You are a geologist dealing with physical geology. Talk to your friend who is interested in historical geology about your disciplines.
-Hi! It’s nice to see you. We didn’t see for a long time. What are you doing?
-I’m studying historical geology in Krakow and you?
-Oh, really!? I’m studying physical geology on the University of Lodz. Can you tell me about your studies?
-Yes, physical geology deals with the materials of the Earth, earth-crust movement and the processes by which the earth has been modified. I think the historical geology doesn’t apply in this area.
-You have right. Historical geology deals with the records of the successive events of the earth’ history, and with the history and evolutionary changes of the organisms which have lived upon the earth.
-I think that historical geology wouldn’t work without physical. My domain can provide you material from which you can determine the history of the earth.
- Yes, your specialty is really important in my work. We should stay in touch.
- Ofcourse, I will give you my email address. Write whenever you need.
- Thank you, and see you soon!
-Bye!
Exchange with your friend your knowledge of the earth in motion. ( rotation, revolution)
-Hi, what did you do last evening? I called you but you didn’t answer.
-I’m sorry. My little brother ask me about Earth motion because he’s preparing for a geography test.
-Oh, did you tell him about rotation and revolution?
- Yes, He can’t understand the difference .
- Rotations refers to the turning motion of the earth on its axis and rotates from west to east.
- I know. I told him about rotation’s effects too. It’s causes night and day because earth needs 24hours to making one complete turn.
- Good, what about revolution? Did you tell him that this causes the seasons?
- I told him that the earth takes 365 days to make a complete revolution about the sun. I forgot about it’s consequences!
- You should complete his knowledge after he is going pass his exam.
-Right I run to home after he go out to school! See you soon!
-Bye!
You are students and tomorrow you have a test. Revise you knowledge about the Solar System.
- Hi! Did you started your learning to the test about Solar System?
- Yes, that’s tomorrow. If you want you can question me.
- Ok, tell me about controlling member.
- It will be easy. The solar system has one controlling member, the sun. It’s contains most of the total mass of the solar system.
-It’s not enough. The main function of sun is controls by gravitational attraction the planets which revolve about it.
- Right, what do you know about the planets?
- The planets fall into two groups, called the inner and outer planets. The four inner are small planets and Earth is the largest of the group. What about inner planets?
- Exception the of Pluto, the outer planets are very much larger than the inner ones. Among the nine planets Jupiter is the largest and Mercury is the smallest.
- Great! We shouldn’t have a problem with pass this exam.
- I think so too. Let's go because we're late for class.
-Let’s go!
You have recently visited an area of volcanic activity. Talk to your friend about advantages and disadvantages of volcanoes.
Hi, how are you?
I’m fine, thank you. I would like to share my opinion about volcanoes with you.
Volcanoes can be very dangerous but not always.
Exactly, I was on the area of volcanic activity. There are fertile soils, do you know why?
Ash is a natural fertilizer which contains useful minerals. It’s helping crops to grow.
That’s why volcanic soils are important for agriculture. They are rich in nutrients. Moreover, volcanoes are tourist attraction. It’s also an important for economy.
It’s all true. We should remember about disadvantages of volcanoes. Volcanoes eruptions causes a great losses of live and property.
Unfortunately, transport and communication will be blocked. During a volcanic eruption planes can’t fly over the area.
Right, I must go but If you want you can go with me tomorrow for the Exposition of Volcanic Activity in Natural History Museum. I will be there at 12:00
Great, see you there. Bye!
You have recently heard about the earthquake which took place in Japan. Talk about the consequences of earthquakes and ways to help people in Japan.
Hi, Have you heard about the recent earthquake in Japan?
Hello, Did you mean earthquake of 2011? This caused massive destruction and the death of 18,000 people.
Yes, but you know that not the earthquakes are dangerous but their consequences.
Earthquakes tend to happen where plates collide or slide past each other. Then, shock waves spread out from the focus.
Building may sway and eventually collapse if the force is strong enough. This causes the death of many people, the destruction of architecture in the area and as a consequence the collapse of the economy.
We need to monitor the movement of the earth's crust in place like Japan.
Yeah, We should not be indifferent. There are organizations that collect food and clothing for victims of the earthquakes.
I support this. Although Japan is on the other side of the world, we can help.
I will send you address of Website which is transferring money from views to effects of earthquakes.
Really? It can be my most visited website. See you online!
See you!
You are a traveller and you love climbing the mountains, your friend is fascinated with the sea. Talk to your friend about advantages and disadvantages of living in different areas.
Hi, what are you going to do on the next summer?
I'm going to Zakopane. I'll climb on Kasprowy and Giewont. It's a great feeling to be able to climb up to the top and overcome weaknesses.
Oh, really? I am much more prefer to stay by the sea. I like to sunbathe on the beach, watch the landscape and breathe in the fresh sea air!
I think the sea is not so much opportunities as in the mountains. For example in the mountains you can enjoy skiing in winter and explore hiking trails in summer.
You're right, but the sea in summer there are so many possibilities for surfing, swimming, building sand castles, playing beach volleyball. In winter, you can walk the shores and breathe the air full of iodine, an important element for our health.
