word or phrase |
part of speech |
definition |
example sentence |
unit |
Italian |
acted illegally |
phrase |
did something in a way not allowed by law |
The company acted illegally by forcing an employee into early retirement. |
1 |
agito in modo illegale |
business environment |
noun |
the conditions that organisations operate in and the way that they influence how the organisations operate |
In a fast-paced, changing business environment, making sure employees have the right guidance can be critical. |
1 |
ambiente commerciale |
heavily regulated |
phrase |
controlled by rules or laws to a great degree |
Healthcare and banking are heavily regulated. |
1 |
ambiente iper-regolamentato |
impressive and symbolic order |
noun |
a special and important request from a customer for goods or services |
The company received an impressive and symbolic order from the royal family. |
1 |
ordine imponente e simbolico, ordine di grandi dimensioni e simbolico |
increasingly globalised |
phrase |
operating internationally more and more |
The food chain is becoming increasingly globalised. |
1 |
sempre più globalizzato |
invested heavily |
phrase |
put a lot of money, effort, time, etc. into something in order to improve it or get an advantage |
The government has invested heavily in higher education. |
1 |
effettuato ingenti investimenti |
largely monopolised |
phrase |
mainly controlled or dominated |
Different sports, like different industries, are largely monopolised by a small group of teams or companies. |
1 |
in gran parte monopolizzato |
legal and technical monopoly |
noun |
a situation in which a government gives the right to provide particular goods or services to one company, and in which the company is the only one with the knowledge, machines or methods to provide the goods or services |
The company has a legal and technical monopoly on production of the drug. |
1 |
monopolio tecnico-legale |
monopoly |
noun |
a situation in which one company or person or a government has no competition in the sale of a particular product or service and is able to control its supply and price |
He argues that farm subsidies help keep agricultural land away from corporate monopolies. |
1 |
monopolio |
natural monopoly |
noun |
a situation in which one company is able to supply the whole market for a product or service more cheaply than two or more companies could |
Technology has moved on, turning what was once a natural monopoly into a potentially competitive market. |
1 |
monopolio naturale |
oligopoly |
noun |
a situation in which only a small number of companies are involved in producing a particular type of goods or in providing a particular type of service. The group of companies itself is also referred to as an oligopoly. |
Some say that Swedish banking is an oligopoly: the big four banks control 89% of total banking assets. |
1 |
oligopolio |
perfect competition |
noun |
a situation where the sellers of a product or service are free to compete fairly, and sellers and buyers have complete information |
It may be impossible to create markets where there is perfect competition. |
1 |
concorrenza perfetta |
political and economic agenda |
noun |
the political and economic things that a person or organisation considers to be important and wants to solve or achieve, or their reasons for wanting to do those things |
Political and economic agendas change with the times, as every CEO knows. |
1 |
agenda politico-economica, obiettivi politico-economici |
sustainable and profitable growth |
noun |
an increase in the ability of an economy or business to produce goods and services which results in a profit or an advantage and is able to continue at the same level for a period of time |
Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan for sustainable and economic growth. |
1 |
crescita sostenibile e redditizia |
conversely |
adverb |
in an opposite way |
Introducing flexitime can motivate employees to work harder, or, conversely, lead to a decrease in productivity. |
2 |
invece, per contro |
genetically modified |
adjective |
describes a plant or animal that has had some of its genes changed scientifically |
Genetically modified foods have to pass a rigorous safety assessment. |
2 |
geneticamente modificato |
massive |
adjective |
very large in size or amount |
The company needs to raise cash to pay down its massive $1.2 billion debt. |
2 |
enorme |
organic |
adjective |
relating to growing food or other products without using artificial chemicals |
Are these carrots organic? |
2 |
biologico |
purchase |
verb |
to buy something |
Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance. |
2 |
acquistare |
reconsidering |
present participle |
thinking about changing a decision or a plan |
The organisation is reconsidering its position in the light of new developments. |
2 |
riconsiderando, riesaminando |
shape |
verb |
to decide or influence the form of something, especially a belief or idea, or someone's character |
He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy. |
2 |
modellare |
shortages |
noun plural |
situations in which there is less of something than people want or need |
The country could face power shortages as early as next year due to growing demand. |
2 |
carenze, scarsità |
consumer electronics |
noun |
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electronic products that are bought by people for their own use |
The economic outlook is good for most manufacturers of consumer electronics. |
2 |
elettronica di consumo |
food and drink |
noun |
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on food and drink |
We hope the government listens to the concerns of the food and drink industry and drops its plans to make food labelling legislation more complex. |
2 |
generi alimentari, cibi e bevande |
health and beauty |
noun |
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on health and beauty products and services, such as cosmetics, hair care products, medicines etc. |
The health and beauty industry has been badly affected by the recession. |
2 |
prodotti sanitari e cosmetici |
home care |
noun |
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on products for house and garden cleaning and maintenance |
