word or phrase	part of speech	definition	example sentence	unit	French
acted illegally	phrase	did something in a way not allowed by law	The company acted illegally by forcing an employee into early retirement.	1	agi de façon illégale
business environment	noun	the conditions that organisations operate in and the way that they influence how the organisations operate	In a fast-paced, changing business environment, making sure employees have the right guidance can be critical.	1	environnement commercial
heavily regulated	phrase	controlled by rules or laws to a great degree	Healthcare and banking are heavily regulated.	1	fortement réglementé
impressive and symbolic order	noun	a special and important request from a customer for goods or services	The company received an impressive and symbolic order from the royal family.	1	ordre impressionnant et symbolique
increasingly globalised	phrase	operating internationally more and more	The food chain is becoming increasingly globalised.	1	de plus en plus mondialisé
invested heavily	phrase	put a lot of money, effort, time, etc. into something in order to improve it or get an advantage	The government has invested heavily in higher education.	1	investi massivement
largely monopolised	phrase	mainly controlled or dominated	Different sports, like different industries, are largely monopolised by a small group of teams or companies.	1	largement monopolisé
legal and technical monopoly	noun	a situation in which a government gives the right to provide particular goods or services to one company, and in which the company is the only one with the knowledge, machines or methods to provide the goods or services	The company has a legal and technical monopoly on production of the drug.	1	monopole juridique et technique
monopoly	noun	a situation in which one company or person or a government has no competition in the sale of a particular product or service and is able to control its supply and price	He argues that farm subsidies help keep agricultural land away from corporate monopolies.	1	monopole
natural monopoly	noun	a situation in which one company is able to supply the whole market for a product or service more cheaply than two or more companies could	Technology has moved on, turning what was once a natural monopoly into a potentially competitive market.	1	monopole naturel
oligopoly	noun	a situation in which only a small number of companies are involved in producing a particular type of goods or in providing a particular type of service. The group of companies itself is also referred to as an oligopoly.	Some say that Swedish banking is an oligopoly: the big four banks control 89% of total banking assets.	1	oligopole
perfect competition	noun	a situation where the sellers of a product or service are free to compete fairly, and sellers and buyers have complete information	It may be impossible to create markets where there is perfect competition.	1	concurrence parfaite
political and economic agenda	noun	the political and economic things that a person or organisation considers to be important and wants to solve or achieve, or their reasons for wanting to do those things	Political and economic agendas change with the times, as every CEO knows.	1	ordre du jour politique et économique
sustainable and profitable growth	noun	an increase in the ability of an economy or business to produce goods and services which results in a profit or an advantage and is able to continue at the same level for a period of time	Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan for sustainable and economic growth.	1	croissance durable et rentable
conversely	adverb	in an opposite way	Introducing flexitime can motivate employees to work harder, or, conversely, lead to a decrease in productivity.	2	inversement
genetically modified	adjective	describes a plant or animal that has had some of its genes changed scientifically	Genetically modified foods have to pass a rigorous safety assessment.	2	génétiquement modifié
massive	adjective	very large in size or amount	The company needs to raise cash to pay down its massive $1.2 billion debt.	2	énorme
organic	adjective	relating to growing food or other products without using artificial chemicals	Are these carrots organic?	2	organique
purchase	verb	to buy something	Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance.	2	acheter
reconsidering	present participle	thinking about changing a decision or a plan	The organisation is reconsidering its position in the light of new developments.	2	revoyant
shape	verb	to decide or influence the form of something, especially a belief or idea, or someone's character	He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy.	2	façonner
shortages	noun plural	situations in which there is less of something than people want or need	The country could face power shortages as early as next year due to growing demand.	2	pénuries
consumer electronics	noun	used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electronic products that are bought by people for their own use	The economic outlook is good for most manufacturers of consumer electronics.	2	électronique grand public
food and drink	noun	used to describe the industry or a company focussed on food and drink	We hope the government listens to the concerns of the food and drink industry and drops its plans to make food labelling legislation more complex.	2	denrées alimentaires et boissons
health and beauty	noun	used to describe the industry or a company focussed on health and beauty products and services, such as cosmetics, hair care products, medicines etc.	The health and beauty industry has been badly affected by the recession.	2	santé et beauté
