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Pula adresowa |
214.15.64.0 / 20 |
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20 bitów ID sieci i 12 bitów na ID hosta (adres IP = 32 bity) |
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Nazwa sieci: |
Liczba komputerów |
Liczba adresów w częsci hosta |
Max ilość hostów* |
Liczba bitów w częsci hosta |
Liczba bitów w częsci podsieci |
Maska |
Maska / |
L. P. |
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*najbliżasza wieloktorność 2^n |
Sieć 1 |
10 |
13 |
16 |
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3 |
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Liczba komputerów w sieci jest podana na początku |
Sieć 2 |
28 |
32 |
32 |
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2 |
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Liczba adresów w częsci hosta - trzeba dodać 3 adresy: adres sieci, adres broadcast, adres routera |
Sieć 3 |
58 |
61 |
64 |
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1 |
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Łącznik 1 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
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4 |
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Łącznik 2 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
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5 |
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Numerujemy sieci od największej do najmniejszej (od razu) |
Łącznik 3 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
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6 |
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Podane |
Podane + 3 |
2^n |
Patrz niżej |
Patrz w M33 |
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Wpisujemy odraz z palca |
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Komórka C30 - Długi słusznie zauważył, że są 2 routery, czyli nie 31, tylko 32 |
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Sieć 1: |
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Nazwa sieci: |
Liczba komputerów |
Liczba adresów w częsci hosta |
Max ilość hostów* |
Liczba bitów w częsci hosta |
Liczba bitów w częsci podsieci |
Maska |
Maska / |
L. P. |
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Sieć 1 |
10 |
13 |
16 |
4 |
8 |
255.255.255.240 |
/28 |
3 |
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Musi się sumować do 12 w tym przykładzie (/20) |
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28 bo 32 - 4 |
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Pula adresowa: |
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214.15.64.0 / 20 |
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Z tych 12 bitów musimy mieć miejsce na podsieć i na hosty. |
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W sieci 1 wystarcza 4 bity na host, bo mamy 16 hostow, czyli zostaje 8 bitow na podsiec |
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Maska wyglada tak: |
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sieć |
sieć |
sieć |
sieć|host |
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11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
1111|0000 |
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255 |
255 |
255 |
240 |
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Sieć 2: |
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Nazwa sieci: |
Liczba komputerów |
Liczba adresów w częsci hosta |
Max ilość hostów* |
Liczba bitów w częsci hosta |
Liczba bitów w częsci podsieci |
Maska |
Maska / |
L. P. |
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Sieć 2 |
28 |
31 |
32 |
5 |
7 |
255.255.255.224 |
/27 |
2 |
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27 bo 32 - 5 |
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Wystarczy 5 bitów na host, bo 2^5 = 32 |
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Zostaje 7 bitów na sieć |
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Maska: |
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sieć |
sieć |
sieć |
sieć|host |
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11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
111|00000 |
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255 |
255 |
255 |
224 |
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Sieć 3: |
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Nazwa sieci: |
Liczba komputerów |
Liczba adresów w częsci hosta |
Max ilość hostów* |
Liczba bitów w częsci hosta |
Liczba bitów w częsci podsieci |
Maska |
Maska / |
L. P. |
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Sieć 3 |
58 |
61 |
64 |
6 |
6 |
255.255.255.192 |
/26 |
1 |
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64 hosty, czyli 2^6 |
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6 bitów na host i 6 bitów na siec |
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Maska: |
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sieć |
sieć |
sieć |
sieć|host |
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11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11|000000 |
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255 |
255 |
255 |
192 |
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Łączniki: |
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Nazwa sieci: |
Liczba komputerów |
Liczba adresów w częsci hosta |
Max ilość hostów* |
Liczba bitów w częsci hosta |
Liczba bitów w częsci podsieci |
Maska |
Maska / |
L. P. |
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Łącznik 1 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
255.255.255.252 |
/30 |
4 |
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Łącznik 2 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
255.255.255.252 |
/30 |
5 |
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Łącznik 3 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
255.255.255.252 |
/30 |
6 |
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2^2 = 4, czyli 2 bity potrzebujemy na hosta, zostaje 10 na siec |