The growth in the popularity of air fresheners has helped increase home care industry sales. |
2 |
cura della casa |
home electrical |
noun |
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electrical products in the home such as laptops, TVs, mobiles and PCs. |
One of the big supermarkets has moved into home electrical goods. |
2 |
elettrodomestici |
supermarket retail |
noun |
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on selling to consumers through supermarkets |
The supermarket retail industry in the EU is dominated by a small number of supermarket chains. |
2 |
vendita al dettaglio tramite supermercati |
Socio-cultural |
adjective |
one of the STEEP factors, relating to forces within society such as family, friends, colleagues, neighbours and the media |
Socio-cultural forces affect our attitudes, interests and opinions. |
2 |
socio-culturale |
Technological |
adjective |
one of the STEEP factors, relating to modern technology and its influence on business, industry, etc. |
Technological advances have greatly changed the manner in which businesses operate. |
2 |
tecnologico |
Economic |
adjective |
one of the STEEP factors, relating to trade, industry, and money |
All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors. |
2 |
economico |
Environmental |
adjective |
one of the STEEP factors, relating to the environment |
Environmental factors include increased pollution levels and deforestation. |
2 |
ambientale |
Political |
adjective |
one of the STEEP factors, relating to politics |
Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for organisations. |
2 |
politico |
annual base salary |
noun |
the amount of money that someone earns every year in their job, not including any extra payments they may receive |
She earns an annual base salary of €45,000. |
3 |
stipendio base annuo |
comparison companies |
noun plural |
companies that are trying to compete with others in a particular market |
She was looking for a new job in the same industry, and looked at the job vacancies at comparison companies. |
3 |
aziende concorrenti, aziende di confronto |
compensation programme |
noun |
the system of payment and benefits that an employee receives for doing their job |
In addition to the base salary, Our compensation programme includes incentives in the form of stock options and shares. |
3 |
piano retributivo |
customer retention rates |
noun plural |
the percentage of customers kept for a defined period of time |
The firm's customer retention rate has remained steady at 82%. |
3 |
tassi di ritenzione dei clienti |
difficult to incentivise |
phrase |
not easy to make someone want to do something |
The company found it difficult to incentivise employees to work longer hours. |
3 |
difficile incentivare |
equity-based awards |
noun plural |
an amount of money paid by a company to an employee as an increase in income or as a special payment for success, which is connected to the value of shares in the company |
Equity-based awards have been ruled out in the new compensation package. |
3 |
compensi mediante assegnazione di azioni |
financial incentive |
noun |
money that encourages a person or organisation to do something |
Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology. |
3 |
incentivo finanziario |
incentive bonus |
noun |
an amount of money given to an employee in addition to their salary that encourages the employee to do something |
Bank bosses are still being paid huge incentive bonuses. |
3 |
premio di incentivazione, premio di incentivo |
incentivise investment in |
phrase |
to make someone want to put money into something |
The government needs to incentivise investment in the broadband communication infrastructure in rural areas. |
3 |
incentivare gli investimenti in |
income |
noun |
money earned by a person, company, government, etc. over particular period of time |
To qualify, you must have an income of $24,000 or less. |
3 |
reddito |
increased shareholder value |
noun |
better returns for shareholders or maximisation of share value |
The company has been successful in driving increased shareholder value. |
3 |
maggiore valore per gli azionisti |
new product revenue |
noun |
the money received from new products or services |
New product revenue is much less than from print advertising. |
3 |
utili generati dai nuovi prodotti |
operating cash flow |
noun |
cash generated from operating activities |
The incentive payout is partly based on operating cash flow. |
3 |
flusso di cassa operativo |
operating profit |
noun |
a company's profit from its normal business activities, not including any earned from investments or sales of assets, calculated by taking operating expenses away from gross income |
Last year, they made an operating profit of $17m on revenues of $1.54 billion. |
3 |
utile di gestione, reddito d'esercizio |
pay |
verb |
to give money to someone for work that they have done |
He hates his job, but at least it pays well. |
3 |
pagare, remunerare |
pay |
noun |
the money you receive for doing a job |
There has been a long-running dispute over pay and working conditions. |
3 |
retribuzione, remunerazione, paga |
pay cut |
noun |
a reduction in the money you receive for doing a job |
Employees have a choice between taking a pay cut or working more. |
3 |
taglio/riduzione di stipendio |
payment |
noun |
an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid |
For the fiscal year ended February 28 2010, payments from Class A Shares amounted to $1,470. |
3 |
pagamento |
performance-related pay |
noun |
pay that is based on how well someone does their job |
The unions are against performance-related pay for teachers. |
3 |
retribuzione correlata alle prestazioni, retribuzione proporzionata alle prestazioni |
remuneration |
noun |
payment for work that has been done or services that have been provided |
The deal took his total remuneration last year to £2.4m. |
3 |
remunerazione |
reward |
verb |
to give a person, company, or organisation money or other advantages because they have been successful |
The Industrial Exporter of the Year award will reward a company that has expanded outside the domestic market. |
3 |
remunerare, retribuire |
reward |
noun |