home care	noun	used to describe the industry or a company focussed on products for house and garden cleaning and maintenance	The growth in the popularity of air fresheners has helped increase home care industry sales.	2	habitat
home electrical	noun	used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electrical products in the home such as laptops, TVs, mobiles and PCs.	One of the big supermarkets has moved into home electrical goods.	2	électroménager
supermarket retail	noun	used to describe the industry or a company focussed on selling to consumers through supermarkets	The supermarket retail industry in the EU is dominated by a small number of supermarket chains.	2	vente au détail en supermarché
Socio-cultural	adjective	one of the STEEP factors, relating to forces within society such as family, friends, colleagues, neighbours and the media	Socio-cultural forces affect our attitudes, interests and opinions.	2	socioculturel
Technological	adjective	one of the STEEP factors, relating to modern technology and its influence on business, industry, etc.	Technological advances have greatly changed the manner in which businesses operate.	2	Technologique
Economic	adjective	one of the STEEP factors, relating to trade, industry, and money	All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors.	2	Économique
Environmental	adjective	one of the STEEP factors, relating to the environment	Environmental factors include increased pollution levels and deforestation.	2	Écologique
Political	adjective	one of the STEEP factors, relating to politics	Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for organisations.	2	Politique
annual base salary	noun	the amount of money that someone earns every year in their job, not including any extra payments they may receive	She earns an annual base salary of €45,000.	3	salaire de base annuel
comparison companies	noun plural	companies that are trying to compete with others in a particular market	She was looking for a new job in the same industry, and looked at the job vacancies at comparison companies.	3	sociétés concurrentes
compensation programme	noun	the system of payment and benefits that an employee receives for doing their job	In addition to the base salary, Our compensation programme includes incentives in the form of stock options and shares.	3	programme de rémunération
customer retention rates	noun plural	the percentage of customers kept for a defined period of time	The firm's customer retention rate has remained steady at 82%.	3	taux de fidélisation de clientèle
difficult to incentivise	phrase	not easy to make someone want to do something	The company found it difficult to incentivise employees to work longer hours.	3	difficile à inciter
equity-based awards	noun plural	an amount of money paid by a company to an employee as an increase in income or as a special payment for success, which is connected to the value of shares in the company	Equity-based awards have been ruled out in the new compensation package.	3	rémunération à base de titres de participation
financial incentive	noun	money that encourages a person or organisation to do something	Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology.	3	prime
incentive bonus	noun	an amount of money given to an employee in addition to their salary that encourages the employee to do something	Bank bosses are still being paid huge incentive bonuses.	3	prime d'encouragement
incentivise investment in	phrase	to make someone want to put money into something	The government needs to incentivise investment in the broadband communication infrastructure in rural areas.	3	inciter l'investissement dans
income	noun	money earned by a person, company, government, etc. over particular period of time	To qualify, you must have an income of $24,000 or less.	3	revenu
increased shareholder value	noun	better returns for shareholders or maximisation of share value	The company has been successful in driving increased shareholder value.	3	valeur actionnariale accrue
new product revenue	noun	the money received from new products or services	New product revenue is much less than from print advertising.	3	revenu sur produits nouveaux
operating cash flow	noun	cash generated from operating activities	The incentive payout is partly based on operating cash flow.	3	flux de trésorerie d'exploitation
operating profit	noun	a company's profit from its normal business activities, not including any earned from investments or sales of assets, calculated by taking operating expenses away from gross income	Last year, they made an operating profit of $17m on revenues of $1.54 billion.	3	bénéfices d'exploitation
pay	verb	to give money to someone for work that they have done	He hates his job, but at least it pays well.	3	payer
pay	noun	the money you receive for doing a job	There has been a long-running dispute over pay and working conditions.	3	paie
pay cut	noun	a reduction in the money you receive for doing a job	Employees have a choice between taking a pay cut or working more.	3	réduction de salaire
payment	noun	an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid	For the fiscal year ended February 28 2010, payments from Class A Shares amounted to $1,470.	3	paiement
performance-related pay	noun	pay that is based on how well someone does their job	The unions are against performance-related pay for teachers.	3	salaire basé sur le mérite
remuneration	noun	payment for work that has been done or services that have been provided	The deal took his total remuneration last year to £2.4m.	3	rémunération
reward	verb	to give a person, company, or organisation money or other advantages because they have been successful	The Industrial Exporter of the Year award will reward a company that has expanded outside the domestic market.	3	récompenser
