THE EYE OF HORUS

http://pl.scribd.com/doc/110385959/63-IGI-Tired-the-Eye-of-Horus

There are certain secrets of Sumerian language that can't be explained with the help of Akkadian because Sumerian mathematical language was designed before the break-up of Semitic family, namely the west Semitic from the Egyptian older sister. That is the reason that certain Sumerian phonetic values make no sense in Akkadian. The most exciting of all Sumerian words is the cognate for the eye which is a compound:

Sumerian ideogram

U

šu₄

su [RED].

šu [BASKET] (^ĝeššu₄).

šu [TOTALITY].

šuš (šu₄)

šuš [COVER].

šuš [SIXTH].

u (un₂)

u [ABUSE].

u [EARTH].

u [FINGER].

u [GIFT].

u [HOLE].

u [TEN].

u [TOTALITY].

Akkadian:

Also: ha₃, hu₃, ušur₅, utah_x(U), utu_x(U), 1(u)

Sumerian ideogram

ME

ba₁₃ (ma₆)

ba [GARMENT] (^tug₂ba₁₃).

išib (isib)

išib [PRIEST].

ma₆

mea [WHERE?].

me (men₂ meš₂ mi₃)

me [BEING].

me [BATTLE].

me [BE].

me [DESIRE].

me [REFINE].

me [SILENCE].

me [STIFFNESS].

Akkadian:

Also: deš₄, diš₄, ga_x(ME), 

Sumerian ideogram

IGI

igi (igu)

igi [EYE].

igi [FACE].

igi [~MATHEMATICS].

Akkadian:

Also: iga_x(IGI), ina₂, ini₂, inu₂, ra_x(IGI).

Hence the Sumerian language has several readings for the compound, typical of the artificial tongue:

IGI
= U
+ ME

Sumerian calls this compound RA, the eye of Ra, the same as the eye of Horus in Egypt was called initially the eye of Ra which meant mouth in Egyptian and later it was called imy.

Sumerian language has preserved both names, while these names do not make sense in Akkadian because Akkadian language was created after the Semitic tongues branched out.

From Wikipedia:

`The Eye of Horus is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royal power and good health. The eye is personified in the goddess Wadjet (also written as Wedjat, Uadjet, Wedjoyet, Edjo or Uto and as The Eye of Ra) or "Udjat". The name Wadjet is derived from "wadj" meaning "green", hence "the green one".'

The Egyptian notion of Wadjet became the source of the Semitic root word for number one as a whole. This Egyptian (old Semitic inherited) idea of the six fraction series have birth to the combination of the decimal and the sexagesimal systems and finally to the Sumerian language itself.

Proto-Semitic: *ʔ/waḥad- 1, *wḥd 2

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: one, alone 1, unite 2

Akkadian: wēd- 'only, alone, single'

Ugaritic: ʔaḥd, ʔaḥādu

Phoenician: ʔḥd

Hebrew: ʔǟḥad (yḥd 'bec. united')

Aramaic: Pal ḥad_

Biblical Aramaic: ḥad

Syrian Aramaic: ḥad-

Modern Aramaic: Urm ḥad-

Mandaic Aramaic: had

Arabic: ʔaḥad-, wāḥid- (wḥd 'be alone, unique')

Modern Arabic: Leb wǝḥad

Epigraphic South Arabian: ʔḥd

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʔaḥadu (wḥd 'unite one thing to another, add')

Tigrai (Tigriñña): ḥadä

Amharic: ʔand

Argobba: hand

Gafat: ǝǯǯä

Harari: aḥad

East Ethiopic: Wol add

Gurage: Sod at(t)

Mehri: wǝḥáyd 'alone, solitary, liking to be on o's own' JM 425

Jibbali: šēḥad 'unite'

Akkadians also perfected the old Semitic numeric system; they discovered the positional value of a number hence number 1 could also be number 11, number 2 could be number 20, number 3 also number 30 etc.

