Wszystkie zwroty zostały podzielone na kategorie związane z organizacją tekstu: wprowadanie argumentów, uzasadnianie, wyrażanie opinii, zgadzanie się oraz niezgadzanie się, doprecyzowanie swoich myśli, argumentów, przedstawianie różnic, ppodsumowywanie – przedstawianie wniosków.
Przedstawianie
kolejnych argumentów:
1.
To begin with
– na początek – To
begin with, you have to remember that…
2.
First of all/ firstly/ secondly
– przede wszystkim/ po pierwsze/ po drugie – Firstly,
it’s not true that…
3.
As for –
co do – As
for functions, there are all of them.
4.
As regards
– co się tyczy –
As regards the introduced options, they are very useful.
5.
Then
– poza tym, następnie –
I agree and then there is another aspect.
6.
Besides
– zresztą, oprócz tego – It’s
too long and besides I don’t like the author’s style.
7.
What is more
– co więcej – His
attitude is wrong and what’s more, he seems to be a layman.
8.
Further
– co więcej – Further,
the author has to reconsider his claims.
9.
Furthermore
– ponadto – Furthermore,
I neglect such a view.
10.
Moreover
– ponadto – The
idea is not reasonable and moreover it’s unreal.
Uzasadnianie:
11.
Thus
– tak więc – Thus,
the whole project cannot be implemented.
12.
Thereby
– tym samym – He
broke all the rules and thereby, he was expelled.
13.
Therefore
– dlatego (też) – Profits,
therefore, were down last time.
14.
Because
– ponieważ – I
argue with you because you are completely wrong.
15.
Since
– ponieważ – I
decided to write it since I was asked to do so.
16.
As
– gdyż –As
you always come too late, I decided not to wait for you.
17.
Accordingly
– z tego powodu, w związku z tym
– He won the election and accordingly he bacame a chairman.
18.
In consequence
– w konsekwencji – He
did it and in consequence he was on time.
19.
Hence
– stąd, w związku z tym, dlatego też – He
had credentials and hence they employed him.
Wyrażanie
opinii:
20.
I would say that
– powiedziałbym, że – I
would say that such a view is unacceptable.
21.
It seems to me that
– wydaje mi się, że – It
seems to me that his arguments are difficult to prove.
22.
In my opinion –
moim zdaniem – In
my opinion, it is not worth its price.
23.
I am of the opinion that
– jestem zdania, że –
I am of the opinion that it is impossible.
24.
I am of the view that
– uważam, że – I
am of the view that it is very probable.
25.
As for
– co do, jeśli chodzi o – As
for me, I would have done it.
26.
To my mind
– według mnie – To
my mind, it is nonsense.
27.
As far as I know
– Z tego, co wiem – As
far as I know it works in a different way.
28.
As far as I am concerned
– jeśli o mnie chodzi – As
far as I am concerned they can do what they want.
29.
According to (sb)
– według (kogoś innego niż ja) – According
to the author…
30.
I reckon (that)
– uważam, że – I
reckon these allegations are unjustified.
31.
I opine (that)
– uważam, że – I
opine that such a statement is ridiculous.
32.
I hold the view that –
reprezentuję pogląd/zdanie, że –I
hold the view that it cannot be correct.
33.
From sb’s standpoint
– z czyjegoś punktu widzenia – Try
to think of it from my standpoint.
34.
I think (that)
– uważam, że – I
think the authors exaggerate.
35.
I have every reason to believe that
– mam wszelkie powody, by sądzić, że –I
have every reason to believe that it could not happen for
real.
36.
Judging from/by –
sądząc po – Judging
from the facts it is possible.
37.
I suppose (that)
– sądzę, że – I
suppose he did not consider the elementary rules.
38.
I guess (that)
– zgaduję, że –
I guess he wrote it himself.
39.
I claim (that)
– twierdzę/utrzymuję, że – He
claims he followed the instructions.
40.
I assert that
– twierdzę/zapewniam, że – I
assert that the thesis is to be substantiated.
41.
I maintain (that)
– upieram się/obstaję przy tym, że – He
maintained his innocence.
42.
I consider sb (to be)
– uważam kogoś za – I
consider the author (to be) a great novelist.
43.
I believe (that)
– sądzić, uważać, przypuszczać – I
believe (that) this conclusion is legitimate.
44.
I am convinced that -
jestem przekonany, że – I
am convinced that it may happen.
Zgadzanie
się:
45.
I agree –
zgadzam się – I
agree with you.
46.
I accept
– akceptuję – I
accept these arguments.
47.
Be
correct
– zgadzać się, być prawidłowym – Your
thinking is correct.
48.
Tally with –
zgadzać się z –
It tallies with my calculations.
49.
Be positive
– być przekonanym – He
is positive that they did it.
50.