reward	noun	money that someone earns for doing a job, especially when this is a very large amount	The link between corporate performance and the big rewards reaped by directors should be more transparent.	3	prime
salary	noun	the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to do their job, or one of the payments they receive each month as part of this	Her annual salary exceeds €100,000.	3	salaire
short-term cash incentives	noun plural	amounts of money paid over short periods of time that encourage a person to do something	Short-term cash incentives were given to employees in order to improve performance.	3	primes en espèces à court-terme
stretch goals / stretch targets	noun plural	high and difficult levels of success that an employee must achieve if they are to be considered to be doing their job in a satisfactory way	Stretch targets should provide the benchmark under which a person's performance is deemed to be "poor".	3	objectifs élargis / cibles ambitieuses
wage	noun	an amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee for their work	This deal represents an hourly wage rate of $9.83.	3	salaire
convergence	noun	the movement of ideas and opinions to the same point (they become similar)	The convergence of ideas plays an important part in the creative process.	4	convergence
creativity	noun	the production or use of original and unusual ideas	The organisation celebrates and rewards creativity in its staff.	4	créativité
divergence	noun	a situation in which two things become different, or the difference between them increases	The figures reveal a marked divergence between public sector pay settlements and those in the private sector.	4	divergence
imagination	noun	the ability to think of new ideas	It's a job that needs someone with a bit of imagination.	4	imagination
implementation	noun	the act of putting a plan into action or of starting to use something	A vibrant and efficient service sector is important for the implementation of its policies.	4	exécution
innovation	noun	the use or development of new products, designs, or ideas	He says universities should work with the private sector to foster innovation and entrepreneurship.	4	innovation
interaction	noun	a situation where two or more people or things communicate with each other or react to each another	There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers.	4	interaction
invention	noun	a product or a way of doing something which has never been made or never existed before	Turning an invention from an idea into a money-making product is a long job.	4	invention
atmosphere at work	noun	the character, feeling or mood of a workplace	There's a very relaxed atmosphere at work.	5	ambiance au travail
budgets	noun plural	the amounts of money you are allowed to spend for particular purposes	Corporate planners are busy drawing up budgets for the next fiscal year.	5	budgets
departments	noun plural	parts of a large organisation, such as a company or university, that deal with a particular area of work, business, study, etc.	He was previously a director in the human resources department.	5	services
dress code	noun	an accepted way of dressing for a particular occasion or in a particular situation	When she got a new job she had to get used to the company's dress code.	5	code vestimentaire
expense accounts	noun plural	arrangements in which your employer pays for the things you need to buy while doing your job	I can put this lunch on my expense account.	5	notes de frais
norms	noun plural	accepted standards, or ways of behaving or doing things that most people agree with	These standards generally exceed the accepted industry norms.	5	normes
organisational structures	noun plural	ways in which a large company or organisation is organised, for example, the types of relationships that exist between managers and employees	Different organisational structures suit different kinds of organisation.	5	structures organisationnelles
personality	noun	the type of person you are, which is shown by the way you behave, feel, and think	He has a dynamic personality, makes excellent decisions, and is a true leader.	5	personnalité
procedures	noun plural	sets of actions which are the usual or official way of doing something	The company has introduced new procedures for dealing with customer complaints.	5	procédures
reward systems	noun plural	systems used by companies where employees who achieve particular results are paid more or get other advantages	Salespeople often benefit from generous reward systems.	5	systèmes de récompense
role culture	noun	a kind or organisational culture which can be pictured as a Greek temple, where the columns represent the departments and the roof above represents senior management. This culture is suited to stable environments or environments where the organisation has a lot of market power.	An organisation with a role culture is generally believed to be very stable but poor at implementing change.	5	culture des rôles définis
rules	noun plural	accepted principles or instructions that state the way things are or should be done, and tell you what you are allowed or are not allowed to do	Such misleading advertising is against the rules.	5	règles
task culture	noun	a kind or organisational culture which is job- or project-orientated. It is a team culture, characterised by high levels of cooperation and fast-decision-making.	Task culture is very adaptable and focuses on achieving results above all else.	5	culture de la répartition des tâches
values	noun plural	the beliefs that people have about what is right, wrong, and most important in life, business, etc. which control their behaviour	He believed that culture and values helped hold the company together.	5	valeurs