money that someone earns for doing a job, especially when this is a very large amount |
The link between corporate performance and the big rewards reaped by directors should be more transparent. |
3 |
remunerazione, retribuzione |
salary |
noun |
the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to do their job, or one of the payments they receive each month as part of this |
Her annual salary exceeds €100,000. |
3 |
stipendio, salario |
short-term cash incentives |
noun plural |
amounts of money paid over short periods of time that encourage a person to do something |
Short-term cash incentives were given to employees in order to improve performance. |
3 |
incentivi in contanti a breve termine |
stretch goals / stretch targets |
noun plural |
high and difficult levels of success that an employee must achieve if they are to be considered to be doing their job in a satisfactory way |
Stretch targets should provide the benchmark under which a person's performance is deemed to be "poor". |
3 |
target/obiettivi ambiziosi |
wage |
noun |
an amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee for their work |
This deal represents an hourly wage rate of $9.83. |
3 |
salario, stipendio, retribuzione |
convergence |
noun |
the movement of ideas and opinions to the same point (they become similar) |
The convergence of ideas plays an important part in the creative process. |
4 |
convergenza |
creativity |
noun |
the production or use of original and unusual ideas |
The organisation celebrates and rewards creativity in its staff. |
4 |
creatività |
divergence |
noun |
a situation in which two things become different, or the difference between them increases |
The figures reveal a marked divergence between public sector pay settlements and those in the private sector. |
4 |
divergenza |
imagination |
noun |
the ability to think of new ideas |
It's a job that needs someone with a bit of imagination. |
4 |
fantasia, immaginazione |
implementation |
noun |
the act of putting a plan into action or of starting to use something |
A vibrant and efficient service sector is important for the implementation of its policies. |
4 |
attuazione |
innovation |
noun |
the use or development of new products, designs, or ideas |
He says universities should work with the private sector to foster innovation and entrepreneurship. |
4 |
innovazione |
interaction |
noun |
a situation where two or more people or things communicate with each other or react to each another |
There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. |
4 |
interazione |
invention |
noun |
a product or a way of doing something which has never been made or never existed before |
Turning an invention from an idea into a money-making product is a long job. |
4 |
invenzione |
atmosphere at work |
noun |
the character, feeling or mood of a workplace |
There's a very relaxed atmosphere at work. |
5 |
atmosfera al lavoro/sul posto di lavoro |
budgets |
noun plural |
the amounts of money you are allowed to spend for particular purposes |
Corporate planners are busy drawing up budgets for the next fiscal year. |
5 |
budget, bilanci |
departments |
noun plural |
parts of a large organisation, such as a company or university, that deal with a particular area of work, business, study, etc. |
He was previously a director in the human resources department. |
5 |
reparti |
dress code |
noun |
an accepted way of dressing for a particular occasion or in a particular situation |
When she got a new job she had to get used to the company's dress code. |
5 |
abbigliamento richiesto/dress code |
expense accounts |
noun plural |
arrangements in which your employer pays for the things you need to buy while doing your job |
I can put this lunch on my expense account. |
5 |
conti spese |
norms |
noun plural |
accepted standards, or ways of behaving or doing things that most people agree with |
These standards generally exceed the accepted industry norms. |
5 |
norme, prassi |
organisational structures |
noun plural |
ways in which a large company or organisation is organised, for example, the types of relationships that exist between managers and employees |
Different organisational structures suit different kinds of organisation. |
5 |
strutture organizzative |
personality |
noun |
the type of person you are, which is shown by the way you behave, feel, and think |
He has a dynamic personality, makes excellent decisions, and is a true leader. |
5 |
personalità |
procedures |
noun plural |
sets of actions which are the usual or official way of doing something |
The company has introduced new procedures for dealing with customer complaints. |
5 |
procedure |
reward systems |
noun plural |
systems used by companies where employees who achieve particular results are paid more or get other advantages |
Salespeople often benefit from generous reward systems. |
5 |
sistemi di remunerazione |
role culture |
noun |
a kind or organisational culture which can be pictured as a Greek temple, where the columns represent the departments and the roof above represents senior management. This culture is suited to stable environments or environments where the organisation has a lot of market power. |
An organisation with a role culture is generally believed to be very stable but poor at implementing change. |
5 |
cultura dei ruoli |
rules |
noun plural |
accepted principles or instructions that state the way things are or should be done, and tell you what you are allowed or are not allowed to do |
Such misleading advertising is against the rules. |
5 |
regole |
task culture |
noun |
a kind or organisational culture which is job- or project-orientated. It is a team culture, characterised by high levels of cooperation and fast-decision-making. |
Task culture is very adaptable and focuses on achieving results above all else. |
5 |
cultura dei compiti |
values |
noun plural |
the beliefs that people have about what is right, wrong, and most important in life, business, etc. which control their behaviour |
He believed that culture and values helped hold the company together. |
5 |
valori |
competence |
noun |
the ability in a given field or the ability to do something well |