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Maska: |
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sieć |
sieć |
sieć |
sieć|host |
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11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
111111|00 |
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255 |
255 |
255 |
252 |
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Wypełniona tabelka: |
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Nazwa sieci: |
Liczba komputerów |
Liczba adresów w częsci hosta |
Max ilość hostów* |
Liczba bitów w częsci hosta |
Liczba bitów w częsci podsieci |
Maska |
Maska / |
L. P. |
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Sieć 1 |
10 |
13 |
16 |
4 |
8 |
255.255.255.240 |
28 |
3 |
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Sieć 2 |
28 |
31 |
32 |
5 |
7 |
255.255.255.224 |
27 |
2 |
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Sieć 3 |
58 |
61 |
64 |
6 |
6 |
255.255.255.192 |
26 |
1 |
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Łącznik 1 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
255.255.255.252 |
30 |
4 |
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Łącznik 2 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
255.255.255.252 |
30 |
5 |
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Łącznik 3 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
255.255.255.252 |
30 |
6 |
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Podział na podsieci: |
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214.15.64.0 / 20 |
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Nazwa sieci: |
Rozmiar sieci |
Adres sieci: |
Adres broadcast |
Maska / |
Zakres użytecznych adresów |
Adres routera |
L. P. |
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Sieć 3 |
64 |
214.15.64.0 |
214.15.63 |
26 |
214.15.64.1 - 214.15.64.62 |
214.15.64.62 |
1 |
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Sieć 2 |
32 |
214.15.64.64 |
214.15.95 |
27 |
214.15.64.65 - 214.15.64.94 |
214.15.64.93 i 94 |
2 |
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Sieć 1 |
16 |
214.15.64.96 |
214.15.64.111 |
28 |
214.15.64.97 - 214.15.64.110 |
214.15.64.110 |
3 |
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Łącznik 1 |
4 |
214.15.64.112 |
214.15.64.115 |
30 |
214.15.64.113 - 214.15.64.114 |
214.15.64.113 i 114 |
4 |
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Łącznik 2 |
4 |
214.15.64.116 |
214.15.64.119 |
30 |
214.15.64.117 - 214.15.64.118 |
214.15.64.117 i 118 |
5 |
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Łącznik 3 |
4 |
214.15.64.120 |
214.15.64.123 |
30 |
214.15.64.121 - 214.15.64.122 |
214.15.64.121 i 122 |
6 |
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Jak liczymy adres sieci? |
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Pierwszy to ten który dostalismy w poleceniu (C123), następny adres to: poprzedni adres + rozmiar poprzedniej sieci |
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Skąd adres broadcast? |
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Broadcast to OSTATNI adres w danej sieci |
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A adres routera to skad się bierze? |
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Broadcast - 1 (ewentualnie jak mamy 2 routery to pierwszy ma - 1 a drugi ma - 2, to sobie kbogu życzy) |
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Zakres użytecznych adresów |
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Od (adres sieci + 1) do (broadcast -1) |
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Warto zerknąć na rysunek i zobaczy w których sieciach jest wiecej niż jeden router! |
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Przenosimy na rysunek: |
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Zasady są takie, że |
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1) Każdy interface routera musi mieć adres (każdy kabelek wychodzacy z routera) |
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Router ma z kazdej strony inna siec (inny adres routera z tabelki) |
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2) Każdy host musi mieć adres (U don't say?) |
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3) Nad połączeniami (babelki) piszemy adres sieci z tabelki |
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4) kbogu sobie zyczy żeby nizszy numer numer routa miał nizszy adres (patrz łącznik 1) |
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5) Komputery podpisujemy: lewy - pierwszy adres hosta,w tabelce kolumna Zakres uzytecznych adresow) |
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prawy - patrzymy ile w tej sieci ma być komputerow w sieci (pierwsza tabelka) i dodajemy |
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Tabela routingu i adresy interface'ow dla routera R1 |
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Adresy bierzemy z rysunku, maski z tabeli |
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Interface |
Adres |
Maska |
Maska / |
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IF1 |
.110 |
.240 |
28 |
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<- Adresy interface'ow |
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IF2 |
.114 |
.252 |
30 |
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Sieć |
Brama |
Maska |
Maska / |
Interface |
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.96 |
- |
.240 |
28 |
IF1 |
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.112 |
- |
.252 |
30 |
IF2 |
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<- Tablica routingu |
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Default |
.113 |
- |
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IF2 |
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Te maski to maski sieci docelowych |
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1) Jako pierwsze wpisujemy sieci bezpośrednie, czyli .96 (Sieć 1) i .112 (Łącznik 1) - na czerwono |