competence	noun	the ability in a given field or the ability to do something well	The ideal candidate will have both a design sensibility and competence in the relevant software packages.	6	compétence
dignity	noun	calm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you	He is a man of dignity and calm determination.	6	dignité
face	noun	the positive self-image that we have or the respect and honour of others	He thinks he would lose face if he admitted the mistake.	6	face
identity	noun	the distinct personality of an individual	There are many different aspects of our identity.	6	identité
rapport	noun	a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them	We'd worked together for years and developed a close rapport.	6	rapport
social inclusion	noun	the access we have to social networks or feel part of the rest of society	People have concerns over social inclusion.	6	intégration sociale
sociality rights	noun plural	what members of society expect they are entitled to	Sociality rights are concerned with personal and social entitlements.	6	droits de sociabilité
at the coalface	phrase	doing the work involved in a job, in real working conditions, rather than planning or talking about it	Those at the coalface of the business may occasionally lose patience with management theories and abstractions.	7	sur le terrain
crave the limelight	phrase	seek public attention and interest	She craves the limelight and wants the business to get lots of media attention.	7	rechercher le vedettariat
gut-wrenching	adjective	making you feel very uncomfortable	Senior executives found it gutwrenching to talk about layoffs.	7	déchirant
peter out	phrasal verb	to gradually stop or disappear	The fighting which started in the night had petered out by morning.	7	s'estomper
run into trouble	phrase	to begin to experience difficulties	We will run into trouble if we do not change our procedures.	7	se heurter à des difficultés
tackle the thorny issues	phrase	to try to deal with the problems or subjects which are difficult to deal with	There are many ways to tackle the thorny issue of taxation.	7	aborder les questions épineuses
take root	idiom	If an idea, belief or system takes root somewhere, it starts to be accepted there	Communism has never really taken root in England.	7	s'enraciner
windows of opportunity	noun plural	short periods in between other activities when there is a chance to do something	I have some windows of opportunity next week, so we could meet then.	7	moments libres
brief overview	noun	a short description of something which provides general information about it, but no details	This chart provides a brief overview of sales for the past six months.	8	bref aperçu
cut costs	phrase	to reduce the money that a company or organisation has to spend regularly	With regard to advertising, we have to cut costs from £12,000 to £8,000 per month.	8	réduire les coûts
encourage teamwork	phrase	to make people more likely to work together as a team	Senior management wants to encourage teamwork at all levels of the organisation.	8	encourager le travail d'équipe
engaging the stakeholders	phrase	interesting the people who are involved in or buy from a business or have an interest in its success in something, and keeping them thinking about it	The board is interested in engaging the stakeholders in this issue.	8	impliquer les parties prenantes
gather information	phrase	to collect facts or details about a person, company, product etc., often from different places or people	I went to several libraries to gather information about the scheme.	8	recueillir des informations
increase confidence	phrase	to have more trust that things will work well or behave as you expect, or become more certain of your own ability to do things well	As you progress through the project you will increase confidence in what you are doing.	8	gagner de la confiance
initial	adjective	happening at the beginning	Economists had expected GDP growth to be revised upwards from last month's initial estimate of 0.6%.	8	initial
pilot (the solution)	verb	to test (a solution) over a short period to see whether it is worth developing and investing in	The solution is being piloted by a few councils with a view to extending it nationwide.	8	tester (une solution)
put (a plan) into practice	phrase	to make (a plan) an action as opposed to thoughts or ideas	We are beginning to put the new processes and systems into practice.	8	mettre (un projet) en pratique
requirements	noun plural	what is wanted or needed by someone	I've been asked to estimate our budget requirements for next year.	8	exigences
screen out unwanted projects	phrase	to not accept projects that do no fit certain criteria	The procedures are designed to screen out unwanted projects containing high levels of risk.	8	filtrer les projets indésirables
slash delivery times	phrase	to suddenly reduce by a large amount the amount of time that it takes for goods that have been bought to arrive at the place where they are wanted	The retail giant is slashing delivery times to win customers.	8	réduire radicalement les délais de livraison
undertake (a feasibility study)	verb	to do or begin to do (an investigation carried out by a company or other organisation that examines whether a planned business activity or project is likely to be successful)	He needs to undertake a proper feasibility study.	8	entreprendre (une étude de faisabilité)
4Cs	noun plural	four subjects to consider when selling a product or service, which are more consumer-oriented than the 4Ps: convenience for the customer, customer wants and needs, cost to the customer, communication with the customer	The company is more influenced by the 4Cs than the 4Ps.	9	les critères-clés en matière de clientèle