The ideal candidate will have both a design sensibility and competence in the relevant software packages. |
6 |
competenza |
dignity |
noun |
calm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you |
He is a man of dignity and calm determination. |
6 |
dignità |
face |
noun |
the positive self-image that we have or the respect and honour of others |
He thinks he would lose face if he admitted the mistake. |
6 |
faccia |
identity |
noun |
the distinct personality of an individual |
There are many different aspects of our identity. |
6 |
identità |
rapport |
noun |
a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them |
We'd worked together for years and developed a close rapport. |
6 |
rapporto |
social inclusion |
noun |
the access we have to social networks or feel part of the rest of society |
People have concerns over social inclusion. |
6 |
inclusione sociale |
sociality rights |
noun plural |
what members of society expect they are entitled to |
Sociality rights are concerned with personal and social entitlements. |
6 |
diritti di socialità |
at the coalface |
phrase |
doing the work involved in a job, in real working conditions, rather than planning or talking about it |
Those at the coalface of the business may occasionally lose patience with management theories and abstractions. |
7 |
sul campo, affrontando i veri problemi pratici |
crave the limelight |
phrase |
seek public attention and interest |
She craves the limelight and wants the business to get lots of media attention. |
7 |
voler essere al centro dell'attenzione |
gut-wrenching |
adjective |
making you feel very uncomfortable |
Senior executives found it gutwrenching to talk about layoffs. |
7 |
penoso, angosciante, devastante |
peter out |
phrasal verb |
to gradually stop or disappear |
The fighting which started in the night had petered out by morning. |
7 |
estinguersi, perdere forza |
run into trouble |
phrase |
to begin to experience difficulties |
We will run into trouble if we do not change our procedures. |
7 |
finire nei guai, correre un pericolo |
tackle the thorny issues |
phrase |
to try to deal with the problems or subjects which are difficult to deal with |
There are many ways to tackle the thorny issue of taxation. |
7 |
affrontare gli aspetti spinosi |
take root |
idiom |
If an idea, belief or system takes root somewhere, it starts to be accepted there |
Communism has never really taken root in England. |
7 |
mettere radici |
windows of opportunity |
noun plural |
short periods in between other activities when there is a chance to do something |
I have some windows of opportunity next week, so we could meet then. |
7 |
finestre di opportunità |
brief overview |
noun |
a short description of something which provides general information about it, but no details |
This chart provides a brief overview of sales for the past six months. |
8 |
breve panoramica/quadro |
cut costs |
phrase |
to reduce the money that a company or organisation has to spend regularly |
With regard to advertising, we have to cut costs from £12,000 to £8,000 per month. |
8 |
tagliare i costi |
encourage teamwork |
phrase |
to make people more likely to work together as a team |
Senior management wants to encourage teamwork at all levels of the organisation. |
8 |
incoraggiare il lavoro di gruppo |
engaging the stakeholders |
phrase |
interesting the people who are involved in or buy from a business or have an interest in its success in something, and keeping them thinking about it |
The board is interested in engaging the stakeholders in this issue. |
8 |
coinvolgere le parti interessate/gli stakeholder/gli attori principali |
gather information |
phrase |
to collect facts or details about a person, company, product etc., often from different places or people |
I went to several libraries to gather information about the scheme. |
8 |
raccogliere dati/informazioni |
increase confidence |
phrase |
to have more trust that things will work well or behave as you expect, or become more certain of your own ability to do things well |
As you progress through the project you will increase confidence in what you are doing. |
8 |
accrescere la fiducia |
initial |
adjective |
happening at the beginning |
Economists had expected GDP growth to be revised upwards from last month's initial estimate of 0.6%. |
8 |
iniziale |
pilot (the solution) |
verb |
to test (a solution) over a short period to see whether it is worth developing and investing in |
The solution is being piloted by a few councils with a view to extending it nationwide. |
8 |
mettere alla prova (la soluzione) |
put (a plan) into practice |
phrase |
to make (a plan) an action as opposed to thoughts or ideas |
We are beginning to put the new processes and systems into practice. |
8 |
mettere in pratica/attuare (un piano) |
requirements |
noun plural |
what is wanted or needed by someone |
I've been asked to estimate our budget requirements for next year. |
8 |
requisiti |
screen out unwanted projects |
phrase |
to not accept projects that do no fit certain criteria |
The procedures are designed to screen out unwanted projects containing high levels of risk. |
8 |
scartare/eliminare progetti indesiderati |
slash delivery times |
phrase |
to suddenly reduce by a large amount the amount of time that it takes for goods that have been bought to arrive at the place where they are wanted |
The retail giant is slashing delivery times to win customers. |
8 |
ridurre drasticamente i tempi di consegna |
undertake (a feasibility study) |
verb |
to do or begin to do (an investigation carried out by a company or other organisation that examines whether a planned business activity or project is likely to be successful) |
He needs to undertake a proper feasibility study. |
8 |
intraprendere (uno studio di fattibilità) |
4Cs |
noun plural |
four subjects to consider when selling a product or service, which are more consumer-oriented than the 4Ps: convenience for the customer, customer wants and needs, cost to the customer, communication with the customer |
The company is more influenced by the 4Cs than the 4Ps. |
9 |
4C - consumatore, costo, comunicazione, convenienza |
4Ps |
noun plural |
