Introduction to

Persuasive

Speaking

Part 10:

Using Visual Aids

John E. Clayton

Nanjing University, Spring, 2005

Syllabus

02/28 Introduction;
03/07
03/14 Speech 1
03/21
03/28 Movie: Remember the Titans
04/04 Overcoming Fear
04/11 Speech 2
04/18 Make-up speeches; Review speech 2
04/25 Using an outline; Selecting a topic
05/02 Holiday

05/09 Using visual aids; Topic outline card
05/16

Speech 3 (topic your choice, Visual

aid, Outline card)

(NOTE: Please DO NOT use PowerPoint)

05/23 Review of Speech 3
06/30 Review of all speech principles; Prep for
speech 4
06/06

Speech 4

(no make-ups – all due this day)

06/09 Speech contest and party (evening, 6:00 –
8:00pm)

The Role of Presentation Aids

Presentation Aids

•

Can be audio or visual

•

Help the audience

- see relationships

- remember material

•

Should be used to

supplement, rather than

serve as your ideas

Memory & Presentation Aids

Percent of Speech Remembered

After…

When to Use?

The first step is to

establish

the

need for an aid.

Once your speech is

complete,

read through to identify

places

where an aid would

clarify your ideas.

Timing

Display your aid only

when you

are about to discuss it

Otherwise, the

audience my

become distracted if

they see

something they do not

understand

Simplicity is Important

Concentrate on

presenting one

major idea per

aid.

Place Aids Carefully

Make certain that the

audience can see and

hear your aids,

and

that you can access

them easily without

interrupting the flow

of your speech

What Aids Should You Use?

The selection and use

of particular types of

presentation aids

should be based on

the speech content,

the audience, and

the occasion.

Basic Guidelines for Aids

•

Make it easy to see

•

Keep it simple

•

Make it consistent with

objective

•

Maintain eye contact

•

Talk about visual aid

Additional Considerations

•

Don’t pass items around

•

Use nothing dangerous

or illegal

•

Avoid using live animals

•

Prepare for problems

(have
backups)

Types of Visual Aids

•

Slides

•

Posters

•

Objects

•

Models

•

Handouts

Types of Visual Aids,

cont.

•

Flip charts

•

Chalkboards

•

Audio/video clips

•

Overhead

transparencies

•

Projected computer

graphics

Design Rules - Size

72

PT

60 PT

44 PT

36 PT

32 PT

28 PT

24 PT

18 PT

14 PT

Make sure

type size is

large

enough for

the

audience

you will

address

Make sure type size is

large enough for

the audience you

will address

A Picture is Worth 1,000

Words

“Hanging from a small

pin

pounded into the

mountain

surface can be an

exciting,

if dangerous, activity.”

A Picture is Worth 1,000

Words

Chalkboard

Use for simple

explanations

Remember -- the

processes of

writing or drawing

reduce contact

between the presenter

and the audience

Practice With the Aid

Practice the presentation

as it

will actually be performed

Plan on what to say during

“dead

time,” such as time spent

walking over to an

overhead

Gettysburg Address

Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this

continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the

proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation

or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are

met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a

portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave

their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper

that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we

cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who

struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or

detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say

here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living

rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who

fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be

here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these

honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they

gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve

that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God

shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people,

by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

Gettysburg Address

Abraham Lincoln

Delivered 19

November 1863,

Gettysburg

Battlefield

Topic Outline Card

A. Introduction – we need better laws
regarding alcohol.

1. Bob’s death
2. Latest statistics on youth

deaths.

3. Question: why must this

continue?

B. Need – It can happen to anyone.

1. Story of Jane’s crippling

accident.

2.

C. Satisfaction --

Homework

Finish preparing speech 3,
to be presented on May 16

th

1. Argumentative topic of your choice
2. 3 minutes

MEASURED ON:

- Impactful introduction
- Effective use of a visual aid
- Use of a topic outline card