4Ps	noun plural	the four main subjects to consider when selling a product or service: product (= what to sell), price, place (= where to sell it), and promotion (=advertising, etc.)	The tools we use to build competitive advantage are issues relating to applying the 4Ps in a profitable way.	9	les critères-clés en matière de produit
bricks and clicks operator	noun	a business that operates in a building and over the Internet	The supermarket chain is a bricks and clicks operator, allowing customers to shop in store or online.	9	opérateur physique et en ligne
bricks retailer	noun	a traditional retailer that operates in a building or buildings, when compared to one that operates over the Internet	Online retailers try to lure customers away from bricks retailers.	9	détaillant physique
communication with the customer	phrase	one of the four parts of the 4Cs, involving two-way communication between the customer and the supplier, in contrast to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, promotion, which suggests one-way communication.	Communication with the customer is not just advertising.	9	communication avec le client
convenience to the customer	phrase	one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which recognises customers' choices for buying in ways convenient to them, compared to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, place.	Convenience for the customer also includes key aspects of website design such as navigation.	9	commodité pour le client
cost to the customer	phrase	one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, price) represents the real cost to the customer, for example their own transport costs in addition to the price that companies charge for the product.	For ‘clicks’ e-retail, there are also the costs of carriage to be added to the quoted prices.	9	coût pour le client
customer relationship marketing	noun	gathering detailed information about customers in order to offer personalised products or services	Smart card loyalty schemes are an example of customer relationship marketing.	9	marketing de la relation client
customer wants and needs	noun plural	one of the four parts of the 4Cs, meaning the combination of services and satisfaction that customers want, focussing (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, product) more on the solution to the customer's problem than on the product that the customer wants to sell.	Customer wants and needs are not just about the products themselves but rather about good feelings or solutions to problems.	9	besoins et exigences du client
customer’s perspective	noun	the customer's way of considering something	The framework is designed to help companies view marketing from the customer's perspective.	9	point de vue du client
database marketing	noun	a technique enabling companies to analyse such things as online customer feedback and enquiries to help them understand their customers better	Database marketing uses powerful software to analyse information from customers.	9	marketing de base de données
dot.com	adjective	relating to companies that do most of their business on the Internet	Shareholders are unlikely to see the £15 per share high reached at the height of the dot.com boom.	9	point.com
dot.com	noun	a company that does most of its business on the Internet	Starting a successful dot.com has more to do with business skills than technical expertise.	9	société point.com
e-retail shop	noun	an online store	Their e-retail shop sells mostly books and DVDs.	9	boutique de détail en ligne
e-tailer	noun	a business that uses the Internet to sell its products	You can buy a wide variety of consumer electronics from an e-tailer.	9	détaillant en ligne
marketing mix	noun	the combination of actions a company uses when selling a product or service. These are often described as the four Ps (= product, price, place, and promotion) .	Their plan involves choosing target customers and designing a persuasive marketing mix to get them to buy.	9	mix marketing
multi-channel retailer	noun	a business which makes products and services available to customers in different ways, for example on the Internet and in store.	A multi-channel approach can allow customers to buy a product on the Internet but go to a store if they need a refund.	9	détaillant multicanaux
physical store	noun	a real store, rather than one which exists on the Internet	Even customers who shop online may prefer to go to a physical store for a refund or exchange.	9	boutique physique
producer’s perspective	noun	the manufacturer's way of considering something	The producer's perspective of product availability often differs from the customer's perspective.	9	point de vue du producteur
pure play	noun	a company that operates only over the Internet, and has no physical stores	BlueBags started out as a pure play, only available online.	9	société en ligne
retail outlet	noun	a store that sells goods to the public	Their albums are available only online, not at any retail outlets.	9	magasin de détail
search engine optimisation	noun	making a website easy to find via search engines	It is just as important to think about search engine optimisation as it is to make a website attractive and easy to navigate.	9	optimisation de moteur de recherche
social media marketing	noun	methods for advertising products, services, or brands using the Internet, by attracting the interest of groups of people who discuss them, make suggestions about them, etc. online	Social media marketing is part of a two-way process with customers.	9	marketing sur médias sociaux
target consumers	noun plural	the people that a company wants to sell its products or services to	We need the right product to satisfy the needs of target consumers.	9	consommateurs ciblés