I've got you upset, but high unemployment is on the coast during the winter because there is much seasonal work.
I think that the effects of seasonal work touches every area. In the mountains it is certainly more life-threatening accidents.
You are wrong, are more accidents on the sea where the nice weather and alcohol cause that many people feel indestructible. Then kills them thermal shock upon entering the water and recklessness.
We do not come today to compromise. I wish you a successful holiday.
I wish you, too. Take care. Bye!
Bye!
After visiting the United States you believe that Niagara Waterfalls are the most wonderful ones, your friend disagrees with you and gives you some examples of different kinds of waterfalls.
Hi! We didn’t see for a long time. How are you?
Hi! It’s nice to see you. I saw your photo on Facebook. When you were in USA? How did you like it?
One month ago. My mother's cousin invited me. He lives in Toronto. The larger impressed me Niagara Waterfalls.
-Oh, really? I think the most impressed are waterfalls in National Park Krka in Croatia.
-I don't think so! It’s really beautiful waterfall which is the biggest on the world!
-You’re
wrong . Maybe its widest but the highest is Salto Angel in
Venezuela. It measures about 1 km.
-
It must be a
fantastic view! We
should organize an
expedition to
South America!
Keep Calm. I think it's very demanding and costly expedition.
Maybe Ministry of Environment wants to fund research studies waterfall in Venezuela
I will check it. I will give you a sign on the class tomorrow. See you then!
Bye!
Explain to your friend the difference between parts of the earth and express your opinion about the most important one.
Hi! Have you seen the latest science movie which was produced by National Geographic?
Did you mean the one about parts of the Earth?
This one! Film shows the functions of each part of the earth.
You have read the article about deforestation. Discuss the main reasons of deforestation in developing countries.
Hello! Have you seen this article about deforestation?
Hi! This one about the main reasons of deforestation in developing countries?
Yes. That’s one It’s not look good. It says the biggest driver of deforestation is agriculture.
Unfortunately, farmers cut forests to provide more room for planting crops or grazing livestock for example in Latin America.
Moreover, logging operations which provide the world’s wood and paper products, also cut countless trees each year in Africa.
Yeah, loggers sometimes acting illegally, also build roads to access more and more remote forests which leads to further deforestation.
It’s terrible, but forest are cut as a result of growing urbanization.
I think that would help more governmental regularity of logging.
Yeah. They should be monitoring the forest by air, looking for illegal logging operations.
We should organize a seminar about deforestation.
Let's share this idea with the professor.
Let’s go!
The scientists are concerned with the changes of temperature on the earth. Talk to your friend about the consequences of global warming.
Hi! Did you saw last interview with scientists from Institute of World Meteorological Organization?
This one about the consequences of global warming?
Yes. They are concerned with the changes of temperature on the earth.
I'm not surprised. I saw an article about melting glaciers which causes rising sea levels about 6m.
There is a hypothesis that is possible disappearance of the Gulf Stream causing an ice age in the northern hemisphere.
Unfortunately, global warming effect are hurricanes, floods and storms. They can cause losses of live and property.
Like a high temperatures which can cause fires and drought .
Yes. Global warming can causes the extinction of fauna and flora with their natural environment.
We should organize a seminar about consequences of global warming.
Let's share this idea with the professor.
Let’s go!
You are a student visiting a weather station. Ask the scientists about methods used to measure monthly and average temperature.
Good morning Ms! I am grateful for the opportunity our meet and sightseeing of weather station.
It's my pleasure. Did you have any questions?
Yes, I would like to know how measure temperature. ..
Oh, it’s easy. We use a thermometer which is located in Stevenson’s Screen.
Alright, but it shows only a daily temperature. How to obtain a mean daily temperatures?
You should add the highest and the lowest temperatures for the day and divide by two.
It seems simple. So, how to calculate average monthly temperatures?
It can be calculated by adding the mean daily temperatures for the month and dividing by the number of days in that month. Probably already guess how to calculate the annual average temperature?
Now I know! We adding the average monthly temperatures for the year and dividing by 12.
Yes, you have right. You should thinking about work on the weather station.
After graduation, I will apply here. Good Bye!
Good Bye!
Your friend is supposed to write an essay about weathering. Explain to him the difference between chemical and mechanical weathering.
- Hi? What are you writing?
- Oh, Hi! I try to write an essay about weathering. I'm not good at this.
- Really? I like this theme! What are you want to know?
- Hm, I know than weathering is destruction of rocks by the action of solar energy, air, water and organisms.
- That’s right. You know that the weathering is divide into chemical decomposition and mechanical disintegration?
- I know but I didn’t see a difference… Could you explain me?
- Sure, in mechanical weathering rocks are affected by alternate heating and cooling. The heat of the sun expands the surface layers of the rock.
- And cooling causes them to contract! Alright! What happened in chemical weathering?
- Rock which are exposed to the oxygen and carbon dioxide of the atmosphere change in chemical composition. Mineral joins with the oxygen or carbon dioxide . Thus the rock is decomposed.
- Thank you for your explain. Now it will be easy.
- Good luck and see you !
-Bye!