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2) Scieżka Default powinna prowadzić do wiekszych sieci/internetu (bezpośrednio lub nie), tutaj w polu Brama podajemy adres NASTEPNEGO routera za pomocą którego dostaniemy się do wiekszej sieci/internetu |
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3) Sieci bezpośrednie nie maja bramy, bo nie potrzebuja jej. |
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4) Do wszystkich dalszych sieci podajemy brame |
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Z tej tabeli widać, że pakiety idące do sieci .112 router pusci na interface IF2, natomiast jak nie będzie wiedział dokąd wysłać pakiet to wyśle go do sieci .113 z nadzieją, że nastepne routery będą wiedziały co z nim zrobic |
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Tabela routingu i adresy interface'ow dla Siec 1/Host 1 |
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Pokazuje to tylko raz, nie wiem w ogołe po co kbogu to sobie życzy, ale niech ma. Wszystko bierzemy z tabeli i rysunku |
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Interface |
Adres |
Maska |
Maska / |
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IF1 |
.97 |
.240 |
28 |
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<- Adresy interface'ow |
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Sieć |
Brama |
Maska |
Maska / |
Interface |
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<- Tablica routingu |
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Default |
.110 |
- |
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IF1 |
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W tablicy routingu podajemy tylko defaulta, którym jest adres routera prowadzącego do wiekszej sieci/internetu |
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Przykładowo, dla Sieć 3/Host 1 scieżka Default to .62 |
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Tabela routingu i adresy interface'ow dla routera R22 |
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Adresy bierzemy z rysunku, maski z tabeli |
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Interface |
Adres |
Maska |
Maska / |
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IF1 |
.121 |
.252 |
30 |
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<- Adresy interface'ow |
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IF2 |
.94 |
.224 |
27 |
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Sieć |
Brama |
Maska |
Maska / |
Interface |
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.64 |
- |
.224 |
27 |
IF2 |
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.120 |
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.252 |
30 |
IF1 |
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.0 |
.122 |
.192 |
26 |
IF1 |
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<- Tablica routingu |
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Default |
.93 |
- |
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IF2 |
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Te maski to maski sieci docelowych |
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Sieci bezpośrednie na czerwono, maski z tabeli, adresy i interface'y z rysunku |
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Default na niebiesko, .93 dlatego, ze przez router R21 z adesem .93 dojdziemy do internetu |
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Żeby dostać się do sieci 0. ( ta po prawej) musimy isc przez kolejny router (R3), a do niego adres to .122 |
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Nie musimy opisywac jeszcze jak się dostac np. do sieci .96, po to jest default. |
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Tabela routingu i adresy interface'ow dla routera R0 (shit just got serious) |
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Adresy bierzemy z rysunku, maski z tabeli |
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Interface |
Adres |
Maska |
Maska / |
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IF1 |
.113 |
.252 |
30 |
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<- Adresy interface'ow |
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IF2 |
.117 |
.252 |
30 |
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IF3 |
212.18.17.1 |
.240 |
28 |
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Sieć |
Brama |
Maska |
Maska / |
Interface |
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.112 |
- |
.224 |
27 |
IF1 |
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.116 |
- |
.252 |
30 |
IF2 |
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212.18.17.0 |
- |
.240 |
28 |
IF3 |
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.96 |
.114 |
.240 |
28 |
IF1 |
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.0 |
.118 |
.192 |
26 |
IF2 |
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<- Tablica routingu |
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.120 |
.118 |
.252 |
30 |
IF2 |
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.64 |
.118 |
.224 |
27 |
IF2 |
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Default |
212.18.17.2 |
- |
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IF3 |
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Te maski to maski sieci docelowych |
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Ten router wszystko co dostanie i będzie wiedział co zrobic wysle do internetu, czy do 212.18.17.2 (bo Default), |
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Sieci bezpośrednie z rysunku (ma 3) |
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Teraz tak: |
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Do .96 idziemy przez .114 |
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Do .0 idziemy przez .118 |
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itd. |
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Wszystko z: |
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http://kbogu.man.szczecin.pl/PREZENTACJE/PDF/wyklad_7_4-Ipv4_adres_IP_i_routing.pdf |
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