virtual store	noun	a store that exists on the Internet, rather than a real one	A virtual store needs to be quick and easy to navigate.	9	magasin virtuel
web optimisation	noun	making a website which is well designed, for example one which is fast, easy and pleasant to use, and which is easy to find via search engines	Website optimisation will help a company's website attract more paying customers.	9	optimisation sur la toile
asset	noun	something that is owned by a company or organisation, such as money, property, land or a brand.	The company reported total assets worth $1.9 million.	10	élément d'actif
attributed to	phrasal verb	given to	The value attributed to a particular product can vary enormously from country to country or according to the time of year.	10	attribué à
beyond	preposition	outside or further than (something)	Copywriters and branding experts will move further beyond benefits to highlight hidden benefits.	10	au-delà de
boost	verb	to increase or improve something	The industry has exceeded all expectations for boosting profits and dividends.	10	dynamiser
brand awareness	noun	the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a particular brand	The objective is to develop positive attitudes and build brand awareness among car owners in order to induce them to purchase.	10	notoriété de la marque
brand equity	noun	the value of a particular brand for the company that makes it	Brand equity is presumed to be a leading indicator of a business's future success.	10	valeur de la marque
brand extension	noun	the process of using an existing brand name to introduce new products or services	One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extension into other areas.	10	extension de la marque
brand image	noun	a set of features and ideas that customers connect in their minds with a particular product or brand	He attributes their success to the shops looking right, a strong brand image, and sensational advertising.	10	image de la marque
brand positioning	noun	a company's decision about how a product is marketed in relation to its other products, and to competitors' products	Everything from brand positioning to price, supply chain, advertising, capital spending, and quality is being reviewed.	10	positionnement de la marque
brand repositioning	noun	the process of changing the way that people think about a brand	We are beginning to feel the benefits of the brand repositioning we have done.	10	repositionnement de la marque
extensions	noun plural	uses of an existing brand name to introduce new products or services	One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extensions into car hire and coach services.	10	extensions
gross revenues	noun plural	money generated by all of a company's operations, before deductions for expenses	Brand repositioning enabled the company to increase its gross revenues.	10	revenus bruts
licensed brand	noun	a brand that is leased to a manufacturer, who then makes the product under that name	Consumers may not be aware that they are purchasing a licensed brand.	10	marque sous licence
luxury brand	noun	an expensive brand which is not necessary but bought for pleasure	Many rich and famous women like to be seen carrying a luxury brand handbag.	10	marque de luxe
manufacturer’s brand	noun	the name of a manufacturer on a product, used to advertise and sell the product	It is estimated that 85% of all sporting goods are sold under a manufacturer's brand.	10	marque du fabricant
own brand	noun	a product that has the name of the store where you buy it, rather than a name used by the company that made it	Supermarket own brands are almost invariably cheaper than branded goods.	10	marque propre
perceptions	noun plural	ways that people think and feel about a company, product, service, etc.	Although our handling of complaints has improved greatly, it continues to be a significant problem in terms of public perception.	10	perceptions
transmit	verb	to communicate information, knowledge, beliefs, values, ideas etc. to others	Training appears to be an effective way to transmit information about diversity and its importance.	10	transmettre
affordable	adjective	not expensive	They are meeting consumer demand for affordable footwear.	10	abordable
iconic	adjective	very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time	Coca-Cola is an iconic brand.	10	emblématique
inspirational	adjective	making you feel hopeful or encouraged	The holiday provides tourists with an inspirational combination of mountain views and historic monuments.	10	stimulant
physical	adjective	relating to things you can see or touch	Physical comfort is the most important consideration when choosing footwear.	10	physique
relaxed	adjective	comfortable and informal	It's a very friendly bar with a nice relaxed style.	10	détendu
to be inspired by	phrase	to get an idea from	The sandals were inspired by an ancient Japanese design.	10	s'inspirer de
uncomplicated	adjective	simple, not difficult to understand	In response to customer demand, the new website has an uncomplicated style.	10	simple
unmistakable features	noun plural	clearly recognised characteristics of a product	Apple computers have a number of unmistakable features.	10	caractéristiques aisément reconnaissables
versatile	adjective	able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes	They were looking for versatile footwear and found a new kind of sheepskin boot.	10	polyvalent
vibrant	adjective	full of energy and excitement	Their products always use vibrant colours.	10	éclatant
catering	noun	the activity of providing food and drink	The passenger meals are prepared by airline catering services.	11	restauration
central costs	noun plural	costs for corporate and regional functions	Head office costs are an example of central costs.	11	frais centraux