Proto-Semitic: *ʕišt-Vn-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: one

Akkadian: ištēn 'one', f. ištiat

Ugaritic: ʕšt ʕšr(h) '11'

Hebrew: ʕašǝttē 'eleven'

Aramaic: Eg ʕštʔ '11'

Epigraphic South Arabian: ʕst(n), f. ʕst '11'

Semitic people created the sexagesimal numeric system where the basic number was 60 and not 1. Number 60 could easily used for fractions because it could be divided by 10 and 6, by 2 and 3, by 20 and 3, by 30 and 2 etc. Semitic people chopped number one=60 into fractions and those fractions carried with them the phonemes of the number one=60 and that gave birth to the idea of a mathematical language where phonemes could create new words and a new abstract language was created. Initially Sumerian was an esoteric language of the analogue computer or the calculus used by the Semitic scribes and after that the priests saw the real value of Sumerian. It sounds indeed like a heavenly language even today 6000 years later after its creation because the value of words is determined by the numbers which carry the initial phonemes of the prime number 1=60. It is the first time that we truly understand the meaning of Sumerian language and the accidental birth of this mathematical language. It was the first time in history that humans could create artificial monosyllabic words and these words had a numeric base which gave them legitimacy. Sumerian became a divine language by default, nobody had ever indented to create a software printed on mud tablets in the first place. It seems that for a while Sumerian mathematicians were playing with this strange tongue before the administration of the Akkadian Empire decided to launch a program of creating more artificial words to name the gods and to communicate with them. For more than 500 years Sumerian remained frozen in mathematical tablets that have not been deciphered up to this day because this mathematical language seems unrelated to the twisted artificial language that was expanded much later. Sumerian language was not designed to deceive anyone. The priests decided to use the strange language against an audience that did not understand and could not possible translate an artificial tongue.

At the beginning Akkadians used the eye of Ra, later the eye of Horus in their calculations but this primitive deivce of creating fractions was not accurate and did not satisfy the design of mathematics as an accurate science.

The eye of Ra works as the following:

From Wikipedia:

` one (1) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 + 1/64, by throwing away 1/64 for any rational number (1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 = 0.96875 = 31/32, 31/32 + 1/64 = 0.984375 = 63/64 ≈ 1). Eye of Horus numbers created six-term rounded-off numbers. The Old Kingdom definition has dropped a seventh term, a remainder 1/64, that was needed to report exact series.'

As we can see a remainder 1/64 is round-off which means that the fraction series was not totally accurate. That is why the eye of Ra was discarded later on by Akkadian mathematicians for a better solution, the sexagesimal system where the base number is 60=1 not just 1.

Let us examine the phonetic values of the Akkadian eye ideogram identical with the Egyptian hieroglyph marking the eye of Horus.

From Wikipedia:

`The "Eye of Horus" fractions were further discussed in the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll following elementary definitions that built the Egyptian fraction system. Weights and measure subunits of a hekat were also connected to Eye of Horus numbers in the quotient, and as an exact remainder, the remainder including an Egyptian fraction and a ro unit, correcting the Eye of Horus 1/64 roundoff error. The ro unit, 1/320 of a hekat, is cited in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus and applied in the medical texts, i.e. Ebers Papyrus in two ways. The first replaced the hekat by a unity, 64/64 (in RMP 47, 82 and 83), and the second by 320 ro (in RMP 35-38). Exact divisions of 64/64 by 3, 7, 10, 11 and 13, written as 1/3, 1/17, 1/10, 1/11 and 1/13 multipliers, are also found in the Akhmim Wooden Tablet.'

Akkadian [eye]:

iga_x(IGI), ina₂, ini₂, inu₂, ra_x(IGI) where g > n > r as a series of allophones. In Egyptian language the units hekat (Akk. IGA) and ro (Akk. RA) do not make sense but in Sumerian they make sense from a linguistic perspective as the tongue moves forward from the upper part of the throat to the front part of the mouth to create consonants: g > n > r. These consonants are allophones.

Semitic scribes were masters of language manipulation and we can observe that the Egyptians came from Mesopotamia, the land between the two rivers. Iraq is the cradle of civilizations. This ancient land is the birthplace of complex mathematics.

It is a pity that human brain has no long term memory to recall the achievements of the past. The first primitive software called Sumerian was born in Iraq.

The Semitic country is the origin of the gods and their divine language. Iraqi mathematicians created an artificial tongue without the presence of machines. They predated the birth of modern computers by 6 thousand years. Writing software by pressing a crude stylus on mud tablets that is reality not science fiction. Instead of asking the wrong question how could the Iraqi scribes accomplish such a task we should ask the painful question why we found out about it so late.