the four main subjects to consider when selling a product or service: product (= what to sell), price, place (= where to sell it), and promotion (=advertising, etc.) |
The tools we use to build competitive advantage are issues relating to applying the 4Ps in a profitable way. |
9 |
4P - prodotto, prezzo, punto vendita, promozione |
bricks and clicks operator |
noun |
a business that operates in a building and over the Internet |
The supermarket chain is a bricks and clicks operator, allowing customers to shop in store or online. |
9 |
operatore bricks & clicks, operatore tradizionale e online |
bricks retailer |
noun |
a traditional retailer that operates in a building or buildings, when compared to one that operates over the Internet |
Online retailers try to lure customers away from bricks retailers. |
9 |
rivenditore tradizionale |
communication with the customer |
phrase |
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, involving two-way communication between the customer and the supplier, in contrast to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, promotion, which suggests one-way communication. |
Communication with the customer is not just advertising. |
9 |
comunicazione con il cliente |
convenience to the customer |
phrase |
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which recognises customers' choices for buying in ways convenient to them, compared to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, place. |
Convenience for the customer also includes key aspects of website design such as navigation. |
9 |
convenienza per il cliente |
cost to the customer |
phrase |
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, price) represents the real cost to the customer, for example their own transport costs in addition to the price that companies charge for the product. |
For ‘clicks’ e-retail, there are also the costs of carriage to be added to the quoted prices. |
9 |
costo per il cliente |
customer relationship marketing |
noun |
gathering detailed information about customers in order to offer personalised products or services |
Smart card loyalty schemes are an example of customer relationship marketing. |
9 |
marketing relazionale, CRM (Customer Relationship Marketing) |
customer wants and needs |
noun plural |
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, meaning the combination of services and satisfaction that customers want, focussing (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, product) more on the solution to the customer's problem than on the product that the customer wants to sell. |
Customer wants and needs are not just about the products themselves but rather about good feelings or solutions to problems. |
9 |
esigenze e necessità dei clienti |
customer’s perspective |
noun |
the customer's way of considering something |
The framework is designed to help companies view marketing from the customer's perspective. |
9 |
punto di vista del cliente |
database marketing |
noun |
a technique enabling companies to analyse such things as online customer feedback and enquiries to help them understand their customers better |
Database marketing uses powerful software to analyse information from customers. |
9 |
database marketing |
dot.com |
adjective |
relating to companies that do most of their business on the Internet |
Shareholders are unlikely to see the £15 per share high reached at the height of the dot.com boom. |
9 |
dot.com |
dot.com |
noun |
a company that does most of its business on the Internet |
Starting a successful dot.com has more to do with business skills than technical expertise. |
9 |
dot.com, online, operante in rete |
e-retail shop |
noun |
an online store |
Their e-retail shop sells mostly books and DVDs. |
9 |
negozio online |
e-tailer |
noun |
a business that uses the Internet to sell its products |
You can buy a wide variety of consumer electronics from an e-tailer. |
9 |
dettagliante online, e-tailer |
marketing mix |
noun |
the combination of actions a company uses when selling a product or service. These are often described as the four Ps (= product, price, place, and promotion) . |
Their plan involves choosing target customers and designing a persuasive marketing mix to get them to buy. |
9 |
marketing mix |
multi-channel retailer |
noun |
a business which makes products and services available to customers in different ways, for example on the Internet and in store. |
A multi-channel approach can allow customers to buy a product on the Internet but go to a store if they need a refund. |
9 |
rivenditore multicanale |
physical store |
noun |
a real store, rather than one which exists on the Internet |
Even customers who shop online may prefer to go to a physical store for a refund or exchange. |
9 |
negozio/punto vendita fisico |
producer’s perspective |
noun |
the manufacturer's way of considering something |
The producer's perspective of product availability often differs from the customer's perspective. |
9 |
punto di vista del produttore |
pure play |
noun |
a company that operates only over the Internet, and has no physical stores |
BlueBags started out as a pure play, only available online. |
9 |
pure play, società le cui attività si svolgono al 100% su Internet |
retail outlet |
noun |
a store that sells goods to the public |
Their albums are available only online, not at any retail outlets. |
9 |
punto vendita |
search engine optimisation |
noun |
making a website easy to find via search engines |
It is just as important to think about search engine optimisation as it is to make a website attractive and easy to navigate. |
9 |
ottimizzazione del motore di ricerca |
social media marketing |
noun |
methods for advertising products, services, or brands using the Internet, by attracting the interest of groups of people who discuss them, make suggestions about them, etc. online |
Social media marketing is part of a two-way process with customers. |
9 |
Social Media Marketing |
target consumers |
noun plural |
the people that a company wants to sell its products or services to |
We need the right product to satisfy the needs of target consumers. |
9 |
consumatori target |
virtual store |
noun |
a store that exists on the Internet, rather than a real one |
A virtual store needs to be quick and easy to navigate. |