depreciation	noun	a loss of value, especially over time	After three years, this car is projected to be worth 57% of its price when new - one of the lowest rates of depreciation of any car in any class.	11	dépréciation
direct costs	noun plural	costs that can be identified with a particular project or activity	Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated.	11	coûts directs
fixed costs	noun plural	costs such as wages, rent, and interest that do not change in relation to how much a business produces	When you take 2,000 people out of your business you will inevitably reduce the fixed costs.	11	coûts fixes
indirect costs	noun plural	costs that are not directly accountable to a particular project or activity	Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated.	11	coûts indirects
insurance	noun	money that is paid to an insurance company	They ask for 8% extra from customers who pay insurance by direct debit instead of as a lump sum.	11	assurance
interest	noun	money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money	Interest rates influence business borrowing.	11	intérêt
maintenance	noun	the activity of keeping a building, vehicle, road, etc. in good condition by checking it regularly and repairing it when necessary	Components necessary for the maintenance of our aeroplanes often have to be ordered from abroad.	11	entretien
navigation	noun	the act of directing a ship, aircraft, etc. from one place to another	In Europe, air navigation charges are collected from airlines by an organisation called Eurocontrol.	11	navigation
overheads	noun	the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a business	The combined company aims to reduce annual overheads by as much as £2 billion.	11	frais généraux
variable costs	noun plural	costs that change according to how much of a product is being produced or used	Common variable costs include raw materials, shipping and depletion.	11	coûts variables
capitalise on	phrasal verb	to use a situation to your own advantage	She capitalised on her knowledge and experience to get a new and better paid job.	12	tirer profit de
collateral	noun	property that someone borrowing money will give to the loan company, if he or she cannot pay the debt	Debt counsellors are concerned by the trend towards using houses as collateral against debt.	12	collatéral
entities	noun plural	organisations or businesses that have their own separate legal and financial existence	Nearly 90 entities, mainly private companies, mint gold in bars.	12	entités
envision	verb	to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good	The company's web optimisation project envisions a website that is far better than any of its competitors' sites and is at the top of relevant search engine listings.	12	imaginer, prévoir
guarantor	noun	a person or organisation that promises to pay back a loan if the person or organisation that originally borrowed the money does not	Some providers lend young people more if their parents agree to be guarantor for the loan.	12	garant
household-based entrepreneurs	noun plural	people who make money by starting their own business in their home	Household-based entrepreneurs are dependent on a reliable internet connection.	12	entrepreneurs à domicile
incentive	noun	something, especially money, that encourages a person or organisation to do something	Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology.	12	prime
incentivise	verb	to make someone want to do something	We need to incentivise our sales managers to achieve these targets.	12	inciter
payee	noun	a person that money or a cheque is paid to or should be paid to	They filled in the amount on the cheque, but left the payee's name blank.	12	bénéficiaire
payment	noun	an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid	The company went bankrupt because it couldn't afford the monthly payments on the loan once interest rates rose.	12	paiement
penalty	noun	an amount of money that someone is forced to pay for failing to obey a rule, law, etc.	Customers who miss a loan repayment will face a penalty interest rate.	12	pénalité
population density	noun	the number of people in a particular country, area or place when compared with the size of the place	The area has a high population density.	12	densité de population
repayment	noun	the act of paying back money that you have borrowed	Charge cards have no limit, but full repayment is to be made each month.	12	remboursement
requirement	noun	an official rule about something that it is necessary to have or to do	I am afraid the safety system fails to meet minimum requirements.	12	exigence
sustainably	adverb	in a way that it can continue at the same level for a period of time	Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan to develop the business sustainably.	12	durabilité
destitute	adjective	without money, food, a home, or possessions	During the global economic crisis many people were left destitute.	12	sans ressources, dépourvu
to guarantee	verb	to offer something valuable to someone with the agreement that they can keep it if you fail to pay a loan or do what you promise	If you need to guarantee the loan, you will lose the business if you default on payments.	12	garantir
to pay	verb	to give money to someone for a product or service	We'll need to pay a builder to take this wall down.	12	payer
to pay back	verb	to pay back money that you have borrowed	Students generally have 10 years to pay back their loans.	12	rembourser
to penalise	verb	to cause someone a disadvantage	The present tax system penalises poor people.	12	pénaliser
to repay	verb	to pay back money that you have borrowed	Students generally have 10 years to repay their loans.	12	rembourser