Other Akkadian cognates that prove the eye of Horus is indeed the Sumerian device of fractions:

igiarû * , makṣupu *

[Art]

calculation

See also : kaṣāpu, kiṣiptu

igiarû *

[Art]

calculation , mathematical problem

igibû  (n. ; 
)

[Science → Mathematics]

reciprocal of the igû

igû  [IGI : 
 ]  (n.)

 eye ; 
 reciprocal (of a number) (Mathematics)

Variants : igiu

igiu  (
)

[Science → Mathematics]

→ igû

igigubbû  [IGI.GUB.(BA) : 
 ]  (n. ; 
)

[Science → Mathematics]

coefficient

The ultimate question is where did the Semitic scribe find the phonetic value for the eye in Sumerian.

IGI

igi (igu)

igi [EYE].

igi [FACE].

igi [~MATHEMATICS].

ši (si₁₇ še₂₀)

ši [TIRE].

zi [LIFE].

Akkadian:

Also: mahru, panu, badi, bat₅, damu₂, iga_x(IGI), ina₂, ini₂, inu₂, lam₅, le₃, lem, li₃, pa₁₀, pad₄, pan₃, ra_x(IGI).

ši [TIRE] (25x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. ši "to become tired" Akk. egű

igi [EYE] (1133x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian, unknown) wr. igi; i-bi₂; i-gi "eye; carved eye (for statues)" Akk. īnu

We know that igi / ini are allophones and clearly igi derived from Akk. īnu but the scribe made the direct phonetic switch from Akkadian egû > Sumerian igi. That is how the ideogram connects two phonetically unrelated derivatives: ši [TIRE]. zi [LIFE]. with igi [EYE]. although we also know that k/s are allophones in linguistics. What is the relationship between life, the creation of life, being tired and the eye itself? Sumerian language offers as usually no clue whatsoever. Sumerian language is a secret code, a tongue used to talk to the gods. Ancient Semites looked at the sky and they divided the stars (the eyes of gods) into constellations, into giant lords of mankind. Then they created the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, finally they created the procession calendar, the most amazing feat of primitive astronomy and they even calculated accurately the mindboggling time span of rotation of the zodiac that surpasses the lifespan of a mere mortal by more than 280 generations. The relationship between the creation of life and the eyes (stars) of the sky has been preserved in the Semitic mythology.

Proto-Semitic: *wagaʕ-

Meaning: 'be tired' 1, 'suffer' 2

Hebrew: ygʕ

Arabic: wgʕ a,4

Proto-EChadic: *gVy-

Meaning: 'become tired, tiredness'

Kera: gèyè [Eb]

Sumerian ideogram

Proto-Semitic: *yVgVʕ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'be tired' 1, 'work' 2, 'feel pain' 3

Akkadian: egû 1

Hebrew: ygʕ 1, 2

Arabic: wǯʕ [-a-] 'éprouver une douleur' BK 2 1492

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gaʕ-

Meaning: work, make, do

Semitic: *yVgVʕ- 'be tired' 1, 'work' 2, 'feel pain' 3 - Cf.

Berber: *gVH- 'make, put'

Central Chadic: *gaHya- 'do, make'1, 'build' 2

East Chadic: *giy- 'work' (n.)

Notes: Scarce data.

Proto-Berber: *gVH-

Meaning: 'make, put'

Izayan: iga

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): ǝgg

Proto-CChadic: *gaHya-

Meaning: 'do, make' 1, 'build' 2

Malgwa: ga 1 [Lr]

Gisiga: ge 1 [LGis]

Mwulyen: ùgó [Kr: 60]

Logone: gàʔè 2 [CLR: 53]

Proto-EChadic: *giy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'work' (n.)

Somrai: gìyʌ́ [Jg]

Notes: vowel assim. in Kera, cf. Mig gḕwò 'build' [JMig]

Proto-Semitic: *ʕanaʔ/y-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'be tired'

Arabic: ʕnʔ/y a,8

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕan-

Meaning: be tired, be ill

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ʕanaʔ/y- 'be tired'

Western Chadic: *ʕ/han- 'ache' (v.)

East Chadic: *ʔVVn- 'illness'

Proto-WChadic: *ʕ/han-

Meaning: 'ache' (v.)