9 |
negozio virtuale |
web optimisation |
noun |
making a website which is well designed, for example one which is fast, easy and pleasant to use, and which is easy to find via search engines |
Website optimisation will help a company's website attract more paying customers. |
9 |
ottimizzazione di un sito web |
asset |
noun |
something that is owned by a company or organisation, such as money, property, land or a brand. |
The company reported total assets worth $1.9 million. |
10 |
attivo, attività, bene |
attributed to |
phrasal verb |
given to |
The value attributed to a particular product can vary enormously from country to country or according to the time of year. |
10 |
attribuito a |
beyond |
preposition |
outside or further than (something) |
Copywriters and branding experts will move further beyond benefits to highlight hidden benefits. |
10 |
al di là di, oltre |
boost |
verb |
to increase or improve something |
The industry has exceeded all expectations for boosting profits and dividends. |
10 |
incrementare, promuovere |
brand awareness |
noun |
the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a particular brand |
The objective is to develop positive attitudes and build brand awareness among car owners in order to induce them to purchase. |
10 |
consapevolezza del marchio |
brand equity |
noun |
the value of a particular brand for the company that makes it |
Brand equity is presumed to be a leading indicator of a business's future success. |
10 |
brand equity, valore del marchio, patrimonio di marca |
brand extension |
noun |
the process of using an existing brand name to introduce new products or services |
One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extension into other areas. |
10 |
brand extension, estensione del marchio |
brand image |
noun |
a set of features and ideas that customers connect in their minds with a particular product or brand |
He attributes their success to the shops looking right, a strong brand image, and sensational advertising. |
10 |
brand image, immagine del marchio |
brand positioning |
noun |
a company's decision about how a product is marketed in relation to its other products, and to competitors' products |
Everything from brand positioning to price, supply chain, advertising, capital spending, and quality is being reviewed. |
10 |
brand positioning, posizionamento del marchio |
brand repositioning |
noun |
the process of changing the way that people think about a brand |
We are beginning to feel the benefits of the brand repositioning we have done. |
10 |
brand repositioning, riqualificazione del marchio |
extensions |
noun plural |
uses of an existing brand name to introduce new products or services |
One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extensions into car hire and coach services. |
10 |
estensioni |
gross revenues |
noun plural |
money generated by all of a company's operations, before deductions for expenses |
Brand repositioning enabled the company to increase its gross revenues. |
10 |
ricavi lordi, reddito lordo |
licensed brand |
noun |
a brand that is leased to a manufacturer, who then makes the product under that name |
Consumers may not be aware that they are purchasing a licensed brand. |
10 |
marchio concesso in licenza |
luxury brand |
noun |
an expensive brand which is not necessary but bought for pleasure |
Many rich and famous women like to be seen carrying a luxury brand handbag. |
10 |
marchio di lusso |
manufacturer’s brand |
noun |
the name of a manufacturer on a product, used to advertise and sell the product |
It is estimated that 85% of all sporting goods are sold under a manufacturer's brand. |
10 |
marchio del fabbricante |
own brand |
noun |
a product that has the name of the store where you buy it, rather than a name used by the company that made it |
Supermarket own brands are almost invariably cheaper than branded goods. |
10 |
marchio proprio |
perceptions |
noun plural |
ways that people think and feel about a company, product, service, etc. |
Although our handling of complaints has improved greatly, it continues to be a significant problem in terms of public perception. |
10 |
percezioni |
transmit |
verb |
to communicate information, knowledge, beliefs, values, ideas etc. to others |
Training appears to be an effective way to transmit information about diversity and its importance. |
10 |
trasmettere |
affordable |
adjective |
not expensive |
They are meeting consumer demand for affordable footwear. |
10 |
a prezzo abbordabile/accessibile |
iconic |
adjective |
very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time |
Coca-Cola is an iconic brand. |
10 |
iconico |
inspirational |
adjective |
making you feel hopeful or encouraged |
The holiday provides tourists with an inspirational combination of mountain views and historic monuments. |
10 |
ricco di ispirazione, stimolante |
physical |
adjective |
relating to things you can see or touch |
Physical comfort is the most important consideration when choosing footwear. |
10 |
fisico |
relaxed |
adjective |
comfortable and informal |
It's a very friendly bar with a nice relaxed style. |
10 |
rilassato |
to be inspired by |
phrase |
to get an idea from |
The sandals were inspired by an ancient Japanese design. |
10 |
essere ispirato da, |
uncomplicated |
adjective |
simple, not difficult to understand |
In response to customer demand, the new website has an uncomplicated style. |
10 |
semplice, lineare |
unmistakable features |
noun plural |
clearly recognised characteristics of a product |
Apple computers have a number of unmistakable features. |
10 |
funzionalità/caratteristiche inconfondibili |
versatile |
adjective |
able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes |
They were looking for versatile footwear and found a new kind of sheepskin boot. |
10 |
versatile |
vibrant |
adjective |
full of energy and excitement |
Their products always use vibrant colours. |
10 |
vivace |
catering |
noun |
the activity of providing food and drink |
The passenger meals are prepared by airline catering services. |
11 |
ristorazione, catering |
central costs |
noun plural |
costs for corporate and regional functions |
