertilizatio

n in a

n in a

Flower

Flower

Tube Cell Nucleus

Tube Cell Nucleus

Sperm Cells

Sperm Cells

1.

1.

pollen grains

pollen grains

land on stigma

land on stigma

Stigma

Stigma

Style

Style

Ovary

Ovary

2.

2.

pollen tubes grow

pollen tubes grow

down stigma to ovary

down stigma to ovary

Sperm

Sperm

Egg

Egg

3A: Fusion of

3A: Fusion of

sperm + egg

sperm + egg

3B: Fusion of 2

3B: Fusion of 2

nd

nd

sperm + two

sperm + two

polar nuclei

polar nuclei

3.

3.

double

double

fertiliza

fertiliza

tion

tion

Polar nuclei

Polar nuclei

Ovule

Ovule

Development of Fruit and Seeds

From Flower Parts

Triploid

Triploid

Endosperm

Endosperm

Cell

Cell

Triploid

Triploid

Endosperm

Endosperm

Cell

Cell

Ovary

Ovary

Ovary

Ovary

Integument

Integument

Integument

Integument

Diploid

Diploid

Zygote

Zygote

Diploid

Diploid

Zygote

Zygote

Endosperm

Endosperm

Endosperm

Endosperm

Fresh

Fresh

Fruit

Fruit

Fresh

Fresh

Fruit

Fruit

Seed

Seed

Coat

Coat

Seed

Seed

Coat

Coat

Embry

Embry

o

o

(new

(new

plant)

plant)

Embry

Embry

o

o

(new

(new

plant)

plant)

Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coat

Fruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed
dispersal

Provides

nutrition

Applying Your Knowledge

Applying Your Knowledge

A.

A.

Which one develops from the ovary wall?

Which one develops from the ovary wall?

B.

B.

Which one produces pollen?

Which one produces pollen?

C.

C.

Which one develops from a fertilized ovule?

Which one develops from a fertilized ovule?

D.

D.

What is the name of the female part of the

What is the name of the female part of the

flower?

flower?

1.

1.

Seed

Seed

2.

2.

Fruit

Fruit

3.

3.

Pistil

Pistil

4.

4.

Anther

Anther

5.

5.

Pollen

Pollen