Bokos: han [JgR]

Proto-EChadic: *ʔVVn-

Meaning: 'illness'

Mokilko: ʔḕní [JMkk]

Notes: vowel assimilation

Proto-Semitic: *ʕayn-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: eye

Akkadian: īnu (OAKK, ASS ēnu) OAkk on [CAD i 153], [AHw 383]

Eblaitic: a-na-a /ʕaynay(a)/ (dual) [Kr 27; Fr 155; Bl E No. 9]

Ugaritic: ʕn [DLU 82], /ʕēnu/ [Huehner 159]; ʕn 'see'

Canaanite: AMARNA h_e-na-ya (dual, 1 pl. suff.) [HJ 839]

Phoenician: ʕn, ʕyn (also 'sight') [T 252]

Hebrew: ʕayin [KB 817]

Biblical Aramaic: suff. ʕēn-, pl. ʕaynīn [KB deutsch 1107]

Judaic Aramaic: ʕayin (ʕēnā, ʕaynā) [Ja 1071]; constr. ʕayn-, det. ʕaynā, pl. ʕaynīn [Sok 403]

Syrian Aramaic: ʕaynā [Brock 522]

Modern Aramaic: MAL ʕaina [Berg 4], TUR ʕaino 'spring, source' [R Ṭūrōyo 113] MLH ʕayno 'Auge, Quelle' [J Mlah 168] HRT ʔena 'Auge, Quelle' [J Hert 181] NASS ɔynɔ 'eye, spring' [Tser 0156] URM ayna 'eye' [R Urmi 97] ZKH ʔēna 'eye' [R Zakho 105] MMND īn, emph. īna 'eye' [M MND 502] GZR ʔéna 'fountain' [Nak 67] AZR ena 'eye' [Garb 305] IRN aynâ 'l'occhio, la sorgente' [Pen 63]

Mandaic Aramaic: aina (abs., constr. ʕin) [DM 15, 348]

Arabic: ʕayn- [BK 2 425]

Epigraphic South Arabian: SAB ʕyn [SD 23].

    MIN ʕyn (n.), (v.) 'voir' [LM 18].

    QAT ʕyn 'sight' [Ricks 118]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʕayn

Tigre: ʕǝn (pl. ʕǝntat) [LH 472]

Amharic: ayn [K 1289]

Gafat: inä [LGaf 178]

East Ethiopic: WOL in, SEL ZWY īn [LGur 117]

Gurage: GYE ayn, CHA EZ̆A MUH MSQ GOG en, END ēn, SOD in [ibid.]

Mehri: ʔāyn [JM 38]

Jibbali: ʕíhn [JJ 20]

Soqotri: ʕain [LS 308], [SSL LS 1453]

Notes: Also 'spring, water source' in most of SEM.

    [Fron 44]: (*ʕayn- /GEZ,ARB,SYR,HBR,UGR,AKK/); [DLU 82]: UGR, EBL, ARM, HBR, PHO, ARB, AKK, GEZ; [KB 817]: HBR, ARM, UGR, AKK, PHO, ARB, ESA, GEZ, TGR; [LGz 80]: GEZ, ETH, ARB, AKK, HBR, ARM, ESA, PHO, SOQ; [Holma 15]: AKK, HBR, ARB, SYR, GEZ

Sumerian

a [WATER] (2329x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian, 1st millennium, unknown) wr. a "water; semen; progeny" Akk. mű; rihűtu

Now we know the origin of the name water in Sumerian. It derived from the name [eye, tears] in Semitic.

The name Anunna < Eblaitic: a-na-a /ʕaynay(a)/ (dual) [eyes] = Sumerian Igigi [dual, both eyes]

The name Anu [father of the gods] is an abbreviation of name Anunna [both eyes] while the name of En-ki, the friend of mankind, is an abbreviation of Ananaki.

The name eye, tired eye is associated with the last generation of gods, the sixth generation who rebelled against their master and as a result the council of gods decided to create humans to work for them. The generation of the gods are associated with the creation of the lunar and the solar calendar, the week that we still use in the modern calendar. The seventh day, the day of rest is a Semitic invention.

From Wikipedia:

The Anunnaki (also transcribed as: Anunna, Anunnaku, Ananaki and other variations) are a group of deities in ancientMesopotamian cultures (i.e., Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian). The name is variously written "^da-nuna", "^da-nuna-ke₄-ne", or "^da-nun-na", meaning something to the effect of "those of royal blood" or 'princely offspring'. Their relation to the group of gods known as the Igigi is unclear — at times the names are used synonymously but in the Atra-Hasis flood myth the Igigi are the sixth generation of the Gods who have to work for the Anunnaki, rebelling after 40 days and replaced by the creation of humans.