Head office costs are an example of central costs. |
11 |
costi della sede centrale |
depreciation |
noun |
a loss of value, especially over time |
After three years, this car is projected to be worth 57% of its price when new - one of the lowest rates of depreciation of any car in any class. |
11 |
ammortamento, deprezzamento |
direct costs |
noun plural |
costs that can be identified with a particular project or activity |
Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated. |
11 |
costi diretti |
fixed costs |
noun plural |
costs such as wages, rent, and interest that do not change in relation to how much a business produces |
When you take 2,000 people out of your business you will inevitably reduce the fixed costs. |
11 |
costi fissi |
indirect costs |
noun plural |
costs that are not directly accountable to a particular project or activity |
Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated. |
11 |
costi indiretti |
insurance |
noun |
money that is paid to an insurance company |
They ask for 8% extra from customers who pay insurance by direct debit instead of as a lump sum. |
11 |
assicurazione |
interest |
noun |
money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money |
Interest rates influence business borrowing. |
11 |
interesse |
maintenance |
noun |
the activity of keeping a building, vehicle, road, etc. in good condition by checking it regularly and repairing it when necessary |
Components necessary for the maintenance of our aeroplanes often have to be ordered from abroad. |
11 |
manutenzione |
navigation |
noun |
the act of directing a ship, aircraft, etc. from one place to another |
In Europe, air navigation charges are collected from airlines by an organisation called Eurocontrol. |
11 |
navigazione |
overheads |
noun |
the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a business |
The combined company aims to reduce annual overheads by as much as £2 billion. |
11 |
spese generali |
variable costs |
noun plural |
costs that change according to how much of a product is being produced or used |
Common variable costs include raw materials, shipping and depletion. |
11 |
costi variabili |
capitalise on |
phrasal verb |
to use a situation to your own advantage |
She capitalised on her knowledge and experience to get a new and better paid job. |
12 |
capitalizzare su |
collateral |
noun |
property that someone borrowing money will give to the loan company, if he or she cannot pay the debt |
Debt counsellors are concerned by the trend towards using houses as collateral against debt. |
12 |
garanzia, collaterale |
entities |
noun plural |
organisations or businesses that have their own separate legal and financial existence |
Nearly 90 entities, mainly private companies, mint gold in bars. |
12 |
entità |
envision |
verb |
to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good |
The company's web optimisation project envisions a website that is far better than any of its competitors' sites and is at the top of relevant search engine listings. |
12 |
prevedere |
guarantor |
noun |
a person or organisation that promises to pay back a loan if the person or organisation that originally borrowed the money does not |
Some providers lend young people more if their parents agree to be guarantor for the loan. |
12 |
garante, fideiussore |
household-based entrepreneurs |
noun plural |
people who make money by starting their own business in their home |
Household-based entrepreneurs are dependent on a reliable internet connection. |
12 |
teleimprenditori |
incentive |
noun |
something, especially money, that encourages a person or organisation to do something |
Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology. |
12 |
incentivo |
incentivise |
verb |
to make someone want to do something |
We need to incentivise our sales managers to achieve these targets. |
12 |
incentivare |
payee |
noun |
a person that money or a cheque is paid to or should be paid to |
They filled in the amount on the cheque, but left the payee's name blank. |
12 |
beneficiario |
payment |
noun |
an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid |
The company went bankrupt because it couldn't afford the monthly payments on the loan once interest rates rose. |
12 |
versamento, pagamento |
penalty |
noun |
an amount of money that someone is forced to pay for failing to obey a rule, law, etc. |
Customers who miss a loan repayment will face a penalty interest rate. |
12 |
penalità, penale |
population density |
noun |
the number of people in a particular country, area or place when compared with the size of the place |
The area has a high population density. |
12 |
densità demografica, densità di popolazione |
repayment |
noun |
the act of paying back money that you have borrowed |
Charge cards have no limit, but full repayment is to be made each month. |
12 |
rimborso |
requirement |
noun |
an official rule about something that it is necessary to have or to do |
I am afraid the safety system fails to meet minimum requirements. |
12 |
requisito |
sustainably |
adverb |
in a way that it can continue at the same level for a period of time |
Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan to develop the business sustainably. |
12 |
sostenibilità |
destitute |
adjective |
without money, food, a home, or possessions |
During the global economic crisis many people were left destitute. |
12 |
indigente, bisognoso, disagiato |
to guarantee |
verb |
to offer something valuable to someone with the agreement that they can keep it if you fail to pay a loan or do what you promise |
If you need to guarantee the loan, you will lose the business if you default on payments. |
12 |
garantire |
to pay |
verb |
to give money to someone for a product or service |
We'll need to pay a builder to take this wall down. |
12 |
pagare |
to pay back |
verb |
to pay back money that you have borrowed |
Students generally have 10 years to pay back their loans. |
12 |
rimborsare |
to penalise |
verb |
to cause someone a disadvantage |
The present tax system penalises poor people. |
12 |
penalizzare |
to repay |
verb |
to pay back money that you have borrowed |
Students generally have 10 years to repay their loans. |
12 |
rimborsare |
amount of interest |