amount of interest	noun	the quantity of money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money, or the quantity of money that you earn from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other financial organisation	The amount of interest on a mortgage is higher than the amount of interest earned on savings.	13	montant des intérêts
bluff	verb	to deceive someone by making them think either that you are going to do something when you really have no intention of doing it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that you are someone else	She bluffed the doorman into thinking that she was a reporter.	13	bluffer
box-ticking exercise	noun	something that you do because you have to comply with a list of requirements, rather than because you have a genuine commitment or interest in doing it	For some employees, safety checks are just a box ticking exercise.	13	pure formalité
compelled	adjective	having to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is necessary	He felt compelled to report the incident.	13	obligé
conscious of	adjective	noticing that a particular thing or person exists or is present	He gradually became conscious of the fact that everyone else was wearing a suit.	13	conscient de
deception	noun	dishonest or illegal methods that are used to get something, or to make people believe that something is true when it is not	The couple were accused of obtaining money by deception.	13	tromperie
focus on the impact	phrase	to give a lot of attention to the powerful effect that something has on someone or something	The new corporate social responsibility policy will focus on the impact the organisation has on the environment.	13	se concentrer sur l'impact
generated	past participle	produced or created something such as a profits, sales, or jobs	The current recovery has so far generated far fewer high-paying jobs than the last boom.	13	généré
impact on	noun	a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on someone or something	Social networks are making a huge impact on sales, with fans recommending brands to hundreds of their friends.	13	impact sur
incorporated within the strategy	phrase	included within the way in which a business, government, or other organisation carefully plans its actions over a period of time to improve its position and achieve what it wants	Overseas diversification is incorporated within the strategy.	13	incorporé à la stratégie
integrated into the company	phrase	combined into the company	The other organisation's IT systems will be fully integrated into the company as soon as practical following the acquisition.	13	intégré à la société
look at	phrasal verb	to think about something carefully so that you can make a decision about it	Management is looking at ways of cutting costs.	13	considérer
mindful of	adjective	careful not to forget about	Mindful of the poor road conditions, she reduced her speed to 30 mph.	13	attentif à
primary purpose	noun	the reason for doing something or the reason that something exists which is more important than anything else	My primary purpose for going to the conference was to advertise our services.	13	but principal
procurement policies	noun plural	policies regarding the process by which an organisation buys the products or services it needs from other organisations	Different departments have different procurement policies.	13	politique des achats
stakeholders	noun plural	employees, investors, customers, etc. who are involved in or buy from a business and have an interest in its success	Corporate executives need to think about the whole business and how it creates value for customers and stakeholders.	13	parties prenantes
transparent in	adjective	people and companies which are transparent in something do it in an open way without secrets, so that people can trust that they are fair and honest	We need to look at how transparent the company is in disclosing information.	13	transparent en matière de
vast	adjective	extremely big	A vast audience watched the broadcast.	13	vaste
well-being	noun	the state of feeling healthy and happy	People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.	13	bien-être
work–life balance	noun	the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you enjoy	Men have low expectations of securing a better work-life balance.	13	équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée
conduct	verb	to do something, or make something happen	We seek to conduct business in an ethical manner.	14	conduire
consult	verb	to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special knowledge on a particular subject	Because investors' state and local taxes may be different than the federal taxes described above, investors should consult their own tax advisors.	14	consulter
develop	verb	to invent something or bring something such as a product or service into existence	The software was developed by a marine science consulting firm.	14	développer
deviate	verb	to do something which is different from what is planned	They deviated from the original plan.	14	dévier
ensure	verb	to make something certain to happen	The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.	14	s'assurer de
evaluate	verb	to judge the quality, importance, amount, or value of someone or something	Employees will be evaluated on their performance, attendance, and team skills.	14	évaluer
implement	verb	to put a plan into action	The corporation has implemented a new compensation plan for its sales force.	14	exécuter
monitor	verb	to watch a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it	The government had agreed to allow the inspectors to monitor the refuelling process.	14	contrôler
specify	verb	to state or describe something clearly and exactly	He said we should meet but didn't specify a time.	14	spécifier