Jeremy Black and Anthony Green offer a slightly different perspective on the Igigi and the Anunnaki, writing that "lgigu or Igigi is a term introduced in the Old Babylonian Period as a name for the (ten) "great gods". While it sometimes kept that sense in later periods, from Middle Assyrian and Babylonian times on it is generally used to refer to the gods of heaven collectively, just as the term Anunnakku (Anuna) was later used to refer to the gods of the underworld. In the Epic of Creation, it is said that there are 300 lgigu of heaven."

The Anunnaki appear in the Babylonian creation myth, Enuma Elish. In the late version magnifying Marduk, after the creation of mankind, Marduk divides the Anunnaki and assigns them to their proper stations, three hundred in heaven, three hundred on the earth. In gratitude, the Anunnaki, the "Great Gods", built Esagila, the splendid: "They raised high the head of Esagila equaling Apsu. Having built a stage-tower as high as Apsu, they set up in it an abode for Marduk, Enlil, Ea." Then they built their own shrines.

According to later Assyrian and Babylonian myth, the Anunnaki were the children of Anu and Ki, brother and sister gods, themselves the children of Anshar and Kishar (Skypivot and Earthpivot, the Celestial poles), who in turn were the children of Lahamu and Lahmu ("the muddy ones"), names given to the gatekeepers of the Abzu temple at Eridu, the site at which the creation was thought to have occurred. Finally, Lahamu and Lahmu were the children of Tiamat (Goddess of the Ocean) and Abzu (God of Fresh Water).

Igigi was a term used to refer to the gods of heaven in Sumerian mythology. Though sometimes synonymous with the term "Annunaki," in one myth the Igigi were the younger gods who were servants of the Annunaki, until they rebelled and were replaced by the creation of humans.

Atrahasis

Sumerian paradise is described as a garden in the myth of Atrahasis where lower rank deities (the Igigi) are put to work digging awatercourse by the more senior deities (the Anunnaki).

When the gods, man-like,
Bore the labour, carried the load,
The gods' load was great,
The toil grievous, the trouble excessive.
The great Anunnaku, the Seven,
Were making the Igigu undertake the toil.

The Igigi then rebel against the repression of Enlil, setting fire to their tools and surrounding Enlil's great house by night. On hearing that toil on the irrigation channel is the reason for the disquiet, the Annanuki council decide to create man to carry out agricultural labour.

Sumerian

eg [LEVEE] (627x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. eg₂; iku₂"levee" Akk. īku

We can see that Sumerian eg₂; iku₂"levee" Akk. īku is related to the name of Igigi [eyes] the fallen stars of the northern hemisphere, the lesser gods who were brought to earth to serve their master gods. Initially it was them who built the irrigation channels and the levees on the field.

The name earth Ki in Sumerian is the abbreviation of the name Igigi and the name sky An is the abbreviation of the name Annuna. Both these names were extracted syllables from Semitic based compound words not mere evolutionary linguistic transformation the derived from the name: eyes of gods, the stars in heaven, a primitive concept of Semitic mythology. The names Ki [earth], An [sky] in Sumerian were not the result of a prolonged process of erosion from Igigi [eyes] = Annuna [eyes]. It is rather a trick performed by a cunning scribe who did not want to reveal the obvious relationship between the name of the eye and the name of the star because if he did just that, nobody would believe in such a god, an artificial deity, a creation of the mind. It also means that mythology as a whole did not rise from the popular belief in gods. Mythology was a propaganda machine created by the state. Even the most primitive form of religion was created under direct supervision and the blessing of a monarch. It was not born naturally among the people and did not trigger any language transformation as it was previously believed. The first gods of mankind were a mere reflection of the royal court and their dealings with one another reflected the relationship among the members of the administration. What is so disturbing is the fact that these gods did not evolve from the spirits worshiped by the ice age hunter gatherer, they were a late creation of a poet priest working for the king. The common man had nothing to do with this elaborate labyrinth called Sumerian pantheon. Common people simply accepted the entire set of gods as they were without any doubt that it was a fraud. The saddest thing and the irony of the history is the fact that we still believe our fathers, we still trust them, even though we can prove that what they told us is not true.

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