noun |
the quantity of money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money, or the quantity of money that you earn from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other financial organisation |
The amount of interest on a mortgage is higher than the amount of interest earned on savings. |
13 |
importo degli interessi |
bluff |
verb |
to deceive someone by making them think either that you are going to do something when you really have no intention of doing it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that you are someone else |
She bluffed the doorman into thinking that she was a reporter. |
13 |
ingannare |
box-ticking exercise |
noun |
something that you do because you have to comply with a list of requirements, rather than because you have a genuine commitment or interest in doing it |
For some employees, safety checks are just a box ticking exercise. |
13 |
pura formalità |
compelled |
adjective |
having to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is necessary |
He felt compelled to report the incident. |
13 |
costretto |
conscious of |
adjective |
noticing that a particular thing or person exists or is present |
He gradually became conscious of the fact that everyone else was wearing a suit. |
13 |
conscio di, consapevole di |
deception |
noun |
dishonest or illegal methods that are used to get something, or to make people believe that something is true when it is not |
The couple were accused of obtaining money by deception. |
13 |
inganno, dolo |
focus on the impact |
phrase |
to give a lot of attention to the powerful effect that something has on someone or something |
The new corporate social responsibility policy will focus on the impact the organisation has on the environment. |
13 |
focalizzarsi sull'impatto |
generated |
past participle |
produced or created something such as a profits, sales, or jobs |
The current recovery has so far generated far fewer high-paying jobs than the last boom. |
13 |
generato |
impact on |
noun |
a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on someone or something |
Social networks are making a huge impact on sales, with fans recommending brands to hundreds of their friends. |
13 |
impatto su |
incorporated within the strategy |
phrase |
included within the way in which a business, government, or other organisation carefully plans its actions over a period of time to improve its position and achieve what it wants |
Overseas diversification is incorporated within the strategy. |
13 |
incorporato nell'ambito della strategia |
integrated into the company |
phrase |
combined into the company |
The other organisation's IT systems will be fully integrated into the company as soon as practical following the acquisition. |
13 |
integrato nell'azienda |
look at |
phrasal verb |
to think about something carefully so that you can make a decision about it |
Management is looking at ways of cutting costs. |
13 |
esaminare, considerare |
mindful of |
adjective |
careful not to forget about |
Mindful of the poor road conditions, she reduced her speed to 30 mph. |
13 |
consapevole di |
primary purpose |
noun |
the reason for doing something or the reason that something exists which is more important than anything else |
My primary purpose for going to the conference was to advertise our services. |
13 |
obiettivo principale |
procurement policies |
noun plural |
policies regarding the process by which an organisation buys the products or services it needs from other organisations |
Different departments have different procurement policies. |
13 |
politiche di approvvigionamento |
stakeholders |
noun plural |
employees, investors, customers, etc. who are involved in or buy from a business and have an interest in its success |
Corporate executives need to think about the whole business and how it creates value for customers and stakeholders. |
13 |
stakeholder, parti interessate, attori principali |
transparent in |
adjective |
people and companies which are transparent in something do it in an open way without secrets, so that people can trust that they are fair and honest |
We need to look at how transparent the company is in disclosing information. |
13 |
trasparente in |
vast |
adjective |
extremely big |
A vast audience watched the broadcast. |
13 |
vasto, enorme |
well-being |
noun |
the state of feeling healthy and happy |
People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being. |
13 |
benessere |
work–life balance |
noun |
the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you enjoy |
Men have low expectations of securing a better work-life balance. |
13 |
equilibrio tra lavoro e vita privata |
conduct |
verb |
to do something, or make something happen |
We seek to conduct business in an ethical manner. |
14 |
condurre |
consult |
verb |
to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special knowledge on a particular subject |
Because investors' state and local taxes may be different than the federal taxes described above, investors should consult their own tax advisors. |
14 |
consultare |
develop |
verb |
to invent something or bring something such as a product or service into existence |
The software was developed by a marine science consulting firm. |
14 |
sviluppare |
deviate |
verb |
to do something which is different from what is planned |
They deviated from the original plan. |
14 |
deviare |
ensure |
verb |
to make something certain to happen |
The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. |
14 |
garantire, assicurare |
evaluate |
verb |
to judge the quality, importance, amount, or value of someone or something |
Employees will be evaluated on their performance, attendance, and team skills. |
14 |
valutare, giudicare |
implement |
verb |
to put a plan into action |
The corporation has implemented a new compensation plan for its sales force. |
14 |
attuare |
monitor |
verb |
to watch a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it |
The government had agreed to allow the inspectors to monitor the refuelling process. |
14 |
monitorare |
specify |
verb |
to state or describe something clearly and exactly |
He said we should meet but didn't specify a time. |
14 |
specificare |