Confirm
– potwierdzać – I
confirm his arguments.
51.
Approve of –
aprobować – I
approve of his conclusions.
52.
Support –
popierać –
I support the solution he suggested.
53.
I am in sympathy with sb
– popieram kogoś – I
am in sympathy with the author.
54.
I sympathise with –
sympatyzuję z –
I sympathise with his opinion.
Niezgadzanie
się:
55.
I
disagree
– nie zgadzam się – I
disagree with you.
56.
I protest against –
protestuję przeciwko – I
protest against such behaviour.
57.
Reject –
odrzucać, nie akceptować –
I reject this ideology.
58.
I negate
– neguję – I
negate such thinking.
59.
Disapprove of
– nie pochwalać, potępiać – I
disapprove of such thinking.
60.
Oppose
– sprzeciwiać się – I
had to openly oppose him because he was completely wrong.
61.
Object –
sprzeciwiać się – I
object to be called in such a way.
62.
I differ with sb
– nie zgadzam się z kimś – I
differ with him on this issue.
Precyzowanie
danej myśli:
63.
What I mean is that
– chcę powiedzieć, że – What
I mean is that it is not going to be easy.
64.
I mean (to say)
– to znaczy – His
approach is inappropriate, I mean (to say) it lacks theoretical
basis.
65.
What I am getting at is (that)
– chodzi mi o to, że – What
I am getting at is (that) you are not being realistic.
66.
The point is (that)
– chodzi o to, że – The
point is (that) I just cannot agree.
67.
In other words
– inaczej mówiąc-
In other word, the software is full of bugs.
68.
That is to say
– to znaczy, czyli – Sociolinguistics,
that is to say the study of a language in a society is often
underestimated.
69.
Make oneself clear
– wyrażać się jasno – I
will make myself clear.
70.
I will put it this way
– ujmę to w ten sposób – I
will put it this way, If you want to succeed you have to concentrate
on your goals.
Wyrażanie
różnic:
71.
Actually
– faktycznie, w rzeczywistości – It
is a well known fact, actually.
72.
In fact
– faktycznie, de facto –
In fact, I am completely against your suggestion.
73.
In a way
– w pewnym sensie – I
know your thinking is not correct, but in a way, I can understand
such reasoning.
74.
To a certain extent –
do pewnego stopnia – I
agree with the author to a certain extent, but…
75.
Anyway
– w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej – anyway,
I think that…
76.
As a rule
– z reguły – As
a rule, he is never wrong.
77.
On the one hand
– z jednej strony – On
the one hand, it is what I need.
78.
On the other hand –
z drugiej strony – On
the other hand, it is too complicated.
79.
Still
– jednak – The
novel is hard to read; still, it is interesting.
80.
Yet
– jednak, mimo to – She
is not a mathematician and yet her skills are amusing.
81.
However
– jednak(że) – I
usually drink coffee. Today, however, I am having a cup of
tea.
82.
On the contrary
– przeciwnie – He
is not tall, on the contrary, he is really short.
83.
In spite of –
(po)mimo – In
spite of evidence, they did not believe him.
84.
Nevertheless –
pomimo to, niemniej jednak – Nevertheless,
it is still valued by scholars.
85.
Nonetheless -
pomimo to, niemniej jednak – Nonetheless,
it is important to him.
86.
Notwithstanding –
jednakże, mimo wszystko, mimo to – He
is a decent man, notwithstanding I do not like him.
87.
In contrast to/with
– w odróznieniu od – In
contrast to his father he is very famous.
88.
But
– (a) mimo to, (a) jednak – The
story is strange but true.
89.
But then (again)
– ale z drugiej strony, ale przecież – But
then such methods are practical.
Podsumowywanie:
90.
Finally
– wreszcie, w końcu – Finally,
I would like to concentrate on the main issue.
91.
In short
– krótko mówiąć –
In short, it was outrageous.
92.
All things considered
– w sumie – All
things considered, he is a happy man.
93.
To sum up
– podsumowując – To
sum up, there are advantages and disadvantages.
94.
To recap
– podsumowując – To
recap, it can be accepted.
95.
To conclude
– na zakończenie – To
conclude, the translator domesticated the story.
96.
In conclusion
– kończąc – I
would like to say in conclusion, that I admire them.
97.
As a conclusion
– kończąc –
As a conclusion we may quote the poet…
98.
Generally speaking
– ogólnie rzecz biorąc – Generally
speaking, it is not a problem.
99.
On the whole
– ogólnie rzecz biorąc – On
the whole, it is a quite good idea.
100.
Lastly
– wreszcie, w końcu – …and
lastly it is the most popular programme.
Wiecej:
http://www.eioba.pl/a/2nz0/100-zwrotow-ktore-musisz-znac-piszac-po-angielsku#ixzz2cliXF2PL